[고2] 2025년 06월 – 41~42번: 선택지가 많을수록 비교와 후회로 인해 오히려 불행감이 증가하는 현상

Shoppers confronted with the choice of thirty different varieties of gourmet chocolates are more likely to walk away without buying any, compared with when they are presented with only half a dozen choices. If employees are given a free trip to Paris, they are happy. If you give them a free trip to Hawaii, they are happy. But if you offer them the choice between the two destinations, they are less happy, no matter what they choose. Why might choice be so disruptive? The reason is that choice forces us to make comparisons and acknowledge relative disadvantages. People who choose Paris complain that it doesn't have the ocean and those who choose Hawaii regret that it doesn't have the museums. Psychologist Barry Schwartz calls this the 'tyranny of choice' because rather than providing freedom, it actually constrains our decision-making. He argues that wider choice increases unhappiness because we worry that we are going to make the wrong decision and so we get stressed about trying to process all the comparisons in an effort to get it right. This both increases our fear of making the wrong choice and raises expectations that we should be able to get the best choice. Having made the choice, we then start to regret, wondering whether it was the right one.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• miswanting 잘못된 욕구(자신을 행복하게 해 줄 수 있는 사물이 있다고 착각하며 그것을 원함)
• affective forecasting 감정 예측
• counterproductive 역효과의
• greater 더 큰 (= wider)
• fret 안달하다 (= worry)

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 40번: 뇌의 감정적 부분과 숙고적 부분의 협력이 의사 결정 효능을 높임

The study of emotions and decision making is now of considerable importance. This involves the application of various tools afforded by neuroscience. One important stream of the literature examines people with brain damage and how damage to particular parts of the brain known to be responsible for particular cognitive functions impacts on decision making. One example of this research is the work of Antonio Damasio, who finds that when the emotional part of the brain is damaged, this actually reduces the efficacy of decision making. Good decisions are a product of the emotional part of the brain working in conjunction with the deliberative part. This contradicts the assumptions of conventional economics, where emotions play a negative role in the decision‐making process. Here it is assumed that decision making can be modeled as being generated in a stoic, unemotional fashion, and that's why decisions tend to be optimal. But the evidence suggests that emotions actually play an important and, often, a positive role in decision making.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• contravene 위반하다, 모순되다 (= contradict)

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 39번: 정부의 화폐 발행 유혹으로 인한 인플레이션 방지를 위한 금본위제 선호

The big problem with money created by the government is that those who run the government always face the temptation to create more money and spend it. Whether among ancient kings or modern politicians, this has happened again and again over the centuries, leading to inflation and the many economic and social problems that follow from inflation. For this reason, many countries have preferred using gold, silver, or some other material that is inherently limited in supply, as money. It is a way of depriving governments of the power to expand the money supply to inflationary levels. Gold has long been considered ideal for this purpose, since the supply of gold in the world usually cannot be increased rapidly. When paper money is convertible into gold whenever the individual chooses to do so, then the money is said to be "backed up" by gold. This expression is misleading only if we imagine that the value of the gold is somehow transferred to the paper money, when in fact the real point is that the gold simply limits the amount of paper money that can be issued.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 38번: 이주(migration)에 대한 부정적 인식과 달리 긍정적 효과도 존재함

The word "migration" is almost always reported in the popular media and even in scientific literature as a problem or a crisis. For example, migrants are assumed to overcrowd cities, clog up labor markets, and increase poverty. The other questionable assumption is that most migration is involuntary ─ people fleeing natural or man-made disasters. The reality, however, is more complex, and many migrants are simply seeking greater economic opportunity. Of course migration can and does create social and economic problems. But migration can also be a solution for many preexisting problems. For example, out-migration generally redistributes workers from places of labor surplus to areas where there is greater demand or more opportunity. Migration is generally selective of persons who are younger, healthier, more flexible, and more willing to endure hardship in hopes of a better life relative to their prospects in their places of origin. Most research that examines long-term outcomes of migration, including remittances and intergenerational mobility, finds positive "long-term" effects on places of origin and destination.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• catastrophe 대참사 (= disaster)
• return migration 귀향 이주

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 37번: 결론에 대한 이유는 단일 주장이 아닌 여러 아이디어의 복잡한 상호작용임

A reason for a conclusion is very unlikely to consist in a single claim. No matter how we might state it in short-hand, it is, analytically, a complex interaction of many ideas and implications. The reason must be broken down into a chain of more precise premises. For example, the claim that 'university education should be free for all Australians' might be supported by the reason that 'the economy benefits from a well‐educated Australian population'. But is our analysis of the situation clearly expressed in just one statement? Hardly. The conclusion is about universities and free education, while the reason introduces some new ideas: economic benefit and a well-educated population. While the link between these two ideas and the conclusion might seem obvious, the purpose of reasoning is to avoid assuming the 'obvious' by carefully working through the connections between the various ideas in the initial statement of our reason.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 36번: 문자 기록을 위한 적합한 재료(종이)의 부재가 문어 문화로의 전환을 지연시킴

The transition from an oral culture, in which knowledge was handed down through stories, songs, and apprenticeships, to a literate one, based on the written word, was held back for centuries by the lack of suitable writing material. Stone and clay tablets were used, but they were prone to fracture and were bulky and heavy to transport. Wood suffers from splitting and is susceptible to decay. Wall paintings are static and space is limited. The invention of paper, said to be one of the four great inventions of the Chinese, solved these problems, but it wasn't until the Romans replaced the scroll with the codex ─ or, as we call it now, the book ─ that the material reached its full potential. That was two thousand years ago, and it is still a dominant form of the written word. That paper, a much softer material than either stone or wood, won out as the guardian of the written word is a remarkable materials story.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 35번: 발과 다리가 감정을 가장 정직하게 반영하는 이유와 진화적 배경

The writer and zoologist Desmond Morris observed that our feet communicate exactly what we think and feel more honestly than any other part of our bodies. Why are the feet and legs such accurate reflectors of our sentiments? For millions of years, long before humans spoke, our legs and feet reacted to environmental threats (e.g., hot sand, ill-tempered lions) instantaneously, without the need for conscious thought. Our limbic brains made sure that our feet and legs reacted as needed by either ceasing motion, running away, or kicking at a potential threat. This survival regimen, retained from our ancestral heritage, has served us well and continues to do so today. In fact, these age-old reactions are still so hardwired in us that when we are presented with something dangerous or even disagreeable, our feet and legs still react as they did in prehistoric times.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• meandering 구불구불한

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 34번: 뇌가 외부 세계와 소통하는 유일한 통로인 감각 기관의 중요성

Sensory organs are the only channels of communication between the brain and the outside world. Simply put, the brain is not designed to sense on its own. For instance, an exposed brain would neither sense light shining on it nor feel something touching it. In fact, patients are often kept awake during brain surgery, which can help a surgeon isolate specific regions of the brain. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle recognized this characteristic of the brain over 2,000 years ago when he said, "Nothing is in the mind that does not pass through the senses." This concept can be seen clearly when volunteers are blind-folded and placed in the warm water of a sensory deprivation tank. They soon experience visual, auditory, and tactile (touch) hallucinations, as well as incoherent thought patterns. From these experiments and others, it is apparent that we need constant input from our senses to carry out functions that give us personality and intellect.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 33번: 환경 변화로 인해 과거에는 합리적이었던 생존 전략이 비합리적이 된 사례 (바다거북)

Turtle hatchlings have, it seems, evolved to crawl toward the light. For millions of years this was a highly rational and effective strategy because the light on a dark beach represented the reflection of the moon and stars on the water's surface. Following the lights led baby turtles back home to the sea. The problems started when humans began building beachfront homes and sparkling hotels on the other side of the beach. Now after hatching, turtles heading for the brightest nearby lights were being guided straight into traffic. Are self-destructive sea turtles naturally irrational? Yes, in the modern world. But there's a deeper truth. Turtles are basing their decisions on simple cues that were perfectly rational for their ancestors; these days, however, their evolved decision‐making mechanisms are being blinded by modern lights.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 32번: Steve Jobs가 신기술 이해를 돕기 위해 사용한 유추 전략

Steve Jobs used analogy to get people to embrace the new technology. Before computers, people worked in a physical world. We used paper and pens and physical file folders and so on. The idea of working in a virtual world was radically different. Or at least seemed radically different. What Jobs understood was that a physical office was fundamentally similar to a virtual office. To win over the masses, Jobs drew strong analogies between the traditional workplace people knew well with the new, unfamiliar virtual workplace. In the pre-computer workplace, when ideas were written on paper it was called . . . a document. When those documents needed to be stored they were put in . . . a folder. And those folders were kept on . . . a desk. Documents, folders, and desktops are the terms we use in our virtual work because Steve Jobs understood that using familiar terms would make the new technology easier to understand. The parallels between the physical and virtual workplace now seem obvious.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 31번: 정보가 자신과 관련될 때 더 효과적으로 처리되는 자기 참조 효과

We might forget an anecdote about a stranger because it makes few connections with our existing associations, but we won't forget a piece of gossip about our cousin. There's one complex network that is larger and quicker to access than all others ─ the self. We've been thinking about ourselves in our whole lives. (In fact, there were entire years during junior high when we weren't capable of thinking about much else.) So if a new piece of information has something to do with us, it will be more easily and thoroughly processed. It hits even closer to home than our actual home ─ we can take a vacation away from our home, but not from ourselves. The most effective communicators find ways to make the abstract personal. Consider the warning that law schools give to motivate first-year law students concerning the rigors of their program. Hearing that "the first-year dropout rate is 33%" is an abstract statistic. "Look to your left, look to your right. One of the three of you won't be joining us next fall" wakes up the self.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 30번: 유가 하락이 경제에 미치는 긍정적 영향과 유가 상승의 부정적 영향

Low oil prices are a good thing, because it means lower energy costs of production for the majority of industries, not least the automobile and the logistics industries. Firms directly benefit from the decrease in their costs of production and provision of services. This has the effect of stimulating the aggregate supply and provides a stimulus for growth. Conversely, a sudden rise in oil prices due to a shrink in oil production is never good news, even though it definitely gives a big boost to the energy sector. A look through the history of oil price fluctuations confirms this notion, as this has been the subject of much economic research. Following an oil price jump of 10 per cent due to a contraction in supply, an economy (as typified by the US economy) typically sees its output (GDP) slowed by close to 1 percentage point. For a $15 trillion economy, that is a loss of $150 billion in potential wealth or economic growth. Conversely, there has never been much concern with oil price decreases following an excess in its supply.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• palpable 뚜렷한
• apprehension 우려
• crashing 폭락하는
• fret 초조해하다
• swathes 상당 부분(= majority)
• hike 급등(= sudden rise)
• glut 공급 과잉(= excess)

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 29번: 그림에서 깊이감을 표현하기 위한 원근법 사용 시 관찰의 중요성

In art, there are a number of ways to use perspective to obtain the illusion of depth, including using colors and graduated values of black and white, and accurately drawing the subject by applying the rules of the geometric system of perspective. In order to achieve perspective, you must make a number of observations. The forms or objects that you draw on a flat surface actually have depth and dimension in real life. As you view them and place their shapes and forms on a drawing surface, try to represent that depth to make the objects appear realistic and three-dimensional. Objects appear differently when viewed from various positions. Because of this, it's important to establish the viewpoint, and stick with it. When observing a subject, you see depth and three dimensions. When you draw this subject onto a flat surface as it appears to the eye, you are drawing in perspective.

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 24번: 주로 사용하는 손(좌우잡이)이 태어나기 전부터 결정된다는 연구 결과

Of central importance for understanding the development of handedness is the answer to the question of when in development it is actually determined whether a child will be left-handed or right-handed. It was long thought that handedness could only be reliably determined in elementary school, when a child learns to write. However, this assumption is incorrect. In fact, scientific studies show that left‐handedness is established in many children long before elementary school ─ interestingly, even before birth in most people. In such studies, the hand and arm movements of unborn children in the womb are recorded using ultrasound images. Using this technique, it was shown that a clear preference for the movement of the right arm exists as early as 10 weeks after fertilization. In this study, ultrasound images of 72 unborn children 10 weeks after fertilization were evaluated and 85% showed more movements of the right arm than the left. This number is already very close to the approximately 89.4% right-handers among adults.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 23번: 보상이 가까울수록 더 큰 가치를 부여하는 쌍곡형 할인 현상

Would you rather receive $1,000 in a year or $1,100 in a year and a month? Most people will opt for the larger sum in thirteen months ─ where else will you find a monthly interest rate of 10 percent. A wise choice, since the interest will compensate you generously for any risks you face by waiting the extra few weeks. Second question: Would you prefer $1,000 today cash on the table or $1,100 in a month? If you think like most people, you'll take the $1,000 right away. This is amazing. In both cases, if you hold out for just a month longer, you get $100 more. In the first case, it's simple enough. You figure: "I've already waited twelve months; what's one more?" Not in the second case. The introduction of "now" causes us to make inconsistent decisions. Science calls this phenomenon hyperbolic discounting. The closer a reward is, the higher our "emotional interest rate" rises and the more we are willing to give up in exchange for it.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• 10 % (or 120 % per annum!) 연 10 %(또는 연 120 %)
• straight away 즉시 (= right away)
• Put plainly 쉽게 말해
• majority 대다수 (= most)
• grasp 이해하다 (= understand)
• subjectively 주관적으로
• inconsistently 일관성 없이
• constant 일정한
• correspondingly 상응하게
• questionable 의심스러운

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 22번: 자연(꽃)이 냄새를 이용해 손님(유기체)을 유인하는 방식

All of the restaurants are using carefully chosen words to evoke vivid mental images of delicious food and rich desserts in order to draw the potential customer to their particular establishment. Just like the restaurants, nature has its own dining establishments. In a fashion similar to the restaurants' financial dependence upon drawing in many customers, the restaurateurs of the natural world (i.e., flowers) must also attract potential diners to sample their offerings. In the natural world, there are no neon signs or flashy words in which to market a potential meal to hungry animals. These restaurants that I am referring to are the world's flowers, and the potential guests are the host of organisms that visit flowers to obtain nectar and other valuable resources. Instead of using a written language or neon sign, they advertise their offerings just as effectively using the language of smell.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• consumer 소비자들 (= customer)
• entice 유혹하다, 끌어들이다 (= attract)
• billboards 광고판들
• patron 단골손님, 후원자 (= guest)

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 21번: 부에 대한 만족은 절대적인 양이 아닌 기대치와의 상대적 관계에 따름

It is difficult, if not impossible, to define the limits which reason should impose on the desire for wealth; for there is no absolute or definite amount of wealth which will satisfy a man. The amount is always relative, that is to say, just so much as will maintain the proportion between what he wants and what he gets; for to measure a man's happiness only by what he gets, and not also by what he expects to get, is as pointless as to try and express a fraction which shall have a numerator but no denominator. A man never feels the loss of things which it never occurs to him to ask for; he is just as happy without them; whilst another, who may have a hundred times as much, feels miserable because he has not got the one thing he wants. In fact, every man has a horizon of his own, and he will expect as much as he thinks it is possible for him to get.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• futile 헛된, 무익한 (= pointless)
• come in the way 방해하다

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 20번: 고립되지 않고 타인과 교류해야 하는 리더의 자세

Imagine you have the best tea in the world and you put it into a bag that's impermeable. It won't work. You just won't be able to make a cup of tea. For the teabag to work, it needs to be porous. You need the tea and the water to come in contact with each other. In our lives too, we cannot survive and thrive in isolation. Leaders need to be careful not to build walls around themselves that prevent people from reaching out to them. As a leader, you need to be able to touch other people. The tea was meant to mix with the water. Similarly all of us were designed to work with other people, with teams, and with society at large.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• porous 다공성의, 투과성의

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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

오늘은 <2025년도 6월 고2 영어 모의고사>의 지문별 핵심 한글 정리 자료 올립니다.

ChatGPT 유료 버전(ChatGPT-4.1-mini)으로 작업했고,
설명문/실용문을 제외한 전지문에 대해 작업했습니다. 
(PDF 및 Word 파일)  

지문 분석하거나 자료 제작하실 때 참고하세요~♡

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파일 다운로드

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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

오늘은 <2025년도 6월 고2 영어 모의고사>의 지문 요약 자료 올립니다.

ChatGPT 유료 버전(ChatGPT-4.1-mini)으로 작업했고,
설명문/실용문을 제외한 전지문을 포함했습니다. 
(PDF 및 Word 파일)  

지문 분석하거나 자료 제작하실 때 참고하세요~♡

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파일 다운로드

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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

오늘은 <2025년도 6월 고2 영어 모의고사>의 한줄해석(좌지문 우해석) 자료 올립니다.
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* 32번 지문 오류 수정 (2025. 6. 14)

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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.
 
<2025년도 6월 고2 영어 모의고사>의 한줄해석 자료 올립니다.
설명문/실용문을 포함 모든 지문을 대상으로 작업했습니다.
 
자료는 PDF와 Word 파일 모두 올립니다.  
지문 분석하거나 자료 제작하실 때 참고하세요.

혼공하는 학생들이나 자료 필요한 분들에게
유용한 자료가 될 수 있길 바랍니다 :)

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* 32번 지문 오류 수정 (2025. 6. 14)

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