[고3] 2025년 06월 - 41~42번: 기술 디자인에서 인간 경험과 기술을 매끄럽게 통합하려는 '심리스' 지향성
In technological design, an aspiration towards seamlessness aims to make the technological experience for humans blend seamlessly into our everyday lives. Essentially, this aspiration aims towards experiences where people are no longer aware of the technology, the interface or the differences between human-technology and human-human interaction. Considering the metaphor of seams in clothing, we can say that we aspire to seamless aesthetics by stitching the seams closely, pressing them flat and making sure they are hidden on the inside so that we wear clothing rather than pieces of fabric. When designers and engineers talk about technological seamlessness, they are often referring to ease of use and convenience. For example, in interface design, an aspiration towards seamlessness ensures the experience for the user flows and is not stressful or irritating. Most of us would have had experiences of poor interface designs or apps in workplaces that make things more complicated and irritating, and have longed for more seamless interfaces. Technological seamlessness can also include less visible screens in new technologies, or virtual reality technologies with a seamless technological design. The aim is to immerse the user experience such that the visual interaction might be described as inside the screen rather than a body interacting with a digital console or object as separate entities. Similarly, seamlessness in humanoid robotic design aims to make humanoids indistinguishable from a human body.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• garment 의복 (= clothing)

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 40번: 기술 발전으로 인한 실업이 사회 질서, 부의 분배, 일의 의미에 미치는 부정적 영향
A serious deterioration in people's working lives would be deeply disturbing to the social order. Indeed, few consequences of technological change would be as dangerous. Today, the world of work is the main way that we share out the fruits of growth: for most people, their job is their main, if not their only, source of income. Technological unemployment would weaken that longstanding arrangement, encouraging an even more extreme version of inequality in which some people receive more income than others and many receive nothing at all. Nor would the disturbance be only economic. For many people, their work is both a source of income and of meaning. And with that in mind, the threat is even broader: not only that the labor market might be hollowed out, leaving some unable to find a good job and a reliable income, but that this sense of fulfilment that some people are fortunate to feel in their jobs might be hollowed out as well, leaving them unable to find purpose and live a satisfying life.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• disruptive 파괴적인 (= disturbing)
• undermine 약화시키다 (= weaken)
• disruption 혼란 (= disturbance)
• labour 노동 (= labor)
• gratifying 만족스러운 (= satisfying)

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 39번: 일상적인 신체 경험이 수학적 개념 이해에 기여하는 방식 (예: 걷기)
Researchers are studying how our everyday physical experiences in the world contribute to our understanding of mathematical concepts. The experience of walking along a path, for example, can be a metaphor for thinking about arithmetic. The path starts at some point 0 and as children walk along, every step takes them 1 unit further from the starting point; they can even take half steps or skip along two steps at a time. If they want to imagine what it might mean to add 5 and 9, they could think of first walking 9 steps and then walking 5 more. But that also helps them think about what 14 - 3 might mean because they can imagine walking backwards. They might be sitting still as they imagine all of this walking back and forth along their path; but they are reliving, at least in their imagination, the movement of their feet. If they close their eyes, they might even imagine the shape of the path, the smell of the trees, and the sound that is made when they step on the dried leaves.

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 38번: 귀엽거나 아름다운 디자인이 유발하는 서로 다른 동기 및 잠재적 단점
Research finds that people show a strong visceral interest in and desire to approach and own cute-looking and beautiful (elegant) designs. However, cute and beautiful designs elicit two very different motivations. A cute product or package design elicits a nurturing motivation ― a desire to take care of and keep the product, to hold it dear to our hearts and never let it go. The beautiful product or package design elicits a self-expressive, or signaling, motivation ― a desire to express oneself to others through product ownership. But cute and beautiful designs also have downsides. Certain types of cute products can be associated with a lack of sophistication or seriousness, which can reduce performance expectations (lowering perceived enablement benefits). Beautiful-looking designs may not attract attention over time because people become desensitized to them.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• undermine 약화시키다 (= reduce)

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 37번: 자기 진자 운동을 통해 본 카오스 시스템의 특징과 발생 조건
A good example of chaos is the magnetic pendulum sold as an executive toy. It has four magnets arranged in a square at the base and a pendulum that swings back and forth between them. Release the pendulum and note the magnets that it visits, and in what order. If the pendulum is released from the same position a second time, the pattern of movement may at first be the same but soon it will become completely different. In fact, the pattern of its movement is chaotic. No matter how much care is taken to start the pendulum in the same position, it will visit an entirely different set of points on the two occasions. Chaotic systems are generated by iteration, though not all iteration leads to chaos. In order to produce chaos, the iteration has to be within what is called a nonlinear system. Nor are all nonlinear systems chaotic: to become so they need to be pushed beyond a certain point, called a bifurcation. Before that point is reached they may behave in a quite orderly fashion.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 36번: 현대 사회의 신체 활동 부족이 초래하는 건강 문제와 그 심각성
If we take an evolutionary look at our beginnings, we see a life in which high levels of physical activity were required for survival. Even one century ago, most people needed to be physically active to work, to travel, and to take care of homes and families. Our modern world has engineered such activity out of our lives. There are fewer manual jobs, we do not need to travel on foot, we do not need to hunt and harvest for our food, and many domestic chores have been mechanized. While these changes have created many benefits for our longevity and quality of life, they have also created many problems. Lack of sufficient physical activity has now been linked to at least 17 unhealthy conditions, almost all of which are chronic diseases or considered risk factors for chronic diseases. Adrianne Hardman has summarized this serious situation for public health: "Physical inactivity is a waste of human potential for health and well-being."

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 35번: 기후 온난화로 인한 전 세계 빙하의 급속한 감소와 소멸 위기
A genuine glacier must be permanent. Generally, this implies that sufficient fresh snow must accumulate during the cold months to offset melting during the summer, although on a year-to-year basis, glaciers may expand or contract, depending on local and global climatic conditions. Today, most glaciers around the world are melting because of the warming climate, and it appears that the rate of melting is accelerating. This has been documented spectacularly in places such as the Alps, where historical records have been kept and dated sketches and photographs are available to compare with the present extent of ice. Even over periods as short as a few decades, satellite images show that dramatic reduction of mountain glaciers has occurred in the Andes, the Himalayas, and elsewhere. It is estimated that many small mountain glaciers will disappear completely within ten to twenty years unless there is a sudden and unexpected change in the present warming trend.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• bona fide 진짜의 (= genuine)
• in retreat 후퇴 중인 (= melting)
• shrinkage 축소 (= reduction)
• vanish 사라지다 (= disappear)
• abrupt 갑작스러운 (= sudden)

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 34번: 지리학에서 '어디서' 뿐 아니라 '왜 거기서'와 '그래서 무엇'이라는 질문의 중요성
One word is inextricably associated with geography: where. That is because geography starts from the premise that it matters where something takes place on Earth's surface. The key questions are not simply "where" questions, though; they are "why there" and "so what" questions. Getting to such questions means taking spatial arrangements, variations, and interconnections seriously. Engaging in even the simplest day-to-day activity requires some appreciation of spatial circumstances ― where to find food and services, how to get to work places, and the like. Moving up in scale, without some awareness of how phenomena are arranged on Earth's surface, it is difficult to make reasoned business or policy judgments, make sense of events, or grasp some of the basic forces shaping life on the planet. Locating a new store or public service requires taking into consideration population distributions, the location of roads and utilities, socio-economic patterns, and more. Understanding why and where migration happens requires consideration of the political organization of territory, the spatial consequences of discrimination, socio-economic patterns, and the layout of the physical environment.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 33번: 집중(narrowing)의 단기적 이점과 장기적 관점 유지의 중요성
When we narrow, we're redirecting all of our computing power to the handful of processes that matter. It's as if to help with our slow Wi-Fi, we disconnect our phone and tablet, just so that our video conference call won't lag. Narrowing also helps with goal attainment. It cuts out all of the other distractions and places the most important goal front and center. When we home in, we increase motivational intensity, reinforcing that what's in front of us is what we should be after. For a brief moment, the trade-off can be worthwhile, but when we remain zoomed in for too long, we start to miss cues and signals. We get locked in on one path without being able to step back and see a better route. When we're stuck narrowed in for too long, accidents go up and performance drops. We miss hearing alarms that signal there's a problem elsewhere.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• sluggish 느린, 둔한 (= slow)

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 32번: 작가들이 인물의 외모를 직접 묘사하기보다 그 효과를 전달하는 방식
Writers often give us the impression that they have described the faces of their characters, when in fact they have simply given you an outline to fill in. Of Esch, the most important character in Hermann Broch's masterpiece The Sleepwalkers, we learn only that he has big teeth. Even so, we don't feel as if his face is a dentate blankness. Most often, we mistake being told what effect someone's appearance has for an account of that appearance. The poet Mallarme's advice ― Peindre non la chose, mais l'effet qu'elle produit ('Paint not the thing itself but the effect it produces') sounds like a self-denying ordinance. Actually it is a rather clever way out of an intractable problem. When, in one of his novels, Evelyn Waugh says of a new character, that 'he had just the kind of appearance one would expect a young man of his type to have' and nothing else, you still feel as if you have been told exactly what he looks like.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• cunning 교묘한, 영리한 (= clever)
• elude 피하다, 표현을 벗어나다
• snugly 아늑하게, 꼭 맞게
• locate 위치시키다
• dawn on 깨닫다, 분명해지다
• fancy (감탄·동사) 상상하다, 생각하다

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 31번: 동물의 사회적 학습에서 '가르침'의 존재 가능성을 시사하는 연구들
The human psychology and education communities (as well as some animal researchers!) have been against referring to "teaching" when describing social learning in animals, mainly because teaching implies a level of intentionality on the part of the model that is difficult to measure in animals. Nonetheless, there has been a movement within the animal cognition community to say that animals can, in fact, teach one another. For example, skilled ants engage in a behavior called tandem running, in which they touch their bodies to the body of a novice ant as they lay down chemical trails, presumably to assist the newcomer with route learning. Killer whales also repeat the same seal hunting technique in front of their offspring, sometimes without even killing the seal, leading researchers to ask why they would repeatedly catch and release a seal if they were not planning to eat it. Considering the amount of energy they'd have to expend, there would need to be a good reason, and that reason might be teaching.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 30번: 학술적 글쓰기에서 독자에게 반향을 일으키는 독특한 목소리 구축의 중요성
Gaining an audience for your writing involves not just finding a voice but ensuring that voice resonates with your intended readers. Entrepreneurs understand the importance of building a brand that makes them memorable and distinct from their competitors, drawing customers to their products or services. They achieve this by pinpointing their target audience, crafting a unique value proposition, and shaping a recognizable identity. While scholars might initially find these entrepreneurial concepts alien, they actually engage in similar practices when they set themselves apart in their academic writing. Consider the typical literature review and motivation section of a scholarly article ― the aim is to highlight gaps in existing research and position oneself as the one who will address these overlooked areas. The challenge, as Labaree suggests, is not just in developing innovative ideas but in cultivating a distinctive voice that makes readers think, "Ah, this sounds like [the author]." It's about balancing the expression of your ideas with the development of a unique voice that leaves a lasting impression on your audience.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• articulation 표현 (= expression)

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 29번: TV 프로그램에서 감정적 강도 조절을 위해 근접성 변수를 활용하는 방식 
Changes in the degree of closeness are quite important in managing emotional intensity. Take, for example, emotions induced by television. Closeness and familiarity are important in making the fictional environment more real. Accordingly, most TV shows are set in the present or in a time within the memory of the viewers. Most characters are supposed to be types with whom we are familiar. Such closeness and familiarity make it easier for us to perceive the imaginary story to be a real one. In other circumstances, such as when violence is shown on TV, the closeness variable is used to reduce emotional intensity. Television entertainment tends to place social problems involving violence in another time and place, letting us watch those fictionalized characters search for solutions to our problems in settings safely distanced from our own. When violence occurs in a contemporary setting, it is generally the product of the interaction of police and criminals ― again, it is removed from the lives of good citizenry.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• removed 제거된, 멀어진 (= distanced)

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 24번: 단순 생존 수단에서 사회적, 미학적 의미로 확장된 음식의 역할 변화
Food, as we all know, is essential for human life. It also is the basis for several major industries found in many countries around the world such as in agriculture, food processing, food retailing and food service. For millennia, the focus of those involved with food as a human and economic phenomenon was on its production, preservation, distribution, pricing and other practical concerns. But in the late 18th century this began to change. Food became more than just a life necessity. Restaurants began to be developed, initially in France but eventually in other nations, as a distinct institution offering people dining choices and table service, the opportunity for socialization and, over time, a finer and finer atmosphere. The rise of restaurants eventually led to a class of diners who prided themselves on being critics of taste, food and cooking. Brillat-Savarin is probably the best known of the 'culinary philosophers' or, in today's parlance, a 'foodie'. One of Brillat-Savarin's better known sayings was, '[t]ell me what you eat, and I'll tell you who you are.'

* 원문 참고 어휘

• utilitarian 실용적인 (= practical)
• ambience 분위기 (= atmosphere)
• arbiter 감정가, 심판자 (= critic)
• aphorism 격언 (= saying)
• they were usually men in the earliest years 초기에는 대개 남성이었다

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 23번: 수업 토론 중 적극적 참여와 학습을 위한 필기의 중요성
The purpose of class discussions is to encourage you to be an active participant, not a passive recorder. Much of the emphasis in a discussion is on getting students involved in thinking, reacting, and responding. These are important intellectual activities in the learning process, for through them you are supposed to discover and express your opinions. Writing is an invaluable tool for accomplishing these tasks. Unfortunately, too many times, when class discussion begins, pens and pencils go down. Admittedly, it is considerably more difficult to take notes from discussions than from lectures, for, unlike lectures, discussions tend to be disorganized and difficult to follow. Also, students usually don't know how much of what other students are saying is important. And if you are an active participant, it is not easy to take notes and formulate what you want to say. But note taking in discussions is not only manageable, it is also important. Note taking helps to keep you active and alert; it allows you to impose some organization on the discussion; and it can prepare you to speak.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 22번: 정보와 의미는 다르며, 의미는 정보에 대한 해석에서 비롯됨
Information and meaning are, clearly, not the same thing. The former refers to uninterpreted data or sensory states whose probability in a certain situation can be easily measured; the latter refers to the interpretation of the data or sensory states, including the special kinds of nuances and values that the information entails, or is intended to have, in the given situation. This applies to any type of information, from alarm signals to sophisticated statements. Take, for instance, a coin-tossing game in which it is decided that throwing three heads in a row constitutes a win. If a certain player ends up consistently with the desired outcome, defeating all who challenge that player, then we tend to interpret the outcome either as the work of Fortune, or else as clever and undetectable cheating on the part of the winning player. Interpretation is at the core of everything we do, think about, and feel.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 21번: 등반 성과에 자존감을 두는 것의 위험성과 외부 요인에 의한 착각
Basing your self-worth on climbing performance puts you at the whim of external factors. These factors may be random and misleading. Comparison is one source of illusion. Perhaps you felt that you performed well on a certain climb because your partner was having an off day and found the climbing very difficult. You found it only slightly difficult and conclude that you were climbing quite well, when in fact you were climbing no better than usual. Or, your partner was at the top of his game. You felt weak in comparison, when in fact, objectively, you put in a very strong performance. Environmental factors may be involved. Perhaps you mastered your day's objective due to especially favorable conditions, such as low humidity, when in fact, you really didn't climb particularly well. In all these cases, the good or bad feelings you have are not based on something you can take credit for. If the performances boost your self-worth, the boost is grounded in fiction.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• lame 무기력한, 시시한 (= weak)

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[고3] 2025년 06월 - 20번: 통제 불가능한 미래에 대한 과도한 걱정을 멈춰야 할 필요성
Our ability to respond to danger has been important for survival, so feeling worried in uncertain situations is normal. Feelings of worry, which are activated in anticipation of future events, are often experienced in everyday situations. For example, we may feel nervous imagining unlikely events, such as a computer crashing during an important presentation. To some extent, thinking through potential scenarios can be helpful. When our worries exceed our control, however, they cause us unnecessary suffering. Consider how many times you have lost sleep thinking about a terrible situation, which, in the end, did not actually take place. If that situation actually occurred, it only goes to show that worrying about it did nothing to prevent it from happening. It is worth making a conscious effort, then, to stop worrying endlessly about events you may not experience.

* 원문 지문을 찾을 수 없어 원문 비교는 생략함

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 41~42번: 선택지가 많을수록 비교와 후회로 인해 오히려 불행감이 증가하는 현상

Shoppers confronted with the choice of thirty different varieties of gourmet chocolates are more likely to walk away without buying any, compared with when they are presented with only half a dozen choices. If employees are given a free trip to Paris, they are happy. If you give them a free trip to Hawaii, they are happy. But if you offer them the choice between the two destinations, they are less happy, no matter what they choose. Why might choice be so disruptive? The reason is that choice forces us to make comparisons and acknowledge relative disadvantages. People who choose Paris complain that it doesn't have the ocean and those who choose Hawaii regret that it doesn't have the museums. Psychologist Barry Schwartz calls this the 'tyranny of choice' because rather than providing freedom, it actually constrains our decision-making. He argues that wider choice increases unhappiness because we worry that we are going to make the wrong decision and so we get stressed about trying to process all the comparisons in an effort to get it right. This both increases our fear of making the wrong choice and raises expectations that we should be able to get the best choice. Having made the choice, we then start to regret, wondering whether it was the right one.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• miswanting 잘못된 욕구(자신을 행복하게 해 줄 수 있는 사물이 있다고 착각하며 그것을 원함)
• affective forecasting 감정 예측
• counterproductive 역효과의
• greater 더 큰 (= wider)
• fret 안달하다 (= worry)

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 40번: 뇌의 감정적 부분과 숙고적 부분의 협력이 의사 결정 효능을 높임

The study of emotions and decision making is now of considerable importance. This involves the application of various tools afforded by neuroscience. One important stream of the literature examines people with brain damage and how damage to particular parts of the brain known to be responsible for particular cognitive functions impacts on decision making. One example of this research is the work of Antonio Damasio, who finds that when the emotional part of the brain is damaged, this actually reduces the efficacy of decision making. Good decisions are a product of the emotional part of the brain working in conjunction with the deliberative part. This contradicts the assumptions of conventional economics, where emotions play a negative role in the decision‐making process. Here it is assumed that decision making can be modeled as being generated in a stoic, unemotional fashion, and that's why decisions tend to be optimal. But the evidence suggests that emotions actually play an important and, often, a positive role in decision making.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• contravene 위반하다, 모순되다 (= contradict)

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 39번: 정부의 화폐 발행 유혹으로 인한 인플레이션 방지를 위한 금본위제 선호

The big problem with money created by the government is that those who run the government always face the temptation to create more money and spend it. Whether among ancient kings or modern politicians, this has happened again and again over the centuries, leading to inflation and the many economic and social problems that follow from inflation. For this reason, many countries have preferred using gold, silver, or some other material that is inherently limited in supply, as money. It is a way of depriving governments of the power to expand the money supply to inflationary levels. Gold has long been considered ideal for this purpose, since the supply of gold in the world usually cannot be increased rapidly. When paper money is convertible into gold whenever the individual chooses to do so, then the money is said to be "backed up" by gold. This expression is misleading only if we imagine that the value of the gold is somehow transferred to the paper money, when in fact the real point is that the gold simply limits the amount of paper money that can be issued.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 38번: 이주(migration)에 대한 부정적 인식과 달리 긍정적 효과도 존재함

The word "migration" is almost always reported in the popular media and even in scientific literature as a problem or a crisis. For example, migrants are assumed to overcrowd cities, clog up labor markets, and increase poverty. The other questionable assumption is that most migration is involuntary ─ people fleeing natural or man-made disasters. The reality, however, is more complex, and many migrants are simply seeking greater economic opportunity. Of course migration can and does create social and economic problems. But migration can also be a solution for many preexisting problems. For example, out-migration generally redistributes workers from places of labor surplus to areas where there is greater demand or more opportunity. Migration is generally selective of persons who are younger, healthier, more flexible, and more willing to endure hardship in hopes of a better life relative to their prospects in their places of origin. Most research that examines long-term outcomes of migration, including remittances and intergenerational mobility, finds positive "long-term" effects on places of origin and destination.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• catastrophe 대참사 (= disaster)
• return migration 귀향 이주

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 37번: 결론에 대한 이유는 단일 주장이 아닌 여러 아이디어의 복잡한 상호작용임

A reason for a conclusion is very unlikely to consist in a single claim. No matter how we might state it in short-hand, it is, analytically, a complex interaction of many ideas and implications. The reason must be broken down into a chain of more precise premises. For example, the claim that 'university education should be free for all Australians' might be supported by the reason that 'the economy benefits from a well‐educated Australian population'. But is our analysis of the situation clearly expressed in just one statement? Hardly. The conclusion is about universities and free education, while the reason introduces some new ideas: economic benefit and a well-educated population. While the link between these two ideas and the conclusion might seem obvious, the purpose of reasoning is to avoid assuming the 'obvious' by carefully working through the connections between the various ideas in the initial statement of our reason.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 36번: 문자 기록을 위한 적합한 재료(종이)의 부재가 문어 문화로의 전환을 지연시킴

The transition from an oral culture, in which knowledge was handed down through stories, songs, and apprenticeships, to a literate one, based on the written word, was held back for centuries by the lack of suitable writing material. Stone and clay tablets were used, but they were prone to fracture and were bulky and heavy to transport. Wood suffers from splitting and is susceptible to decay. Wall paintings are static and space is limited. The invention of paper, said to be one of the four great inventions of the Chinese, solved these problems, but it wasn't until the Romans replaced the scroll with the codex ─ or, as we call it now, the book ─ that the material reached its full potential. That was two thousand years ago, and it is still a dominant form of the written word. That paper, a much softer material than either stone or wood, won out as the guardian of the written word is a remarkable materials story.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 35번: 발과 다리가 감정을 가장 정직하게 반영하는 이유와 진화적 배경

The writer and zoologist Desmond Morris observed that our feet communicate exactly what we think and feel more honestly than any other part of our bodies. Why are the feet and legs such accurate reflectors of our sentiments? For millions of years, long before humans spoke, our legs and feet reacted to environmental threats (e.g., hot sand, ill-tempered lions) instantaneously, without the need for conscious thought. Our limbic brains made sure that our feet and legs reacted as needed by either ceasing motion, running away, or kicking at a potential threat. This survival regimen, retained from our ancestral heritage, has served us well and continues to do so today. In fact, these age-old reactions are still so hardwired in us that when we are presented with something dangerous or even disagreeable, our feet and legs still react as they did in prehistoric times.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• meandering 구불구불한

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 34번: 뇌가 외부 세계와 소통하는 유일한 통로인 감각 기관의 중요성

Sensory organs are the only channels of communication between the brain and the outside world. Simply put, the brain is not designed to sense on its own. For instance, an exposed brain would neither sense light shining on it nor feel something touching it. In fact, patients are often kept awake during brain surgery, which can help a surgeon isolate specific regions of the brain. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle recognized this characteristic of the brain over 2,000 years ago when he said, "Nothing is in the mind that does not pass through the senses." This concept can be seen clearly when volunteers are blind-folded and placed in the warm water of a sensory deprivation tank. They soon experience visual, auditory, and tactile (touch) hallucinations, as well as incoherent thought patterns. From these experiments and others, it is apparent that we need constant input from our senses to carry out functions that give us personality and intellect.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 33번: 환경 변화로 인해 과거에는 합리적이었던 생존 전략이 비합리적이 된 사례 (바다거북)

Turtle hatchlings have, it seems, evolved to crawl toward the light. For millions of years this was a highly rational and effective strategy because the light on a dark beach represented the reflection of the moon and stars on the water's surface. Following the lights led baby turtles back home to the sea. The problems started when humans began building beachfront homes and sparkling hotels on the other side of the beach. Now after hatching, turtles heading for the brightest nearby lights were being guided straight into traffic. Are self-destructive sea turtles naturally irrational? Yes, in the modern world. But there's a deeper truth. Turtles are basing their decisions on simple cues that were perfectly rational for their ancestors; these days, however, their evolved decision‐making mechanisms are being blinded by modern lights.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 32번: Steve Jobs가 신기술 이해를 돕기 위해 사용한 유추 전략

Steve Jobs used analogy to get people to embrace the new technology. Before computers, people worked in a physical world. We used paper and pens and physical file folders and so on. The idea of working in a virtual world was radically different. Or at least seemed radically different. What Jobs understood was that a physical office was fundamentally similar to a virtual office. To win over the masses, Jobs drew strong analogies between the traditional workplace people knew well with the new, unfamiliar virtual workplace. In the pre-computer workplace, when ideas were written on paper it was called . . . a document. When those documents needed to be stored they were put in . . . a folder. And those folders were kept on . . . a desk. Documents, folders, and desktops are the terms we use in our virtual work because Steve Jobs understood that using familiar terms would make the new technology easier to understand. The parallels between the physical and virtual workplace now seem obvious.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 31번: 정보가 자신과 관련될 때 더 효과적으로 처리되는 자기 참조 효과

We might forget an anecdote about a stranger because it makes few connections with our existing associations, but we won't forget a piece of gossip about our cousin. There's one complex network that is larger and quicker to access than all others ─ the self. We've been thinking about ourselves in our whole lives. (In fact, there were entire years during junior high when we weren't capable of thinking about much else.) So if a new piece of information has something to do with us, it will be more easily and thoroughly processed. It hits even closer to home than our actual home ─ we can take a vacation away from our home, but not from ourselves. The most effective communicators find ways to make the abstract personal. Consider the warning that law schools give to motivate first-year law students concerning the rigors of their program. Hearing that "the first-year dropout rate is 33%" is an abstract statistic. "Look to your left, look to your right. One of the three of you won't be joining us next fall" wakes up the self.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 30번: 유가 하락이 경제에 미치는 긍정적 영향과 유가 상승의 부정적 영향

Low oil prices are a good thing, because it means lower energy costs of production for the majority of industries, not least the automobile and the logistics industries. Firms directly benefit from the decrease in their costs of production and provision of services. This has the effect of stimulating the aggregate supply and provides a stimulus for growth. Conversely, a sudden rise in oil prices due to a shrink in oil production is never good news, even though it definitely gives a big boost to the energy sector. A look through the history of oil price fluctuations confirms this notion, as this has been the subject of much economic research. Following an oil price jump of 10 per cent due to a contraction in supply, an economy (as typified by the US economy) typically sees its output (GDP) slowed by close to 1 percentage point. For a $15 trillion economy, that is a loss of $150 billion in potential wealth or economic growth. Conversely, there has never been much concern with oil price decreases following an excess in its supply.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• palpable 뚜렷한
• apprehension 우려
• crashing 폭락하는
• fret 초조해하다
• swathes 상당 부분(= majority)
• hike 급등(= sudden rise)
• glut 공급 과잉(= excess)

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