②With our lease coming to an end, we've finally made the decision.
저희의임대계약이종료됨에따라,저희는마침내결정을내렸습니다.
③While we've loved our time on 125th Street, our business has changed a lot in the last few years and we realized we wanted a location with more baking space that would better serve the community we live in.
⑦Thank you for your continued support, and we look forward to welcoming you to our new home!
여러분의지속적인성원에감사드리며,새로운보금자리에서여러분을맞이할수있기를고대합니다!
⑧Warm regards, Becky Bloom
Becky Bloom드림
[Ch.01 Unit 01 - 1번]음악저작권침해
①Dear valued players,
소중한이용자여러분께
②Recently, we at Silver Lining Studio discovered that two songs in our "Behind the Frame" game soundtrack might have been used without permission from their creators, thus violating the rights of others' works.
최근저희Silver Lining Studio는"Behind the Frame"게임사운드트랙의두곡이원작자의허락없이사용되어타인의저작물에대한권리를침해했을수도있다는것을발견했습니다.
③We extend our deepest apologies for this matter and sincerely regret any harm or disappointment this may have caused to the original composers and all of you who play our game.
⑪Sincerely, Rachel Garcia Customer Support Manager
고객지원매니저Rachel Garcia드림
[Ch.01 Unit 01 - 3번]제품색상오류
①Dear Valued Customer,
소중한고객님께
②We at May Summer Online Clothing Store thank you for choosing our new fall sweater.
저희의신상품가을스웨터를선택해주셔서우리May Summer온라인의류점은감사드립니다.
③We are truly grateful for your purchase and overwhelmed by the popularity of our latest collection.
저희는귀하의구매에진심으로감사드리며,최신컬렉션의인기에압도되고있습니다.
④However, we also deeply regret any disappointment you may feel due to the color difference between the clothes displayed on our website (dark red) and the actual product (bright scarlet).
⑤We understand the disappointment this may have caused upon delivery.
배송시이로인해생겼을수도있는실망감을저희는이해합니다.
⑥Your satisfaction is our priority, and we are committed to making things right.
고객님의만족이저희의최우선사항이며저희는문제를바로잡는것에전념하고있습니다.
⑦Please provide your address and preferred pick-up date on our website, and we will promptly arrange for the return of the item and process your refund accordingly.
⑧We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this has caused and assure you that we are taking steps to ensure accurate representation of our products in the future.
④My father had mentioned that we couldn't afford to keep them all and should find them new homes.
아버지는이들을모두키울형편이안되니새집을찾아줘야한다고언급했었다.
⑤I dashed toward the house to stop my father, but I overheard him saying, "You don't quite catch my meaning, Mr. Grear. I'm not asking for a higher price for this puppy."
①The wagons full of young friends started arriving.
젊은친구들로가득찬마차가도착하기시작했다.
②Everyone in and around the neighborhood knew the Jensen family, and was pleased to have been invited.
동네와인근의모든사람이Jensen가족을알고있었고,초대받은것을기뻐했다.
③Katie and Dolly were perfect hosts welcoming each guest.
Katie와Dolly는각각의손님을맞이하는완벽한주인이었다.
④When everyone had arrived, they gathered in the kitchen for the taffy making.
모두가도착하자,그들은태피만들기를위해주방에모였다.
⑤Katie mixed all the ingredients for the taffy candy, while the young men carried in wood for the old cook stove.
Katie는태피사탕을위한모든재료를섞었고,젊은남자들은오래된조리용화덕에사용할땔감을가져왔다.
⑥She placed the ingredients in the huge iron frying pans, and soon the delicious smell of candy floated throughout the house.
그녀가커다란철제프라이팬에재료를넣자곧맛있는사탕냄새가집안가득퍼졌다.
⑦There was a glass of cold water for testing the doneness of the candy.
사탕의완성도를테스트하기위한찬물한잔이놓여있었다.
⑧If the candy formed a soft ball when dropped in the glass of water, it was time to take it out of the frying pans and start beating it with a wooden spoon.
③To apply this principle, we need to accept and value differences and diversity in our patients.
이원칙을적용하려면,우리는환자의차이와다양성을인정하고가치있게여겨야한다.
④Patients come from different cultural, racial and religious backgrounds.
환자는다양한문화적,인종적,종교적배경을가지고있다.
⑤Therefore, fairness and justice in this respect involves respecting and recognising their differences, not acting in a way that disadvantages the patient.
⑥In this regard, we need to consider other people's cultural differences when treating them.
이러한점에서,우리는다른사람을대할때그들의문화적차이를고려해야한다.
⑦Importantly, justice is about advocating on behalf of all patients, whether they come in with a Western philosophical perspective or another philosophical perspective.
⑧Justice is not about treating all patients the same because it is not possible to justifiably treat all patients the same, since all patients are different and present with different ailments or complaints.
①Why have cities only recently seen a sudden increase in "greening" ─ from green roofs to new parks to tree planting to more energy efficient buses ─ despite the fact that sweeping federal environmental legislation was enacted more than 30 years ago?
②Quite simply, city leaders are recognizing that a cleaner environment is needed both to provide residents with a good quality of life and to compete in the global economy.
③America's manufacturing-based economy of the twentieth century has been transformed into a service-based knowledge economy.
20세기제조업기반의미국경제는서비스기반의지식경제로변모했다.
④For the information age economy, environmental quality is a major economic asset.
정보화시대경제에서,환경의질은주요한경제적자산이다.
⑤Skilled workers are increasingly footloose, able to settle just about anywhere there is broadband Internet access, and they are drawn to healthy. aesthetically pleasing environments.
⑦A quality environment produces jobs; a polluted environment costs jobs.
양질의환경은일자리를창출하고,오염된환경은일자리를잃게한다.
[Ch.01 Unit 03 - 2번]필수정보를포함하는메모
①The brevity of memos can be wonderful, but you do need to make sure you communicate everything, or you'll just end up creating more work for yourself.
②For example, if you're using a memo to take a telephone message, make sure you include who called and when, what their message was, and how to call them back.
③If you forget any of these details, your memo will be practically pointless.
이러한세부사항중하나라도잊어버리면,여러분의메모는사실상무의미할것이다.
④As you can see, it's very important not to sacrifice the content of your memo simply because memos are normally brief.
여러분이알수있듯이,메모가보통간결하다는이유만으로메모의내용을희생시키지않는것이매우중요하다.
⑤If you can't fit all of the information you need into a memo, opt instead to write a letter or an e-mail.
만일여러분이필요한모든정보를메모에담을수없다면,대신에편지나이메일쓰는것을선택하라.
⑥It's better to include all of the information you need to transmit than it is to omit critical details simply for the sake of making your message short.
①It is relatively uncontroversial that there are small structural and functional differences between male and female brains, perhaps contributing to some performance differences on tests of spatial and verbal abilities.
②Of paramount importance, but usually overlooked, is that similarities between the sexes far outweigh differences: differences between men and women are not as large as differences among members of the same sex.
③Even those scientists who have discovered functional performance differences between the brains of males and females are careful to point out that their research is tentative and suggestive, and that while their research attends to differences, similarities abound:
④"Fundamentally, the brains of men and women are more similar than different."
"근본적으로남성과여성의뇌는서로다르기보다는비슷하다."
[Ch.01 Unit 04 -수능대비ANALYSIS]주식시장의무작위성
①"Human nature likes order," wrote the economist Burton Malkiel in his seminal book A Random Walk Down Wall Street.
"인간의본성은질서를좋아한다."라고경제학자Burton Malkiel은그의영향력이큰책A Random Walk Down Wall Street에썼다.
②"People find it hard to accept the notion of randomness."
"사람들은무작위성이라는개념을받아들이기힘들어한다."
③Malkiel popularized the idea that the movement of any individual stock in the market is essentially random ─ it's impossible to know why a stock is doing what it's doing.
④People who reliably make money from the market are those who own a diverse portfolio of different kinds of investments, which spreads out the risk, with the broader principle that the market, over the long haul, will eventually increase in value.
②Bears, cougars, and other wild animals sometimes remind us of their formidable presence.
곰,쿠거,그리고다른야생동물은때때로자신의무시무시한존재감을우리에게상기시킨다.
③Despite the infrequency, there are a considerable number of accumulated instances where these guardians of the wilderness become aggressors, resulting in tragic outcomes for unsuspecting explorers.
⑥Similarly, in 2015, a comparable incident occurred, with initial suspicions falling on a nearby wolf pack.
마찬가지로, 2015년에비슷한사건이발생했는데,처음에는인근늑대무리에게의심이쏠렸다.
⑦However, upon closer investigation, it became apparent that the wolves were innocent bystanders in the man's tragic fate, emphasizing the complexity inherent in such wilderness tragedies.
③More important, competitions oblige the architect to work in a vacuum.
더중요한것은공모전이건축가를외부와단절된상태에서작업하게한다는점이다.
④In later life, I. M. Pei refused to enter competitions, since he considered that the best architecture could emerge only from a considered dialogue between architect and client.
말년에, I. M. Pei는공모전에참가하기를거부했는데,건축가와의뢰인간의신중한대화를통해서만최고의건축물이나올수있다고생각했기때문이다.
⑤Nevertheless, the public favors competitions, since they provide an opportunity for young talent to be recognized in a field that tends to privilege age and experience.
⑥Clients like competitions, since they provide an opportunity to choose between several designs ─ and several architects ─ while fund-raisers use competitions as a way to raise public interest in a building project.
⑦Everyone loves a horse race ─ except, perhaps, the horses.
아마도말을제외하고는,모두가경마를좋아하는것같다.
[Ch.01 Unit 04 - 3번]무의식이주는신호
①In an experiment conducted by Antoine Bechara, participants were given $2,000 in play money and four decks of cards and were told that they were to use them in a game.
Antoine Bechara가실시한실험에서참가자들은2,000달러의게임용돈과네벌의카드를받았고,그것을게임에사용하게될것이라는말을들었다.
②Different individual cards won or lost different sums of money.
서로다른개별카드마다따거나잃는총금액이달랐다.
③They should just go ahead and turn the cards and try to win as much money as they could.
참가자들은그저카드를뒤집기시작하여가능한한많은돈을따려고노력해야했다.
④But the cards were not random.
그러나카드는무작위가아니었다.
⑤In fact, some of the piles were far more profitable than others.
사실,일부(카드)더미는다른것들보다훨씬더많은이익을가져다주었다.
⑥On average, it took the gamblers around fifty card-turns before they began to report a conscious 'hunch' that some of the decks were more profitable.
⑦But when their behaviour was analysed, Bechara discovered something remarkable.
하지만그들의행동이분석되었을때Bechara는놀라운사실을발견했다.
⑧Measurements of the electrical conductance of their skin, which can reveal levels of anxiety and nervousness, indicated that their emotions were subtly warning them against the bad decks after just ten turns.
①The introduction of scientific methods into medical practice transformed the profession as well as its object.
과학적방법이의료행위에도입되면서그것의목적뿐만아니라(의료)전문직도바뀌였다.
②Until the late nineteenth century, doctors were not required to have studied medicine and were relied on mainly to provide comfort and guidance to their patients.
③As the practice of medicine shifted from cure to prevention, doctors were now expected to provide results based on scientific evidence.
의료행위가치료에서예방으로옮겨가면서의사들은이제과학적증거에기반한결과를제공하도록기대되었다.
④As a result of this access to forms of knowledge beyond the understanding of the general public, more authority and power was granted to the medical profession, and the nature of the doctor/patient relationship changed.
⑤Once the source of a disease was identified, patients expected that doctors should be able to cure them.
질병의원인이확인되면환자들은의사가자신을치료할수있을것으로기대했다.
⑥Additionally, those doctors with scientific training were now distinguished from a range of alternative healers, from homeopaths to midwives, resulting in an elevation in the eyes of the public of the status of the profession as compared with other healing practices, which persists today.
①For millions of years, sea turtles would come to the beaches of Florida to spawn and their hatchlings would head toward the sea ─ to live a life far away ─ and to return to Florida years later.
③The sea beautifully reflects the light of the moon and the stars, and for millions of years, a simple algorithm of "head toward the light at night" allowed the turtles to effectively head toward the sea to pursue an effective life strategy.
⑤Miami and the other big cities on the coast of Florida are filled with lots of bright lights at night, so this led to an ecological disaster for the sea turtles.
⑥Shaped by evolution to head toward light at night, hatchlings started toward the highways and cities by the millions ─ meeting premature death instead of a long sea-dwelling life.
①Those who migrate out of poor countries today need to have the money to afford the cost of travel and have the grit (or the advanced degrees) required to overcome a system of immigration control typically loaded against them.
②For this reason, a lot of them bring exceptional talents ─ skills, ambition, patience, and stamina ─ that help them become job creators, or raise children who will be job creators.
③A report by the Center for American Entrepreneurship found that, in 2017, out of the largest five hundred US companies by revenue, 43 percent were founded or co-founded by immigrants or the children of immigrants.
④Moreover, immigrant-founded firms account for 52 percent of the top twenty-five firms, 57 percent of the top thirty-five firms, and nine of the top thirteen most valuable brands.
①Traditionally, garbage is considered the detritus of consumer and industrial practices.
전통적으로쓰레기는소비자및산업관행의부산물로여겨진다.
②It is the stuff that is no longer useful, that we no longer wish to have in our homes or personal spaces, that we want to throw away.
그것은더이상유용하지않고,우리가집이나개인공간에더이상두고싶지않으며,우리가버리고싶은것이다.
③Perhaps precisely due to the proliferation of trash in material space, it has arguably also become a resource ─ something that has value and can be sold on at a profit.
④Artists ─ most often at the leading edge of rethinking materiality, value, and beauty ─ are among the first social actors to have taken seriously the possibility of reusing trash to make new things.
⑤Taking the discarded objects of others as found materials, many artists work with trash in order to create new aesthetic objects while at the same time making a commentary on the place of trash in the social and cultural world.
①The contents of your consciousness are continually changing.
의식의내용은끊임없이변화하고있다.
②Rarely does consciousness come to a standstill.
의식이정지하는경우는거의없다.
③It moves, it flows, it fluctuates, it wanders.
그것은움직이고,흐르고,계속변화하고,방황한다.
④For example, in one study, 2,250 adults were contacted randomly during waking hours and asked whether their mind was wandering from their current activity.
①The graph above shows the share of the population of people in young, working age, and older groups in four selected countries in 2021.
위도표는2021년선별된4개국의유소년층,경제활동연령층,고령층의인구점유율을보여준다.
②Among the countries, Japan exhibited the lowest proportion of young individuals and the highest proportion of older individuals, indicating its status as an aging society.
③In contrast, Kenya stood out with 38 percent of its population falling into the young age group and only 3 percent in the older group, making it the country with the largest percentage point difference between these two age groups.
④Of the four countries, the United States displayed the smallest gap between the percentage of young and older groups, with just a 1 percentage point difference.
4개국중에,미국은유소년층과고령층비율간가장작은격차를보였는데, 1퍼센트포인트차이에불과했다.
⑤Across all four countries, the working age group accounted for the largest proportion, exceeding 50 percent in each country.
4개국모두에걸쳐,경제활동연령층이가장큰비율을차지했는데,이는모든나라에서50퍼센트를넘었다.
⑥Italy had the highest percentage of working age people among the four countries, at 64 percent.
이탈리아는4개국중가장높은경제활동연령인의비율을보였는데, 64퍼센트였다.
[Ch.02 Unit 06 - 1번] Concertoi피아노수업
①⟪Concertoi Piano Lessons by Tammy Keller⟫
⟪Tammy Keller의Concertoi피아노수업⟫
②Accepting Only 8 Students!
단여덟명의학생만받습니다!
③Registration Fee: $40 (includes the first week's lesson, lesson books, theory books, and supplemental materials)
등록비: 40달러(첫주수업,수업교재와이론서,보충자료가포함되어있습니다)
④Weekly Lesson Fee
주1회수업료
⑤- Ages 4-6: $10 per 30 minutes
- 4~6세: 30분당10달러
⑥- Ages 7-Adult: $15 per hour
- 7세~성인:시간당15달러
⑦Lesson Schedule
수업일정
⑧- Lessons are held on Mondays during the Summer.
-여름동안에는월요일마다수업이진행됩니다.
⑨- Summer Lessons begin Monday, July 14.
-여름수업은7월14일월요일에시작됩니다.
⑩Available Lesson Times: 11:30 AM-6:30 PM
가능한수업시간:오전11시30분~오후6시30분
⑪Location: 143 Grove Street, Midtown, 12511
위치: 143 Grove Street, Midtown, 12511
⑫To secure your spot, call 500-6134.
자리를확보하려면, 500-6134로전화주세요.
[Ch.02 Unit 06 - 2번]스마트폰이미국십대의삶에미치는영향
①The above graph shows U.S. teens' perceptions of how using smartphones affects five specific aspects of life.
②More than two-thirds of teens said using smartphones makes it easier for people their age to pursue hobbies and interests.
3분의2가넘는십대가스마트폰을사용하는것은나이또래들이취미와관심사를추구하기더쉽게만든다고말했다.
③When it comes to being creative, less than 20% of teens responded that the use of smartphones makes the process harder.
창의력을발휘하는것에대해서는십대의20퍼센트미만이스마트폰사용이그과정을더어렵게만든다고응답했다.
④The percentage of teens who said smartphones make it easier for teens to do well in school was 45%, which is 15 percentage points higher than that of teens who said smartphones make it neither easier nor harder to do so.
⑤The percentage of U.S. teens who said using smartphones makes it easier to develop healthy friendships was the same as that of those who said it makes the process harder.
②Join us for the Zero Carbon Footprint Camp, an exciting opportunity for Pelton High School students to explore the importance of taking action on climate change.
④1) Listening to a guest speaker's presentation on climate change
1)기후변화에관한초청연사의발표듣기
⑤2) Participating in discussions about climate change and its impact on our planet
2)기후변화와그것이우리지구에미치는영향에관한토론에참여하기
⑥3) Calculating your own carbon footprint using online tools
3)온라인도구를활용하여자신의탄소발자국계산하기
⑦4) Contributing to our campus garden by planting trees
4)나무를심어서본교캠퍼스정원에기여하기
⑧(In case of rain, the gardening session will be replaced with craft activities.)
(비가올경우,원예시간은공예활동으로대체될것입니다.)
⑨Date: May 18 (Saturday)
날짜: 5월18일(토요일)
⑩Time: 10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.
시간:오전10시~오후5시
⑪Location: Pelton High School
장소: Pelton고등학교
⑫Participation Fee: $10 per person (includes lunch)
참가비: 1인당10달러(점심식사포함)
⑬Reserve your spot online at www.peltonhighschool.org by May 8.
5월8일까지www.peltonhighschool.org에서온라인으로자리를예약하세요.
⑭Hurry, as spots are limited!
자리가한정되어있으니,서두르세요!
[Ch.02 Unit 07 -수능대비ANALYSIS]고대중국의구기경기,축국
①Cuju, an ancient Chinese ball game, holds a significant place in sporting history.
고대중국의구기경기인축국은스포츠역사에서중요한위치를차지한다.
②It was recognized by FIFA as one of the earliest foot-based sports.
그것은국제축구연맹에의해발을사용하는최초의스포츠중하나로인정되었다.
③However, Cuju's influence on modern football was not direct.
그러나축국이현대축구에직접적인영향을주지않았다.
④In Cuju, players aimed to kick the ball through a central hoop without letting it touch the ground, all while following the rule of not using their hands.
⑤Traditionally, the ball was crafted from leather, and matches took place on fields with two teams of equal size.
전통적으로,공은가죽으로만들어졌으며,경기는같은크기의두팀이있는경기장에서열렸다.
⑥Players wore light and flexible clothes to move easily during the game.
선수들은경기중에쉽게움직이기위해가볍고신축성있는옷을입었다.
⑦Beyond its sporting aspect, Cuju holds cultural significance in China, often included in celebratory occasions and events, highlighting its deep-rooted history in the country's heritage.
⑨One of his paintings can be seen at the Octavia Fellin Public Library in Gallup.
그의그림중하나는갤럽의옥타비아펠린공립도서관에서볼수있다.
⑩He died in New York City in 1952.
그는1952년뉴욕시에서사망했다.
[Ch.02 Unit 07 - 2번] Hibiscus mutabilis
①Hibiscus mutabilis, also known as the cotton rose, is a plant cultivated for its showy flowers.
목화장미라고도알려진Hibiscus mutabilis는그것의화려한꽃을위해재배되는식물이다.
②Originally native to southern China, it is now found in all continents except Antarctica.
원래중국남부가원산지인이식물은현재남극대륙을제외한모든대륙에서발견된다.
③The plant grows rapidly, and its flowers are 4-6 inch in diameter, blooming late summer right through autumn.
이식물은빠르게자라며그것의꽃의지름은4~6인치로늦여름부터가을까지줄곧피어난다.
④The species name mutabilis means 'change' in Latin, referring to the changing color of the flowers from white in the morning through light pink during noon to a deep rosy red colour all in one day.
⑤Temperature is thought as an important factor affecting the rate of colour change as white flowers kept in the refrigerator remain white until they are taken out to warm, whereupon they slowly turn pink.
⑤Her impressive achievements helped advance women's sports, and she defied conventional expectations about combining family life with an athletic career.
⑥In recognition of her remarkable career, she was named the woman athlete of the twentieth century by the IAAF in 1999.
뛰어난경력을인정받아그녀는1999년IAAF에의해20세기를대표하는여자선수로선정되었다.
[Ch.02 -논술형Practice]탄소세도입이경제에미치는영향
①A 2016 report by the Heritage Foundation that analyzed a carbon tax in the United States at one-third the rate paid by Swedish industrial firms argued that the tax would have "disastrous economic costs."
⑦This is not to argue that Sweden closed the gap between its growth rate and the US growth rate because of its carbon tax.
스웨덴이탄소세'때문에'자국성장률과미국의성장률사이의격차를줄였다고주장하려는것은아니다.
⑧But it is hard to argue that the country has suffered a great deal due to its carbon tax.
하지만스웨덴이탄소세로인해많은피해를입었다고주장하기는어렵다.
⑨In fact, Sweden's growth rate has exceeded the US growth rate since 2000.
실제로2000년이후스웨덴의성장률은미국의성장률을넘어섰다.
[Ch.03 Unit 08 -수능대비ANALYSIS]비례대표제에대한우려
①Critics sometimes worry that by making it easier for small parties to win seats, proportional representation will encourage the growth of extremist groups standing on hateful or anti-democratic platforms.
④Proportional voting systems provide a democratic vent for populist anger and discontent, creating clear incentives for mainstream parties to address underlying social problems and to win back votes.
⑤We also have to remember that small parties can play a value role in highlighting specific issues that have been overlooked, as has often been the case with 'Green' parties.
⑥In any case, the European experience suggests that there is no overall tendency for extremist parties to increase their numbers over time under proportional systems.
③Infants and toddlers begin to play a role when they imitate adults' language, dress, or actions.
영아와유아는어른의언어,옷차림또는행동을모방할때역할놀이를시작한다.
④An older child expands on this role by imitating familiar roles, such as a parent or doctor.
더나이든아이는부모나의사와같은친숙한역할을모방함으로써0|역할을더상세히서술한다.
⑤The child uses gestures and language to communicate his understanding of what this role represents.
아이는몸짓과언어를사용하여이역할이무엇을표현하는지에대한자신의이해를전달한다.
⑥He uses the doctor kit or kitchen playthings as props to support his actions while he plays.
아이는놀이를하는동안자신의행동을뒷받침하기위해의사키트나주방장난감을소품으로사용한다.
⑦For instance, he may use a cylinder-shaped block as a syringe when pretending to be a doctor.
예를들어아이는의사인척을할때,원통모양의블록을주사기로사용할수도있다.
⑧As he becomes familiar with other people and their roles, he may imitate them with the actions and verbalizations of a grocer, waiter, or firefighter.
⑨Playing fantasy characters, such as a monster or a superhero, becomes common once a child is able to engage in more abstract thinking.
아이가좀더추상적인사고를할수있게되면괴물이나슈퍼히어로와같은판타지캐릭터를연기하는것이흔해진다.
[Ch.03 Unit 08 - 2번]언어와문화의관계
①People are inherently social creatures, and in order to connect and regulate their social interactions, they must internalize their cultures.
인간은본질적으로사회적동물이고,사회적상호작용을연결하고조절하기위해,자신의문화를내면화해야한다.
②But cultures cannot be internalized without language.
그러나문화는언어없이내면화될수없다.
③Indeed, language is the vehicle through which we learn about our social world, discover its rules and values, and express our personal natures, allowing us to connect with others, both in relationships of exchange and of caring.
⑤As far back as the origins of human history, groups of individuals sharing a common culture and language made contact with other groups, each unified by their own shared tongue.
⑥Of great value was anyone who could ably facilitate those intergroup contacts ─ those people who were multilingual.
그러한집단사이의접촉을능숙하게원활히진행할수있는사람,즉다국어를구사하는사람이큰가치가있었다.
⑦Today we humans exist in a globally interconnected world.
오늘날우리인간은전세계적으로상호연결된세상에존재한다.
⑧We can transact with people from anywhere in seconds through the internet, or visit them through rapid means of travel, and in doing so experience a bit of their cultures.
①To make art and design irresistible, the teacher must commit to providing opportunities that incite feelings of surprise and, thus motivational discovery and learning.
②This teaching approach is exciting ─ it allows the practitioner to consider what is tempting in learning, what drives an individual to find out and discover.
③The teacher needs to remember what it is about learning that makes it irresistible, and then design their lessons, their spaces of learning and their teaching materials accordingly.
④This is not teaching that rigidly conforms to an instructional, target-bound paradigm.
이것은교육적이고목표에얽매인패러다임을엄격하게따르는가르침이아니다.
⑤It is essential to provide classrooms that have no ceiling when creative minds are operating and finding out.
창의적인사고가작동하여발견하고있을때한계가없는교실을제공하는것이필수적이다.
⑥Classrooms of young children should be alive, dynamic and changeable, encouraged by a theme of the moment or an interest that pervades children's imaginations.
①When investors decide to buy physical goods, they follow a direct approach.
투자자가물리적상품을구매하기로결정하면,그들은직접적인접근방식을따른다.
②This approach provides the purest exposure to the commodity's price, but involves a cost.
이접근방식은상품의가격에대한가장순전한노출을제공하지만,비용을수반한다.
③When investors buy commodities, they need to understand the quality of the goods and the problems that can exist if that quality is lacking.
투자자가상품을구매할때,그들은상품의품질과그품질이부족한경우존재할수있는문제를이해할필요가있다.
④Another problem is the presence of different costs relating to storage, insurance, and cash opportunity costs.
또다른문제는보관,보험,현금기회비용과관련된다양한비용의존재이다.
⑤These costs affect the management of the physical good.
이러한비용은물리적상품의관리에영향을준다.
⑥As a result of the disadvantages of direct investment, investors typically prefer to indirectly assume a position in commodity markets to avoid the problems linked to the management of physical goods.
①According to natural law theory, moral principles are not simply the result of human convention or social agreement, but are based on fundamental principles of nature, including human nature.
②The term "natural law" refers to a set of ethical and moral principles that are thought to be inherent in the natural world and applicable to all human beings.
④Natural law theorists believe that the natural world operates according to a set of rational principles, and that these principles can be discovered through human reason and observation.
⑤They argue that these principles provide a foundation for moral and legal systems, and that they are binding on all individuals, regardless of their cultural or social background.
⑥Critics of natural law theory argue that it relies too heavily on unprovable assumptions about the existence of a divine purpose, and that it fails to account for the diversity of moral beliefs and practices across cultures and historical periods.
①Most academic writing involves constructing an argument or supporting a position about some question or topic.
대부분의학술적글쓰기는어떤질문이나주제에관한주장을구성하거나입장을뒷받침하는것을포함한다.
②This requires clear organization with all your points directly connected to your argument or position.
이것은여러분의모든요점이여러분의주장이나입장과직접적으로연결되도록하면서명확한구조화를필요로한다.
③In Western academic writing, a 'linear' style is preferred, where one point leads directly and unambiguously to the next, with little room for digressions.
④The organization will depend on the purpose of the composition; a literary critique will have a different structure from a chemistry report.
구성은작문의목적에따라달라질것이므로,문학비평은화학보고서와는다른구조를갖게마련이다.
⑤Part of learning a discipline is learning the writing organization appropriately to that discipline.
어떤학문분야를배우는것의일부는그학문분야에적합하게글을구성하는것을배우는것이다.
⑥For example, academic papers in my discipline (Applied Linguistics) usually have sections (e.g., Introduction, Literature review, Discussion, Conclusion), which are typically signposted with headings that make the organization of the paper explicit.
①Habits are part of our everyday lives and therefore, when we don't clean our teeth, eat breakfast, have our morning coffee or have biscuits in the afternoon, we feel unsettled and a little bit stressed.
②This feeling is unpleasant and we quickly learn that it can be avoided by carrying on with our habit.
이러한느낌은불쾌하며,습관을계속함으로써이를회피할수있다는것을우리는곧알게된다.
③Therefore, not eating biscuits feels unusual, but this can all be made OK with a few biscuits.
따라서비스킷을먹지않는것은예외적인것으로느껴질수있지만,몇개의비스킷으로이것은전부괜찮아질수있다.
④And the habit carries on as it becomes the solution to the problem created when trying to change it.
그리고습관이그것을바꾸려고할때생긴문제에대한해결책이됨에따라그습관은계속된다.
⑤It's a vicious circle.
이는악순환이다.
⑥But it's the change in the habit which makes us feel stressed, not the absence of the actual behaviour.
하지만우리에게스트레스를느끼게하는것은실제(습관)행동의부재가아니라습관의변화이다.
⑦And if we start to realise that the feeling of stress or worry is just 'withdrawal' and will only be made worse in the longer term if we give in and use the habit to get rid of it, then we can start to break the habit itself.
①You might notice that if you compare two products with the same function, but in very different price ranges, you'll tend to find that the more expensive the product is, the more likely it is to be sold in a way that emphasizes how it makes you feel, rather than its inherent function and properties.
③The economic advantage is simple to state: people will pay more for this extra kick.
경제적인이득은설명하기간단한데,사람들은이추가효과에대해더많은비용을낼거라는것이다.
④This might seem like trickery ─ the consumer is fooled by the advertiser into believing that the product is more than it is, and is induced to pay more for it as a result.
⑤But the advertisers may well argue that these added associations create not just apparent ─ but real ─ added value for the product, that they change the consumer's experience of the product into something more.
①We seem to have developed a visual language of facial recognition that influences our emotional judgement of people, before we are even consciously aware of what those things really mean.
②And because it's evolutionarily wired in us to do this, there's no escaping it ─ humans are such a social species that it makes sense for us to be able to quickly assess if someone is friend or foe.
⑤Professor Alexander Todorov from Princeton University explains that, perhaps because we're now exposed to so many faces, our visual cortices have gone for the simplest groupings and attributed certain features to certain personality traits, but as a result we're susceptible to the worst type of visual stereotyping.
①It takes on average half a second for the unconscious mind to process incoming sensory stimuli into conscious perceptions.
무의식이들어오는감각자극을의식적지각으로처리하는데에는평균적으로0.5초가걸린다.
②Yet we are not aware of this time delay ─ you think you see things move as they move, and when you stub your toe you get the impression of knowing about it right away.
③This illusion of immediacy is created by an ingenious mechanism, which backdates conscious perceptions to the time when the stimulus first entered the brain.
④On the face of it, this seems impossible because cortical signals take the same "real" time to process to consciousness, but somehow we are tricked into thinking we feel things earlier.
⑤One way it might be explained is that consciousness consists of many parallel streams and that the brain jumps from one to another, revising them and redrafting them.
①We not only absorb' our moral codes and definitions of right and wrong from the group; the group also transmits cues about cooperation and defection and what it means to act in a trustworthy manner.
②People are more likely to suppress their self-interest in favor of the group interest if they feel that others are doing so as well, and they're less likely to do so if they feel that others are taking advantage of them.
③But unlike big cats or terrifying wolves that were obvious predators, upright primates didn't automatically fit the predator template for most animals.
④Numerous examples from around the world during the past five centuries testify that upon initially encountering humans, many wild creatures did not associate us with a threat.
②Literally, these expressions do not make any sense.
문자그대로는,이러한표현은이치에전혀맞지않는다.
③"An election" is not something that can physically be "ahead" of us in any measurable or observable way, and the "Winter" is not something that can be physically "behind" us.
④Hundreds of thousands of these expressions, whose meaning is not literal but metaphorical, can be observed in human everyday language: "he is a cold person," "she has strong opinions," "the market is quite depressed."
⑤Metaphor, in this sense, is not just a figure of speech, or an exceptional communicational tool in the hands of poets and artists.
이런의미에서,은유는단지수사적표현,혹은시인이나예술가들의특별한의사소통도구인것만이아니다.
⑥It is an ordinary mechanism of thought.
그것은평범한사고의기제이다.
⑦Usually operating unconsciously and effortlessly, it permeates nearly every aspect of human everyday (and technical) language, making imagination possible.
①Water essentially has no persona of its own, but has an extraordinary quality.
물은본질적으로자신만의페르소나는없지만,놀라운특성을가지고있다.
②Water as a liquid has no shape, yet it is readily defined by its surroundings.
액체로서의물은형태가없지만,그것의주변환경에의해쉽게정의된다.
③Water has no hardness; it is completely yielding to the touch, yet is hard as concrete when impacted at high speed.
물은단단함이없어,만지면전적으로순응하지만,빠른속도로충돌하면콘크리트처럼단단하다.
④Water has no color when viewed in a transparent container, yet becomes vividly green or blue as an ocean, and readily reflects at its surface everything around it.
①I suppose everyone has at one time or another drawn a mental map, and it offers little conceptual difficulty.
나는누구나한번쯤은심상지도를그려본적이있을것이고,그것은개념상의어려움을거의주지않는다고생각한다.
②In my classes, I ask students to draw a map by hand, in just five minutes, showing their route to and from class.
내수업시간에나는학생들에게단5분안에,수업을오가는경로를보여주는지도를손으로그려보라고요청한다.
③No two maps are ever entirely the same, of course, and none are to scale.
물론두지도가완전히똑같은경우는없으며,어느것도축척대로설계될수없다.
④Nevertheless, most of the maps are easily understood.
그럼에도불구하고,대부분의지도는쉽게이해된다.
⑤This shows that while we all produce our own versions of spatial reality, we can see particular landmarks that communicate to all of us in a social community.
⑦Such maps tend to include informal but understood cultural references.
그런지도는비공식적이지만이해가되는문화적참조표시를포함하는경향이있다.
⑧Where a professionally made street map might give you numbered addresses, a mental map is more likely to describe a route by referencing visible features like "a giant blue gorilla" outside a car dealership or "that old pink Victorian house. "
①People tend to pay less attention to familiar things, whether it's a possession or even a person.
사람들은소유물이든사람이든간에,익숙한것에주의를덜기울이는경향이있다.
②On the whole, this adaptive behavior is biologically useful (for objects, events, and situations), because it is usually the novel, unexpected things in life that require the most attention.
⑤Your brain would respond again only when something new was presented.
뇌는새로운것이제시될때만다시반응할것이다.
⑥Scientists have shown that the biggest responses always come with the least expected event.
과학자들은가장큰반응은항상가장예상치못한사건에서온다는것을보여주었다.
⑦A simple sentence such as, "He picked up the hammer and nail" gives a tiny response; change the last few words, "He picked up the hammer and ate it," and you'll see a much larger one.
①In one experiment, Keith Markman and two colleagues gave participants ten anagrams to solve.
한실험에서, Keith Markman과두명의동료는참가자들에게풀어야할10개의철자순서를바꾸어만든말을주었다.
②After supposedly "grading" the results, they told participants that they'd found only half of the available words.
겉으로보기에결과를'채점'한후,그들은참가자들에게가능한단어중절반만찾았다고말했다.
③Then they poked people with a little regret.
그런다음그들은사람들에게약간의후회감을슬쩍불러일으켰다.
④"Close your eyes and think about your actual performance on the anagrams compared to how you might have performed better," they told the participants.
⑤"Take a minute and vividly evaluate your performance in comparison to how you might have performed better."
"잠시여러분의실제성과를여러분이성과를더잘냈을수도있는방식과비교하여생생하게평가해보세요."
⑥Their heads now swimming with If Onlys, these puzzle-solvers felt worse ─ especially compared to another group that had been asked to make At Least comparisons.
①In your pursuit of proficiency in a foreign language, it's important that you study topics that are neither too easy nor too difficult for you at any given point in time.
②This is particularly true if you're studying a language largely on your own.
이는여러분이주로혼자서언어를공부하고있다면특히사실이다.
③If you already have a working knowledge of Greek, for example, it wouldn't be very helpful to spend all of your time studying basic vocabulary or completing elementary exercises, although some overlearning can be beneficial.
④Although it may make you feel good about yourself to effortlessly rattle off simple phrases like "Where is the train station?" ultimately, rehearsing only easy material is not the best use of your study time.
⑤By the same token, if you're a beginner, then jumping into a difficult topic, like the grammar for a language's subjunctive mood, is not time well spent either.
①Literacy is crucial to the teaching-learning process that occurs in the middle grades because this is when young adolescents begin to move from narrative to expository text, a process that places increasing demands on the students' literacy skills.
②Unfortunately, despite these increasing demands on their literacy skills, formal reading instruction ends for many young adolescents once they enter middle school.
③One reason for this is that only about 50 percent of middle-grades teachers receive training in the teaching of literacy, broadly conceived as integrated reading, writing, speaking, and listening.
④Fewer still receive specific training in programs such as writing across the curriculum.
더적은수의교사만이여전히교육과정전반에걸친작문과같은프로그램에대한특정연수를받는다.
⑤Consequently, many teachers are less than ideally prepared to teach content-area literacy strategies to their students.
그결과,많은교사는학생들에게내용영역별문해력전략을가르치는것에대해결코완벽하게준비가되어있지않다.
⑥Given the increasing emphasis on integrated curricula in the middle grades, all teachers, regardless of the subjects they teach, are being called on to integrate the language arts into their subjects.
①Many people who aspire to be novelists began their writing careers as journalists.
소설가가되기를열망하는많은사람이언론인으로서글쓰기경력을시작했다.
②The thirteen-year-old Anne Frank had exactly this in mind for herself, and it is hard to believe that someone so full of life and so gifted at writing as a child would not have accomplished what she set out to do had the Nazis not murdered her.
④There are many others, too ─ Martha Gellhorn, Jack London, Margaret Mitchell (Gone With the Wind), Tom Wolfe ─ who wrote for newspapers or magazines before turning to fiction.
Martha Gellhorn, Jack London, Margaret Mitchell(Gone With the Wind를쓴), Tom Wolfe등소설로전향하기전에신문이나잡지에글을기고했던많은다른사람들도있다.
⑤John Steinbeck, already a published novelist, wrote a series of pieces on the Okie migrant camps of California for the San Francisco News before writing his most celebrated book, also about the migrants, The Grapes of Wrath.
이미출간한소설가였던John Steinbeck은자신의가장유명한책이자,역시이주민들에관한The Grapes of Wrath를쓰기전에San Francisco News에캘리포니아의이주농업노동자이주민캠프에대한일련의기사를썼다.
[Ch.04 Unit 12 - 3번]길을찾는능력이인류에게미친영향
①Over the course of our evolution between 350,000 and 150,000 years ago, Homo sapiens developed an appetite for exploration and a wayfinding spirit that set us apart from other human species.
③One of the most intriguing recent ideas in anthropology is that our ability to navigate was essential to our success as a species, because it allowed us to cultivate extensive social networks.
④In prehistoric times, when people lived in small family units and spent much of their time looking for food and shelter, being able to share information with other groups about the whereabouts of resources and the movements of predators would have given us an evolutionary edge.
①Culture is the strategic response to the survival needs of society.
문화는사회의생존요구에대한전략적대응이다.
②Evolutionary psychology would argue that culture is a direct outcome of reproductive success and biological fitness.
진화심리학은문화가번식의성공과생물학적적합성의직접적인결과라고주장할것이다.
③People who can adapt to their environment through social organization are more likely to leave offspring and ensure continuity in the future.
사회조직을통해환경에적응할수있는사람들은자손을남겨미래에연속성을보장할가능성이더크다.
④In the course of social development, people have learned to solve a variety of issues and problems that allowed adaptation to a particular ecological context.
사회발전과정에서사람들은특정한생태적환경에적응할수있게했던다양한사안과문제를해결하는것을배웠다.
⑤In Greenland, the Scandinavian colony eventually died out because they did not adapt to the harsh climate and the need to rely on the sea for food, but rather continued with their European herding practices and primitive agriculture.
⑥By contrast, the local Inuit people continued to function and adapt without interruption as their food was largely available from hunting and fishing.
⑦The culture of the native Inuit population was adaptive, leading to reproductive success and survival.
이누이트원주민사람들의문화는적응성이있어서번식의성공과생존으로이어졌다.
[Ch.04 -논술형Practice]식품산업의교묘함
①The ingenuity of the food industry is demonstrated by its ability to simultaneously design and market new products that appeal to consumers who want both "good-for-you" and diet foods.
②By offering one product line that profits by producing obesity and another that generates revenues by claiming to reduce weight, food companies have found a way to have their cake and eat it, too.
③In these "healthier" products, food companies remove some of the calories, sugars, fats, and salt added to "fun-to-eat foods" in order to address consumers' concerns about health.
④Others simply add nutrients to the same unhealthy product.
다른회사들은단순히건강에좋지못한바로그제품에영양소를추가한다.
⑤For example, cereal companies simply add vitamins A, C, or iron to sweetened refined-grain products, then label them as "healthy," rather than using the whole grains recommended for healthier diets.
⑥In 2009, 86 percent of cereal marketed to children contained mostly refined grain.
2009년에어린이에게판매된시리얼의86퍼센트에는대부분정제곡물이들어있었다.
[Ch.05 Unit 13 -수능대비ANALYSIS]농업에대한보조금
①To avoid famine and economic dislocation, countries use different kinds of policies to provide incentives or disincentives for the production of different crops.
④Almost every developed country has found itself subsidizing agricultural producers.
거의모든선진국은농업생산자에게보조금을지급하는실정이다.
⑤The exceptions ─ New Zealand, Australia, and to some extent Canada ─ represent special cases since they do not have large rural populations and their natural advantages in certain crops permit them to produce at lower costs than most other countries.
⑥Subsidies ensure agricultural surpluses under most conditions, and they allow producers in a country that subsidizes agriculture to reap benefits as producers in non-subsidizing countries are forced out of business.
①Houses in Britain are too expensive in relation to income for households to buy a house for ready money at the beginning of their housing career or accumulate the purchase money from prior savings.
②Most householders must therefore either hire a house, or buy one with borrowed money.
따라서대부분의가구주는주택을임차하거나,융자금으로주택을구입해야한다.
③Housing must therefore be financed, and the finance has to be for a long term.
따라서주택구입에는반드시자금이공급되어야하며,그자금공급은장기적이어야한다.
④For buyers using borrowed funds, long-term loans are necessary to ensure that the principal repayments can be spread out thinly enough to be covered by annual income.
⑤The investor in rental properties often finds that the yearly rent only covers a small portion of the debt used to purchase the property.
임대부동산투자자는연간임대료가부동산을구입하는데사용된부채의작은일부만감당하는것을보통알게된다.
[Ch.05 Unit 13 - 2번]경제이론의기본가정
①The customary starting point for economic theory, the basic model to which other situations and policy options are compared, is a system of perfectly competitive markets.
경제이론의관례적인출발점,즉다른상황과정책선택권이비교되는기본모형은완벽하게경쟁적인시장체제이다.
②This imagined economy is populated exclusively by small producers and individual consumers, all possessed of very broad information and very narrow motives and desires.
③In such an economy, under long lists of traditional but unrealistic assumptions, economists have proved that there is always an "equilibrium" ─ that is, a set of prices at which supply equals demand for every commodity.
④The invisible hand of market competition, in Adam Smith's famous metaphor, ensures that every resource is used wherever it will produce the greatest value for consumers.
Adam Smith의유명한비유에서,시장경쟁의보이지않는손은모든자원이소비자에게최고의가치를생산할곳이면어디에서든지반드시사용되게끔한다.
⑤Any deviation from the free-market outcome will make someone worse off, so there is no possible change to a market equilibrium that could win unanimous support.
①Over the years, the sports sector and the media sector have developed a self-interest relationship.
수년에걸쳐,스포츠분야와미디어분야는사리추구의관계를발전시켜왔다.
②Both industries gain benefits from the complementary nature of their interests: while sport provides valuable content and audiences for media operators, the media is a revenue source and promotional tool for sport.
③The sale of exclusive live sports broadcasting rights is an important, if not the principal, source of revenue for sports organisations and clubs, whereas live sports content is decisive for media operators to create attractive programming for their audience.
④Wide coverage through television, for instance, can result in significant exposure for sports leagues.
예를들어,텔레비전을통한광범위한보도는스포츠리그에상당한노출을가져올수있다.
⑤Such exposure can deliver private benefits to the league and the clubs in the form of increased revenue from sponsorship and attraction of new supporters.
이러한노출은협찬과새로운후원자유치로부터증가된수익의형태로리그와구단에사적인이익을제공할수있다.
⑥This implies that, without cameras, major sports events would have virtually no meaning at all.
이는주요스포츠행사가카메라없이는사실상의미가전혀없을것이라는점을의미한다.
[Ch.05 Unit 14 -수능대비ANALYSIS]나비표본의모양
①Until the camera came along to take photographs of living butterflies, the standard image of a butterfly was a grossly distorted one.
살아있는나비를촬영할수있는카메라가등장하기전까지,나비의표준이미지는심하게왜곡된것이었다.
②It shows them not as they are in life but in death. mounted on a pin in a museum.
이는그것들을살아있는그대로가아니라죽은상태로보여주는데,박물관의핀에꽂혀붙어있다.
③The wings are held out flat at ninety degrees to the body ─ a posture which would sorely test the ligaments of any butterfly.
날개는몸과90도각도로납작하게펼쳐져있는데,어떤나비에게도인대를몹시시험할자세일것이다.
④It is nevertheless the shape which we instantly recognise as 'butterfly', whether in bow-ties or the pasta the Italians call farfalle (after farfalla, a butterfly).
①The central role of music and language in human existence and the fact that both involve complex and meaningful sound sequences naturally invite comparison between the two domains.
②Yet from the standpoint of modern cognitive science, music-language relations have barely begun to be explored.
그러나현대인지과학의관점에서볼때,음악과언어의관계는이제겨우탐구되기시작했다.
③This situation appears to be poised to change rapidly, as researchers from diverse fields are increasingly drawn to this interdisciplinary enterprise.
④The appeal of such research is easy to understand.
이러한연구의매력은쉽게이해할수있다.
⑤Humans are unparalleled in their ability to make sense out of sound.
인간은소리에서의미를찾아내는능력에서견줄데가없다.
⑥In many other branches of our experience (e.g., visual perception, touch), we can learn much from studying the behavior and brains of other animals because our experience is not that different from theirs.
⑦When it comes to language and music, however, our species is unique.
그러나언어와음악에관해서우리종은독특하다.
⑧This makes it difficult to gain insight into language or music as a cognitive system by comparing humans to other organisms.
이것은인간을다른유기체와비교하여인지체계로서의언어나음악에대한통찰력을얻는것을어렵게만든다.
[Ch.05 Unit 14 - 2번]건강함을나타내는척도
①There are different measures of "healthy" and "overweight."
'건강한'과'과체중'에는여러가지측정기준이있다.
②BMI (body mass index) is widely used by health professionals and has a strong correlation with various diseases and chronic conditions.
BMI(체질량지수)는건강전문가들이널리사용하며다양한질병및만성질환과높은상관관계를가진다.
③However, it doesn't reflect the amount of fat or muscle in a body, bone weight, or cultural factors, age, and gender (women tend to carry more fat).
하지만, BMI는신체내지방이나근육의양,뼈무게,또는문화적요인,나이,그리고성별(여성은더많은지방을가지는경향이있다)을반영하지않는다.
④Waist circumference is another commonly used measure because excess abdominal fat ─ more than 40 inches for men and 35 inches for women ─ increases the risk of developing obesity-related conditions.
⑤While both are used to screen for potential risk, they aren't diagnostic tools.
비록둘다잠재적위험을검진하는데사용되지만,진단도구는아니다.
⑥Instead of using weight or measures like BMI to define well-being, an alternative "health at every size" approach focuses on sustainable health-promoting behavior regardless of body size.
⑦Proponents argue a weight-neutral approach is healthier because it avoids the potentially harmful effects of repeated dieting, such as a higher risk of early death and psychological distress.
⑧Ultimately, nutrition and health are socioeconomic issues that require understanding and empathy.
궁극적으로,영양과건강은이해와공감이있어야하는사회경제적문제이다.
[Ch.05 Unit 14 - 3번]농장자료의소유권
①It is common to read that farm data belongs to the farmer.
농장자료는농부에게속한다고명시되어있는것이일반적이다.
②It is sometimes even stated in contracts.
때로는그것이심지어계약서에명시되기도한다.
③However, 'ownership' is a legal assertion and data ownership is not addressed by legislation except for copyright for datasets as intellectual products.
그러나, '소유권'은법적주장이고자료소유권은,지적재화로서의자료모음에대한저작권을제외하고는법률에서다루어지지않는다.
④This is partly due to the peculiar nature of data compared to other goods that can be owned.
이는부분적으로는소유될수있는다른재화와비교되는자료의독특한특성때문이다.
⑤In legal terms, it is non-rivalrous: the same data can be in different places and be owned by different people because, when data is copied or migrated to other platforms, it remains the same.
⑥In addition, there is a difference between data collected in a structured dataset, which can be considered as an intellectual product by law, and raw data as individual, unstructured bits before they are collected and made sense of.
⑦These raw data are similar to facts, for which no copyright and no ownership is legally applicable.
이러한미가공자료는사실과유사한데,이에대해서는어떠한저작권이나소유권도법적으로적용가능하지않다.
[Ch.05 Unit 15 -수능대비ANALYSIS]원활한의사소통이좋은디자인의요건이되는이유
①Good design starts with an understanding of psychology and technology.
좋은디자인은심리학과기술에대한이해에서시작된다.
②Good design requires good communication, especially from machine to person, indicating what actions are possible, what is happening, and what is about to happen.
③Communication is especially important when things go wrong.
의사소통은일이잘못될때특히중요하다.
④It is relatively easy to design things that work smoothly and harmoniously as long as things go right.
일이제대로진행되는한원활하고조화롭게작동하는것을디자인하는것은비교적쉽다.
⑤But as soon as there is a problem or a misunderstanding, the problems arise and this is where good design is essential.
하지만문제나오해가생기자마자문제가발생하게되고이상황이좋은디자인이필수적인때이다.
⑥Designers need to focus their attention on the cases where things go wrong, not just on when things work as planned.
디자이너는일이계획대로진행될때만주의를집중하는것이아니라,일이잘못되는경우에도주의를집중해야한다.
⑦Actually, this is where the most satisfaction can arise: when something goes wrong but the machine highlights the problems, then the person understands the issue, takes the proper actions, and the problem is solved.
①When we read about psychology, how do we assess the quality of what we read?
우리가심리학에관해읽을때,어떻게읽은내용의질을평가할수있을까?
②First, we cannot judge the quality of an argument on the basis of what it concludes about people, or on the basis of whether we agree with the author's beliefs about people or not.
③It is quite possible for two excellent psychologists to differ strongly about an aspect of human behaviour, while both providing convincing arguments and good evidence for reaching their conclusions.
⑥This does not mean, necessarily, that either of the researchers did bad work.
이것이반드시두연구자중어느한명이잘못된연구를했다는것을의미하지는않는다.
⑦On the contrary, different findings from different contexts may give us important information.
그와는반대로,서로다른맥락에서나온서로다른연구결과들은우리에게중요한정보를제공할수있을것이다.
[Ch.05 Unit 15 - 2번]직접적경험과단어규정의관계
①'I'll believe it when I see it.'
'나는그것을보면믿을것이다.'
②This familiar remark recalls how first-hand personal experience is commonly accepted as a convincing way ─ if not the fundamental way ─ to determine what to believe in.
⑦Otherwise, the word should be regarded as only a meaningless sound.
그렇지않으면,그단어는단순히무의미한소리로여겨져야한다.
⑧This experience-tied theory of meaning was advocated by the Scottish philosopher David Hume, an empiricist who believed that knowledge of what exists or is true can only come from observing the world.
④Anger always results in a much increased burst of energy and, although biologically based, is seen by some psychologists as largely socially constructed.
⑤That is, some people might be temperamentally more prone to anger than others, but the extent to which they express this is probably socially determined.
⑥In our culture, for example, boys are encouraged to express their anger more openly than girls and a far greater proportion of men than women are made to take anger management courses.
⑦These are learned differences. not differences of biology.
이는생물학적차이가아니라학습된차이이다.
[Ch.05 Unit 16 -수능대비ANALYSIS]온라인정보탐색
①As it has done in so many areas, the information-rich online environment has added a new dimension to the area of timeliness.
매우많은분야에서그랬던것처럼,정보가풍부한온라인환경은시의적절함이라는영역에새로운차원을더했다.
②Years ago, learners were restricted to searching for information that was often available only in environments accessible by foot, car, bicycle, or public transportation.
③It took time to get to information repositories, let alone to find good information.
좋은정보를찾는것은말할것도없이,정보저장소에접근하는데도시간이걸렸다.
④Today, learners can find information instantly through devices that we carry in our pockets, purses, and back-packs.
오늘날학습자는주머니,지갑,배낭에넣어서가지고다니는기기를통해정보를즉시찾을수있다.
⑤Then, information seeking involved painstakingly finding a few "good" resources among the limited (but vetted) possibilities that were physically accessible.
⑦Given many students' tendency to delay ─ as well as to finish assignments in the least amount of time possible ─ the dangers of limiting one's information seeking to the online environment are clear.
⑧[Summary] The transition from physical access to limited resources to instant online access has created an abundance of unverified information, which highlights the risks of exclusively relying on online sources for learning.
①From a psychological point of view, bad is stronger than good.
심리학적관점에서,나쁜것이좋은것보다더강하다.
②It takes four positive interactions to balance out a single negative one.
하나의부정적인것의균형을잡으려면네번의긍정적인상호작용이필요하다.
③Bad memories resonate much more powerfully than good ones.
나쁜기억은좋은기억보다훨씬더강력하게울려퍼진다.
④A bad experience from ten years ago might appear in your mind's eye in sharp focus with strong, clear emotions attached to it.
10년전의나쁜경험은그것에결부된강하고선명한감정과함께날카로운초점으로마음의눈에나타날수도있다.
⑤A happy memory from the same time period may have fuzzier edges and just an overall sense of pleasantness.
같은기간의행복한기억은끝이더흐릿하고전반적인기분좋았던느낌만있을수있다.
⑥This is known as negativity bias or the negativity effect.
이를'부정성편향'또는'부정성효과'라고한다.
⑦The human brain is organized to survive by avoiding negative experiences and emotions.
인간의뇌는부정적인경험과감정을피하게함으로써생존하도록조직되어있다.
⑧Our brains and emotional systems developed under evolutionary pressures to better keep us alive by remembering dangerous situations very clearly so we could avoid them in the future.
⑨In modern times, we are unlikely to die from getting split off from our tribe and becoming prey to a wild beast, but our brains still look for negativity in every situation.
⑩[Summary] Negativity bias or the negative effect explains how bad experiences and memories outweigh good ones. and how our brains and emotional systems developed this way for our survival.
②Students who guessed correctly early were much more likely to decide that they were correctly predicting the outcomes than students who guessed incorrectly early.
③That is, a sequence of wins followed by losses led the students to imagine they understood the task and needed to try to figure out what was going wrong. while a series of losses intermixed with wins led the students to think it was random.
④A sequence of four correct early guesses was enough to lead people to believe they could correctly guess the sequence "even for sophisticated subjects."
⑤This is how the casinos hook people ─ a quick series of wins leads you to think that you can beat the game, even though WWWWWLLLLL (where W means win and L means lose) is just as random as WLWLLLWWLW.
⑥[Summary] In the 1975 study where students played a coin-flip game, initial successes led the participants to consider the future results to be predictable, which can explain the strategy casinos use to attract people.
②For example, it is not a constant like the speed of light or gravity.
예를들어,유전성은빛의속도나중력처럼상수가아니다.
③It is a statistic that describes a particular population at a particular time with that population's particular mix of genetic and environmental influences.
④A simpler way of expressing this is that it describes what is but does not predict what could be.
이를더간단하게표현하는방법은그것이있는것을설명하지만있을수있는것을예측하지는않는다는것이다.
⑤Another population, or the same population at a different time, could have a different mix of genetic and environmental influences.
다른집단,또는다른시기의동일한집단은유전적영향과환경적영향의조합이다를수있다.
⑥Heritability will reflect these differences.
유전성은이러한차이를반영하게마련이다.
⑦For example, heritability of body weight is greater in wealthier countries such as the US than in poorer countries such as Albania and Nicaragua.
예를들어,체중의유전성은알바니아나니카라과같은더가난한나라보다미국과같은더부유한나라에서더크다.
⑧Wealthier countries have greater access to fast-food outlets and high-energy snacks, and greater access to fattening food leads to higher heritability because it exposes genetic differences in people's propensities to put on the pounds.
⑨[Summary] Heritability is a description reflecting genetic and environmental factors that vary depending on the context.
[Summary]유전성은상황에따라변하는유전적및환경적요소를반영하는설명이다.
[Ch.05 -서술형Practice]시대별나이의역할변화
①It was not until the last half of the 1800s in the United States and some other nations that age became a criterion for ordering lives and this intensified in the early 1900s.
②With the rise of industrialization and efforts to systematize human services such as education and medical care, age became a measure of development and a criterion for sorting people.
⑥Both expert and popular writing in the United States rarely referred to specific ages, although of course infancy, childhood, and adulthood were distinguished.
⑦Over the past century and a half, the cultural concept of age and associated practices relying on age-grading have come to play a central, though often unnoticed role in ordering lives in some cultural communities ─ those of almost all contemporary people
①Until now, souvenirs have been divided into two groups: the 'Sampled' and the 'Representative'.
지금까지,기념품은두가지그룹으로나누어져있었는데, '표본형'과'대표형'이그것이다.
②This binary division of souvenirs was established on the grounds that Sampled souvenirs are souvenirs of individual experience that are not available as general consumer goods.
③These objects are collected directly by the tourist, with no intervention or mediation by the host culture.
이런물건들은현지문화에의한개입이나중재없이,여행자에의해직접수집된다.
④They often take the shape of sea shells or pebbles, wild flowers, dried and pressed, or animal remains.
그것들은종종조개껍데기나조약돌,말려서압착한야생화,또는동물유해의형태를취한다.
⑤The Representative category includes souvenirs which most often are representations and are purchasable.
대표형범주는가장흔하게는재현물이며구매가능한기념품을포함한다.
⑥They are objects that may properly be called artifacts in that they are produced from human mediation and interpretation.
그것들은인간의매개와해석으로부터만들어졌다는점에서인공물로적절하게불릴수도있는물건들이다.
⑦This category embraces, on the one hand, postcards, wilderness posters and calendars and, on the other, crafted objects, such as clay pots, boomerangs, models and postcards.
①Most artificial neural networks used in present-day artificial intelligence, despite their millions of inputs, outputs, and adjustable parameters, operate just like our proverbial hunter: they observe their errors and use them to adjust their internal state in the direction that they feel is best able to reduce the errors.
③We tell the network exactly which response it should have activated at the output ("it is a 1, not a 7"), and we know precisely in which direction to adjust the parameters if they lead to an error (a mathematical calculation makes it possible to know exactly which connections to modify when the network activates the output "7" too often in response to an image of the number 1).
④In machine learning parlance, this situation is known as "supervised learning" (because someone, who can be likened to a supervisor, knows the correct answer that the system must give) and "error backpropagation" (because error signals are sent back into the network in order to modify its parameters).
⑥At each step, I make only a small correction in the right direction.
나는각단계에올바른방향으로조금씩만수정한다.
⑦That's why such computer-based learning can be incredibly slow: learning a complex activity, like playing Tetris, requires applying this recipe thousands, millions, even billions of times.
③Then when children are moving around on all fours, they may leave this safe area in their mother's company to discover their environment.
그런다음아이들이기어서움직일때,그들은주변환경을탐색하기위해엄마와함께이안전한공간을떠날수도있다.
④Then the mother can draw their children's attention to the rules and prohibitions.
그때엄마는규칙과금지사항에대해아이들의주의를끌수있다.
⑤The nearby books look intriguing, and they are happy to hang on to the tablecloth too.
근처에있는책들은흥미를자아내고,그들은식탁보에매달려있는것도좋아한다.
⑥But then the mother repeats, "Don't do this!"
그러나그때엄마가"이러지마!"라고반복해서말한다.
⑦If the children find this difficult to accept, put them back into their secure area where everything is allowed.
만약아이들이이를받아들이기힘들어하면,모든것이허용되는그들의안전한공간으로그들을다시데려가라.
⑧However, the children should not feel this as a kind of punishment but should feel that their mother trusts them.
그러나아이들이이를일종의벌로느껴서는안되고엄마가자신을신뢰한다고느껴야한다.
⑨"You are too young for these rules, but with time. this will change."
"너는아직이규칙을지키기에는너무어리지만,시간이지나면,바뀔거야."라고말해주어라.
⑩These "walks" can be repeated from time to time.
이러한'이동'은때때로반복될수도있다.
⑪This way, Pikler says, the world gradually unfolds before the children instead of shrinking (which is what happens when we ban something that they used to be allowed to do beforehand and that we may even have found amusing).
⑫The children's world unfolds; and at the same time, they can understand more and more of these limitations and accept what the adult ─ gently but expressly ─ expects from them.
②Put another way, we generally avoid being regarded as 'being difficult to deal with' or 'not being part of the crowd.'
다시말해,우리는일반적으로'다루기어려운사람'또는'무리의일부가아닌사람'으로여겨지는것을피한다.
③That is, we don't want to appear odd, strange, or anti-social in any way.
즉,우리는어떤식으로든특이하거나이상하거나반사회적으로보이고싶지않다.
④It may be true that a few eccentrics might deliberately cultivate personal idiosyncracies in order to attract attention, but generally their ultimate goal is to be accepted (even if only by a small collection of admirers) and not regarded as complete social outcasts.
⑤However, while the yearning to be accepted and to belong is strong, we strain equally towards being recognized as individuals, and to being thought of as personally significant.
⑨We don't want to be overlooked or ignored, as if we weren't there.
우리는우리가마치존재하지않는것처럼간과되거나무시당하기를원하지않는다.
⑩It's not that we necessarily wish to be famous, or some kind of celebrity (although apparently, many of us wish to be), it's more that we want to avoid invisibility.
⑯The finish line appeared in the distance, like a light of hope.
저멀리결승선이희망의빛처럼나타났다.
⑰Tears of joy flowed freely as Amy and Riley crossed the finish line hand in hand.
Amy와Riley가손을잡고결승선을넘었을때,기쁨의눈물이마구흘러내렸다.
⑱"Amy, you were my rock. Whenever I felt like giving up, you were there to push me forward."
"Amy,너는나의버팀목이었어.내가포기하고싶을때마다,너는나를앞으로나아가게해주었어."
⑲In that moment, they knew that they had achieved something far greater than just completing a marathon ─ they had conquered their fears, overcome obstacles. and proven that with the support of a true friend by your side, anything is possible.
①At a rich merchant's house, there was a birthday party for the merchant's son, and the children of rich and great people were there.
어느부유한상인의집에서상인의아들을위한생일파티가열렸고,부유하고대단한사람들의자녀들이참석했다.
②Among them was a handsome boy, the son of the editor of a newspaper.
그중에는신문사편집장의아들인잘생긴소년이있었다.
③He said. "My dad can put everybody's dad in the newspaper. People are afraid of him, my mom says, because he can do whatever he wants with the paper."
④Because he needed someone who had previous experience climbing the mountain to help him navigate the dangerous terrain.
그가위험한지형을돌아다니는것을도와줄이전에그산을등반한경험이있는사람이필요했기때문이다.
⑤In fact, at one point, Tenzing saved Hillary's life.
실제로Tenzing은한때Hillary의목숨을구하기도했다.
⑥Learning another language must also be a team effort, and ideally the person by your side has already climbed that mountain and can show you how it's done.
⑦Unfortunately, one of the most common beliefs when it comes to learning a language is that it can only be learned from a native speaker.
안타깝게도언어학습에관한가장일반적인믿음중하나는원어민에게만배울수있다는것이다.
⑧And it is true that learning from a native speaker allows you to hear proper pronunciation and phrasing in a naturalistic way.
그리고원어민에게배우면제대로된발음과자연스러운방식의표현을들을수있다는것은사실이다.
⑨But learning from a native speaker alone is like being guided up Mt. Everest by someone who was born at the top of the mountain and is shouting directions down from above.
①William R. Brody, President of Johns Hopkins University, shares an inspiring story about two students at Columbia University.
Johns Hopkins대학교의총장인William R. Brody는Columbia대학교의두학생에대한감명깊은이야기를들려준다.
②One student, Sandy Greenberg, discovered he had an eye disease.
Sandy Greenberg라는한학생은자신이안질환을앓고있다는사실을알게되었다.
③It had not been discovered in time, and he became blind.
제때발견하지못해,그는눈이멀었다.
④Fortunately, Sandy's roommate, named Art, read his textbooks to him every night, enabling Sandy to graduate with honors and earn a Fulbright Scholarship.
⑩That former roommate was Art Garfunkel, and his friend was Paul Simon.
그전룸메이트는Art Garfunkel이었고,그의친구는Paul Simon이었다.
⑪The demo record created with Sandy's $500 became their first hit, "The Sound of Silence," launching the career of the legendary American folk duo, Simon and Garfunkel.
Sandy의500달러를가지고만든데모음반은그들의첫번째히트곡인'The Sound of Silence'가되었고,전설적인미국포크듀오Simon and Garfunkel의경력이시작되었다.
⑫The act of generosity from Sandy was critical in their success.
Sandy의관대한행동은이들의성공에결정적이었다.
⑬Years later, in a touching twist, Art Garfunkel sang at the wedding of Sandy Greenberg's daughter, illustrating the lasting bond between the two friends.
몇년후, Art Garfunkel은감동적인반전으로Sandy Greenberg의딸결혼식에서노래를불러두친구의영원한유대를보여줬다.
⑭Sandy's support helped Art and Paul achieve their dreams, just as Art's support had enabled Sandy to succeed in his academic pursuits.
②With our lease coming to an end, we've finally made the decision.
②저희의임대계약이종료됨에따라,저희는마침내결정을내렸습니다.
③While we've loved our time on 125th Street, our business has changed a lot in the last few years and we realized we wanted a location with more baking space that would better serve the community we live in.
⑦Thank you for your continued support, and we look forward to welcoming you to our new home!
⑦여러분의지속적인성원에감사드리며,새로운보금자리에서여러분을맞이할수있기를고대합니다!
⑧Warm regards, Becky Bloom
⑧Becky Bloom드림
[Ch.01 Unit 01 - 1번]음악저작권침해
①Dear valued players,
①소중한이용자여러분께
②Recently, we at Silver Lining Studio discovered that two songs in our "Behind the Frame" game soundtrack might have been used without permission from their creators, thus violating the rights of others' works.
②최근저희Silver Lining Studio는"Behind the Frame"게임사운드트랙의두곡이원작자의허락없이사용되어타인의저작물에대한권리를침해했을수도있다는것을발견했습니다.
③We extend our deepest apologies for this matter and sincerely regret any harm or disappointment this may have caused to the original composers and all of you who play our game.
⑪Sincerely, Rachel Garcia Customer Support Manager
⑪고객지원매니저Rachel Garcia드림
[Ch.01 Unit 01 - 3번]제품색상오류
①Dear Valued Customer,
①소중한고객님께
②We at May Summer Online Clothing Store thank you for choosing our new fall sweater.
②저희의신상품가을스웨터를선택해주셔서우리May Summer온라인의류점은감사드립니다.
③We are truly grateful for your purchase and overwhelmed by the popularity of our latest collection.
③저희는귀하의구매에진심으로감사드리며,최신컬렉션의인기에압도되고있습니다.
④However, we also deeply regret any disappointment you may feel due to the color difference between the clothes displayed on our website (dark red) and the actual product (bright scarlet).
⑤We understand the disappointment this may have caused upon delivery.
⑤배송시이로인해생겼을수도있는실망감을저희는이해합니다.
⑥Your satisfaction is our priority, and we are committed to making things right.
⑥고객님의만족이저희의최우선사항이며저희는문제를바로잡는것에전념하고있습니다.
⑦Please provide your address and preferred pick-up date on our website, and we will promptly arrange for the return of the item and process your refund accordingly.
⑧We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this has caused and assure you that we are taking steps to ensure accurate representation of our products in the future.
④My father had mentioned that we couldn't afford to keep them all and should find them new homes.
④아버지는이들을모두키울형편이안되니새집을찾아줘야한다고언급했었다.
⑤I dashed toward the house to stop my father, but I overheard him saying, "You don't quite catch my meaning, Mr. Grear. I'm not asking for a higher price for this puppy."
①The wagons full of young friends started arriving.
①젊은친구들로가득찬마차가도착하기시작했다.
②Everyone in and around the neighborhood knew the Jensen family, and was pleased to have been invited.
②동네와인근의모든사람이Jensen가족을알고있었고,초대받은것을기뻐했다.
③Katie and Dolly were perfect hosts welcoming each guest.
③Katie와Dolly는각각의손님을맞이하는완벽한주인이었다.
④When everyone had arrived, they gathered in the kitchen for the taffy making.
④모두가도착하자,그들은태피만들기를위해주방에모였다.
⑤Katie mixed all the ingredients for the taffy candy, while the young men carried in wood for the old cook stove.
⑤Katie는태피사탕을위한모든재료를섞었고,젊은남자들은오래된조리용화덕에사용할땔감을가져왔다.
⑥She placed the ingredients in the huge iron frying pans, and soon the delicious smell of candy floated throughout the house.
⑥그녀가커다란철제프라이팬에재료를넣자곧맛있는사탕냄새가집안가득퍼졌다.
⑦There was a glass of cold water for testing the doneness of the candy.
⑦사탕의완성도를테스트하기위한찬물한잔이놓여있었다.
⑧If the candy formed a soft ball when dropped in the glass of water, it was time to take it out of the frying pans and start beating it with a wooden spoon.
③To apply this principle, we need to accept and value differences and diversity in our patients.
③이원칙을적용하려면,우리는환자의차이와다양성을인정하고가치있게여겨야한다.
④Patients come from different cultural, racial and religious backgrounds.
④환자는다양한문화적,인종적,종교적배경을가지고있다.
⑤Therefore, fairness and justice in this respect involves respecting and recognising their differences, not acting in a way that disadvantages the patient.
⑥In this regard, we need to consider other people's cultural differences when treating them.
⑥이러한점에서,우리는다른사람을대할때그들의문화적차이를고려해야한다.
⑦Importantly, justice is about advocating on behalf of all patients, whether they come in with a Western philosophical perspective or another philosophical perspective.
⑧Justice is not about treating all patients the same because it is not possible to justifiably treat all patients the same, since all patients are different and present with different ailments or complaints.
①Why have cities only recently seen a sudden increase in "greening" ─ from green roofs to new parks to tree planting to more energy efficient buses ─ despite the fact that sweeping federal environmental legislation was enacted more than 30 years ago?
②Quite simply, city leaders are recognizing that a cleaner environment is needed both to provide residents with a good quality of life and to compete in the global economy.
③America's manufacturing-based economy of the twentieth century has been transformed into a service-based knowledge economy.
③20세기제조업기반의미국경제는서비스기반의지식경제로변모했다.
④For the information age economy, environmental quality is a major economic asset.
④정보화시대경제에서,환경의질은주요한경제적자산이다.
⑤Skilled workers are increasingly footloose, able to settle just about anywhere there is broadband Internet access, and they are drawn to healthy. aesthetically pleasing environments.
⑦A quality environment produces jobs; a polluted environment costs jobs.
⑦양질의환경은일자리를창출하고,오염된환경은일자리를잃게한다.
[Ch.01 Unit 03 - 2번]필수정보를포함하는메모
①The brevity of memos can be wonderful, but you do need to make sure you communicate everything, or you'll just end up creating more work for yourself.
②For example, if you're using a memo to take a telephone message, make sure you include who called and when, what their message was, and how to call them back.
③If you forget any of these details, your memo will be practically pointless.
③이러한세부사항중하나라도잊어버리면,여러분의메모는사실상무의미할것이다.
④As you can see, it's very important not to sacrifice the content of your memo simply because memos are normally brief.
④여러분이알수있듯이,메모가보통간결하다는이유만으로메모의내용을희생시키지않는것이매우중요하다.
⑤If you can't fit all of the information you need into a memo, opt instead to write a letter or an e-mail.
⑤만일여러분이필요한모든정보를메모에담을수없다면,대신에편지나이메일쓰는것을선택하라.
⑥It's better to include all of the information you need to transmit than it is to omit critical details simply for the sake of making your message short.
①It is relatively uncontroversial that there are small structural and functional differences between male and female brains, perhaps contributing to some performance differences on tests of spatial and verbal abilities.
②Of paramount importance, but usually overlooked, is that similarities between the sexes far outweigh differences: differences between men and women are not as large as differences among members of the same sex.
③Even those scientists who have discovered functional performance differences between the brains of males and females are careful to point out that their research is tentative and suggestive, and that while their research attends to differences, similarities abound:
④"Fundamentally, the brains of men and women are more similar than different."
④"근본적으로남성과여성의뇌는서로다르기보다는비슷하다."
[Ch.01 Unit 04 -수능대비ANALYSIS]주식시장의무작위성
①"Human nature likes order," wrote the economist Burton Malkiel in his seminal book A Random Walk Down Wall Street.
①"인간의본성은질서를좋아한다."라고경제학자Burton Malkiel은그의영향력이큰책A Random Walk Down Wall Street에썼다.
②"People find it hard to accept the notion of randomness."
②"사람들은무작위성이라는개념을받아들이기힘들어한다."
③Malkiel popularized the idea that the movement of any individual stock in the market is essentially random ─ it's impossible to know why a stock is doing what it's doing.
④People who reliably make money from the market are those who own a diverse portfolio of different kinds of investments, which spreads out the risk, with the broader principle that the market, over the long haul, will eventually increase in value.
②Bears, cougars, and other wild animals sometimes remind us of their formidable presence.
②곰,쿠거,그리고다른야생동물은때때로자신의무시무시한존재감을우리에게상기시킨다.
③Despite the infrequency, there are a considerable number of accumulated instances where these guardians of the wilderness become aggressors, resulting in tragic outcomes for unsuspecting explorers.
⑥Similarly, in 2015, a comparable incident occurred, with initial suspicions falling on a nearby wolf pack.
⑥마찬가지로, 2015년에비슷한사건이발생했는데,처음에는인근늑대무리에게의심이쏠렸다.
⑦However, upon closer investigation, it became apparent that the wolves were innocent bystanders in the man's tragic fate, emphasizing the complexity inherent in such wilderness tragedies.
③More important, competitions oblige the architect to work in a vacuum.
③더중요한것은공모전이건축가를외부와단절된상태에서작업하게한다는점이다.
④In later life, I. M. Pei refused to enter competitions, since he considered that the best architecture could emerge only from a considered dialogue between architect and client.
④말년에, I. M. Pei는공모전에참가하기를거부했는데,건축가와의뢰인간의신중한대화를통해서만최고의건축물이나올수있다고생각했기때문이다.
⑤Nevertheless, the public favors competitions, since they provide an opportunity for young talent to be recognized in a field that tends to privilege age and experience.
⑥Clients like competitions, since they provide an opportunity to choose between several designs ─ and several architects ─ while fund-raisers use competitions as a way to raise public interest in a building project.
⑦Everyone loves a horse race ─ except, perhaps, the horses.
⑦아마도말을제외하고는,모두가경마를좋아하는것같다.
[Ch.01 Unit 04 - 3번]무의식이주는신호
①In an experiment conducted by Antoine Bechara, participants were given $2,000 in play money and four decks of cards and were told that they were to use them in a game.
⑦But when their behaviour was analysed, Bechara discovered something remarkable.
⑦하지만그들의행동이분석되었을때Bechara는놀라운사실을발견했다.
⑧Measurements of the electrical conductance of their skin, which can reveal levels of anxiety and nervousness, indicated that their emotions were subtly warning them against the bad decks after just ten turns.
①The introduction of scientific methods into medical practice transformed the profession as well as its object.
①과학적방법이의료행위에도입되면서그것의목적뿐만아니라(의료)전문직도바뀌였다.
②Until the late nineteenth century, doctors were not required to have studied medicine and were relied on mainly to provide comfort and guidance to their patients.
③As the practice of medicine shifted from cure to prevention, doctors were now expected to provide results based on scientific evidence.
③의료행위가치료에서예방으로옮겨가면서의사들은이제과학적증거에기반한결과를제공하도록기대되었다.
④As a result of this access to forms of knowledge beyond the understanding of the general public, more authority and power was granted to the medical profession, and the nature of the doctor/patient relationship changed.
⑤Once the source of a disease was identified, patients expected that doctors should be able to cure them.
⑤질병의원인이확인되면환자들은의사가자신을치료할수있을것으로기대했다.
⑥Additionally, those doctors with scientific training were now distinguished from a range of alternative healers, from homeopaths to midwives, resulting in an elevation in the eyes of the public of the status of the profession as compared with other healing practices, which persists today.
①For millions of years, sea turtles would come to the beaches of Florida to spawn and their hatchlings would head toward the sea ─ to live a life far away ─ and to return to Florida years later.
③The sea beautifully reflects the light of the moon and the stars, and for millions of years, a simple algorithm of "head toward the light at night" allowed the turtles to effectively head toward the sea to pursue an effective life strategy.
⑤Miami and the other big cities on the coast of Florida are filled with lots of bright lights at night, so this led to an ecological disaster for the sea turtles.
⑥Shaped by evolution to head toward light at night, hatchlings started toward the highways and cities by the millions ─ meeting premature death instead of a long sea-dwelling life.
①Those who migrate out of poor countries today need to have the money to afford the cost of travel and have the grit (or the advanced degrees) required to overcome a system of immigration control typically loaded against them.
②For this reason, a lot of them bring exceptional talents ─ skills, ambition, patience, and stamina ─ that help them become job creators, or raise children who will be job creators.
③A report by the Center for American Entrepreneurship found that, in 2017, out of the largest five hundred US companies by revenue, 43 percent were founded or co-founded by immigrants or the children of immigrants.
④Moreover, immigrant-founded firms account for 52 percent of the top twenty-five firms, 57 percent of the top thirty-five firms, and nine of the top thirteen most valuable brands.
①Traditionally, garbage is considered the detritus of consumer and industrial practices.
①전통적으로쓰레기는소비자및산업관행의부산물로여겨진다.
②It is the stuff that is no longer useful, that we no longer wish to have in our homes or personal spaces, that we want to throw away.
②그것은더이상유용하지않고,우리가집이나개인공간에더이상두고싶지않으며,우리가버리고싶은것이다.
③Perhaps precisely due to the proliferation of trash in material space, it has arguably also become a resource ─ something that has value and can be sold on at a profit.
④Artists ─ most often at the leading edge of rethinking materiality, value, and beauty ─ are among the first social actors to have taken seriously the possibility of reusing trash to make new things.
⑤Taking the discarded objects of others as found materials, many artists work with trash in order to create new aesthetic objects while at the same time making a commentary on the place of trash in the social and cultural world.
①The contents of your consciousness are continually changing.
①의식의내용은끊임없이변화하고있다.
②Rarely does consciousness come to a standstill.
②의식이정지하는경우는거의없다.
③It moves, it flows, it fluctuates, it wanders.
③그것은움직이고,흐르고,계속변화하고,방황한다.
④For example, in one study, 2,250 adults were contacted randomly during waking hours and asked whether their mind was wandering from their current activity.
①The graph above shows the share of the population of people in young, working age, and older groups in four selected countries in 2021.
①위도표는2021년선별된4개국의유소년층,경제활동연령층,고령층의인구점유율을보여준다.
②Among the countries, Japan exhibited the lowest proportion of young individuals and the highest proportion of older individuals, indicating its status as an aging society.
③In contrast, Kenya stood out with 38 percent of its population falling into the young age group and only 3 percent in the older group, making it the country with the largest percentage point difference between these two age groups.
④Of the four countries, the United States displayed the smallest gap between the percentage of young and older groups, with just a 1 percentage point difference.
④4개국중에,미국은유소년층과고령층비율간가장작은격차를보였는데, 1퍼센트포인트차이에불과했다.
⑤Across all four countries, the working age group accounted for the largest proportion, exceeding 50 percent in each country.
⑤4개국모두에걸쳐,경제활동연령층이가장큰비율을차지했는데,이는모든나라에서50퍼센트를넘었다.
⑥Italy had the highest percentage of working age people among the four countries, at 64 percent.
⑥이탈리아는4개국중가장높은경제활동연령인의비율을보였는데, 64퍼센트였다.
[Ch.02 Unit 06 - 1번] Concertoi피아노수업
①⟪Concertoi Piano Lessons by Tammy Keller⟫
①⟪Tammy Keller의Concertoi피아노수업⟫
②Accepting Only 8 Students!
②단여덟명의학생만받습니다!
③Registration Fee: $40 (includes the first week's lesson, lesson books, theory books, and supplemental materials)
③등록비: 40달러(첫주수업,수업교재와이론서,보충자료가포함되어있습니다)
④Weekly Lesson Fee
④주1회수업료
⑤- Ages 4-6: $10 per 30 minutes
⑤- 4~6세: 30분당10달러
⑥- Ages 7-Adult: $15 per hour
⑥- 7세~성인:시간당15달러
⑦Lesson Schedule
⑦수업일정
⑧- Lessons are held on Mondays during the Summer.
⑧-여름동안에는월요일마다수업이진행됩니다.
⑨- Summer Lessons begin Monday, July 14.
⑨-여름수업은7월14일월요일에시작됩니다.
⑩Available Lesson Times: 11:30 AM-6:30 PM
⑩가능한수업시간:오전11시30분~오후6시30분
⑪Location: 143 Grove Street, Midtown, 12511
⑪위치: 143 Grove Street, Midtown, 12511
⑫To secure your spot, call 500-6134.
⑫자리를확보하려면, 500-6134로전화주세요.
[Ch.02 Unit 06 - 2번]스마트폰이미국십대의삶에미치는영향
①The above graph shows U.S. teens' perceptions of how using smartphones affects five specific aspects of life.
④The percentage of teens who said smartphones make it easier for teens to do well in school was 45%, which is 15 percentage points higher than that of teens who said smartphones make it neither easier nor harder to do so.
⑤The percentage of U.S. teens who said using smartphones makes it easier to develop healthy friendships was the same as that of those who said it makes the process harder.
②Join us for the Zero Carbon Footprint Camp, an exciting opportunity for Pelton High School students to explore the importance of taking action on climate change.
④1) Listening to a guest speaker's presentation on climate change
④1)기후변화에관한초청연사의발표듣기
⑤2) Participating in discussions about climate change and its impact on our planet
⑤2)기후변화와그것이우리지구에미치는영향에관한토론에참여하기
⑥3) Calculating your own carbon footprint using online tools
⑥3)온라인도구를활용하여자신의탄소발자국계산하기
⑦4) Contributing to our campus garden by planting trees
⑦4)나무를심어서본교캠퍼스정원에기여하기
⑧(In case of rain, the gardening session will be replaced with craft activities.)
⑧(비가올경우,원예시간은공예활동으로대체될것입니다.)
⑨Date: May 18 (Saturday)
⑨날짜: 5월18일(토요일)
⑩Time: 10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.
⑩시간:오전10시~오후5시
⑪Location: Pelton High School
⑪장소: Pelton고등학교
⑫Participation Fee: $10 per person (includes lunch)
⑫참가비: 1인당10달러(점심식사포함)
⑬Reserve your spot online at www.peltonhighschool.org by May 8.
⑬5월8일까지www.peltonhighschool.org에서온라인으로자리를예약하세요.
⑭Hurry, as spots are limited!
⑭자리가한정되어있으니,서두르세요!
[Ch.02 Unit 07 -수능대비ANALYSIS]고대중국의구기경기,축국
①Cuju, an ancient Chinese ball game, holds a significant place in sporting history.
①고대중국의구기경기인축국은스포츠역사에서중요한위치를차지한다.
②It was recognized by FIFA as one of the earliest foot-based sports.
②그것은국제축구연맹에의해발을사용하는최초의스포츠중하나로인정되었다.
③However, Cuju's influence on modern football was not direct.
③그러나축국이현대축구에직접적인영향을주지않았다.
④In Cuju, players aimed to kick the ball through a central hoop without letting it touch the ground, all while following the rule of not using their hands.
⑤Traditionally, the ball was crafted from leather, and matches took place on fields with two teams of equal size.
⑤전통적으로,공은가죽으로만들어졌으며,경기는같은크기의두팀이있는경기장에서열렸다.
⑥Players wore light and flexible clothes to move easily during the game.
⑥선수들은경기중에쉽게움직이기위해가볍고신축성있는옷을입었다.
⑦Beyond its sporting aspect, Cuju holds cultural significance in China, often included in celebratory occasions and events, highlighting its deep-rooted history in the country's heritage.
⑨One of his paintings can be seen at the Octavia Fellin Public Library in Gallup.
⑨그의그림중하나는갤럽의옥타비아펠린공립도서관에서볼수있다.
⑩He died in New York City in 1952.
⑩그는1952년뉴욕시에서사망했다.
[Ch.02 Unit 07 - 2번] Hibiscus mutabilis
①Hibiscus mutabilis, also known as the cotton rose, is a plant cultivated for its showy flowers.
①목화장미라고도알려진Hibiscus mutabilis는그것의화려한꽃을위해재배되는식물이다.
②Originally native to southern China, it is now found in all continents except Antarctica.
②원래중국남부가원산지인이식물은현재남극대륙을제외한모든대륙에서발견된다.
③The plant grows rapidly, and its flowers are 4-6 inch in diameter, blooming late summer right through autumn.
③이식물은빠르게자라며그것의꽃의지름은4~6인치로늦여름부터가을까지줄곧피어난다.
④The species name mutabilis means 'change' in Latin, referring to the changing color of the flowers from white in the morning through light pink during noon to a deep rosy red colour all in one day.
⑤Temperature is thought as an important factor affecting the rate of colour change as white flowers kept in the refrigerator remain white until they are taken out to warm, whereupon they slowly turn pink.
⑤Her impressive achievements helped advance women's sports, and she defied conventional expectations about combining family life with an athletic career.
⑥In recognition of her remarkable career, she was named the woman athlete of the twentieth century by the IAAF in 1999.
⑥뛰어난경력을인정받아그녀는1999년IAAF에의해20세기를대표하는여자선수로선정되었다.
[Ch.02 -논술형Practice]탄소세도입이경제에미치는영향
①A 2016 report by the Heritage Foundation that analyzed a carbon tax in the United States at one-third the rate paid by Swedish industrial firms argued that the tax would have "disastrous economic costs."
⑦This is not to argue that Sweden closed the gap between its growth rate and the US growth rate because of its carbon tax.
⑦스웨덴이탄소세'때문에'자국성장률과미국의성장률사이의격차를줄였다고주장하려는것은아니다.
⑧But it is hard to argue that the country has suffered a great deal due to its carbon tax.
⑧하지만스웨덴이탄소세로인해많은피해를입었다고주장하기는어렵다.
⑨In fact, Sweden's growth rate has exceeded the US growth rate since 2000.
⑨실제로2000년이후스웨덴의성장률은미국의성장률을넘어섰다.
[Ch.03 Unit 08 -수능대비ANALYSIS]비례대표제에대한우려
①Critics sometimes worry that by making it easier for small parties to win seats, proportional representation will encourage the growth of extremist groups standing on hateful or anti-democratic platforms.
④Proportional voting systems provide a democratic vent for populist anger and discontent, creating clear incentives for mainstream parties to address underlying social problems and to win back votes.
⑤We also have to remember that small parties can play a value role in highlighting specific issues that have been overlooked, as has often been the case with 'Green' parties.
⑥In any case, the European experience suggests that there is no overall tendency for extremist parties to increase their numbers over time under proportional systems.
③Infants and toddlers begin to play a role when they imitate adults' language, dress, or actions.
③영아와유아는어른의언어,옷차림또는행동을모방할때역할놀이를시작한다.
④An older child expands on this role by imitating familiar roles, such as a parent or doctor.
④더나이든아이는부모나의사와같은친숙한역할을모방함으로써0|역할을더상세히서술한다.
⑤The child uses gestures and language to communicate his understanding of what this role represents.
⑤아이는몸짓과언어를사용하여이역할이무엇을표현하는지에대한자신의이해를전달한다.
⑥He uses the doctor kit or kitchen playthings as props to support his actions while he plays.
⑥아이는놀이를하는동안자신의행동을뒷받침하기위해의사키트나주방장난감을소품으로사용한다.
⑦For instance, he may use a cylinder-shaped block as a syringe when pretending to be a doctor.
⑦예를들어아이는의사인척을할때,원통모양의블록을주사기로사용할수도있다.
⑧As he becomes familiar with other people and their roles, he may imitate them with the actions and verbalizations of a grocer, waiter, or firefighter.
②But cultures cannot be internalized without language.
②그러나문화는언어없이내면화될수없다.
③Indeed, language is the vehicle through which we learn about our social world, discover its rules and values, and express our personal natures, allowing us to connect with others, both in relationships of exchange and of caring.
⑤As far back as the origins of human history, groups of individuals sharing a common culture and language made contact with other groups, each unified by their own shared tongue.
⑥Of great value was anyone who could ably facilitate those intergroup contacts ─ those people who were multilingual.
⑥그러한집단사이의접촉을능숙하게원활히진행할수있는사람,즉다국어를구사하는사람이큰가치가있었다.
⑦Today we humans exist in a globally interconnected world.
⑦오늘날우리인간은전세계적으로상호연결된세상에존재한다.
⑧We can transact with people from anywhere in seconds through the internet, or visit them through rapid means of travel, and in doing so experience a bit of their cultures.
①To make art and design irresistible, the teacher must commit to providing opportunities that incite feelings of surprise and, thus motivational discovery and learning.
②This teaching approach is exciting ─ it allows the practitioner to consider what is tempting in learning, what drives an individual to find out and discover.
③The teacher needs to remember what it is about learning that makes it irresistible, and then design their lessons, their spaces of learning and their teaching materials accordingly.
④This is not teaching that rigidly conforms to an instructional, target-bound paradigm.
④이것은교육적이고목표에얽매인패러다임을엄격하게따르는가르침이아니다.
⑤It is essential to provide classrooms that have no ceiling when creative minds are operating and finding out.
⑤창의적인사고가작동하여발견하고있을때한계가없는교실을제공하는것이필수적이다.
⑥Classrooms of young children should be alive, dynamic and changeable, encouraged by a theme of the moment or an interest that pervades children's imaginations.
①When investors decide to buy physical goods, they follow a direct approach.
①투자자가물리적상품을구매하기로결정하면,그들은직접적인접근방식을따른다.
②This approach provides the purest exposure to the commodity's price, but involves a cost.
②이접근방식은상품의가격에대한가장순전한노출을제공하지만,비용을수반한다.
③When investors buy commodities, they need to understand the quality of the goods and the problems that can exist if that quality is lacking.
③투자자가상품을구매할때,그들은상품의품질과그품질이부족한경우존재할수있는문제를이해할필요가있다.
④Another problem is the presence of different costs relating to storage, insurance, and cash opportunity costs.
④또다른문제는보관,보험,현금기회비용과관련된다양한비용의존재이다.
⑤These costs affect the management of the physical good.
⑤이러한비용은물리적상품의관리에영향을준다.
⑥As a result of the disadvantages of direct investment, investors typically prefer to indirectly assume a position in commodity markets to avoid the problems linked to the management of physical goods.
①According to natural law theory, moral principles are not simply the result of human convention or social agreement, but are based on fundamental principles of nature, including human nature.
②The term "natural law" refers to a set of ethical and moral principles that are thought to be inherent in the natural world and applicable to all human beings.
④Natural law theorists believe that the natural world operates according to a set of rational principles, and that these principles can be discovered through human reason and observation.
⑤They argue that these principles provide a foundation for moral and legal systems, and that they are binding on all individuals, regardless of their cultural or social background.
⑥Critics of natural law theory argue that it relies too heavily on unprovable assumptions about the existence of a divine purpose, and that it fails to account for the diversity of moral beliefs and practices across cultures and historical periods.
③In Western academic writing, a 'linear' style is preferred, where one point leads directly and unambiguously to the next, with little room for digressions.
④The organization will depend on the purpose of the composition; a literary critique will have a different structure from a chemistry report.
④구성은작문의목적에따라달라질것이므로,문학비평은화학보고서와는다른구조를갖게마련이다.
⑤Part of learning a discipline is learning the writing organization appropriately to that discipline.
⑤어떤학문분야를배우는것의일부는그학문분야에적합하게글을구성하는것을배우는것이다.
⑥For example, academic papers in my discipline (Applied Linguistics) usually have sections (e.g., Introduction, Literature review, Discussion, Conclusion), which are typically signposted with headings that make the organization of the paper explicit.
①Habits are part of our everyday lives and therefore, when we don't clean our teeth, eat breakfast, have our morning coffee or have biscuits in the afternoon, we feel unsettled and a little bit stressed.
④And the habit carries on as it becomes the solution to the problem created when trying to change it.
④그리고습관이그것을바꾸려고할때생긴문제에대한해결책이됨에따라그습관은계속된다.
⑤It's a vicious circle.
⑤이는악순환이다.
⑥But it's the change in the habit which makes us feel stressed, not the absence of the actual behaviour.
⑥하지만우리에게스트레스를느끼게하는것은실제(습관)행동의부재가아니라습관의변화이다.
⑦And if we start to realise that the feeling of stress or worry is just 'withdrawal' and will only be made worse in the longer term if we give in and use the habit to get rid of it, then we can start to break the habit itself.
①You might notice that if you compare two products with the same function, but in very different price ranges, you'll tend to find that the more expensive the product is, the more likely it is to be sold in a way that emphasizes how it makes you feel, rather than its inherent function and properties.
③The economic advantage is simple to state: people will pay more for this extra kick.
③경제적인이득은설명하기간단한데,사람들은이추가효과에대해더많은비용을낼거라는것이다.
④This might seem like trickery ─ the consumer is fooled by the advertiser into believing that the product is more than it is, and is induced to pay more for it as a result.
⑤But the advertisers may well argue that these added associations create not just apparent ─ but real ─ added value for the product, that they change the consumer's experience of the product into something more.
①We seem to have developed a visual language of facial recognition that influences our emotional judgement of people, before we are even consciously aware of what those things really mean.
②And because it's evolutionarily wired in us to do this, there's no escaping it ─ humans are such a social species that it makes sense for us to be able to quickly assess if someone is friend or foe.
⑤Professor Alexander Todorov from Princeton University explains that, perhaps because we're now exposed to so many faces, our visual cortices have gone for the simplest groupings and attributed certain features to certain personality traits, but as a result we're susceptible to the worst type of visual stereotyping.
①It takes on average half a second for the unconscious mind to process incoming sensory stimuli into conscious perceptions.
①무의식이들어오는감각자극을의식적지각으로처리하는데에는평균적으로0.5초가걸린다.
②Yet we are not aware of this time delay ─ you think you see things move as they move, and when you stub your toe you get the impression of knowing about it right away.
③This illusion of immediacy is created by an ingenious mechanism, which backdates conscious perceptions to the time when the stimulus first entered the brain.
④On the face of it, this seems impossible because cortical signals take the same "real" time to process to consciousness, but somehow we are tricked into thinking we feel things earlier.
⑤One way it might be explained is that consciousness consists of many parallel streams and that the brain jumps from one to another, revising them and redrafting them.
①We not only absorb' our moral codes and definitions of right and wrong from the group; the group also transmits cues about cooperation and defection and what it means to act in a trustworthy manner.
②People are more likely to suppress their self-interest in favor of the group interest if they feel that others are doing so as well, and they're less likely to do so if they feel that others are taking advantage of them.
③But unlike big cats or terrifying wolves that were obvious predators, upright primates didn't automatically fit the predator template for most animals.
④Numerous examples from around the world during the past five centuries testify that upon initially encountering humans, many wild creatures did not associate us with a threat.
②Literally, these expressions do not make any sense.
②문자그대로는,이러한표현은이치에전혀맞지않는다.
③"An election" is not something that can physically be "ahead" of us in any measurable or observable way, and the "Winter" is not something that can be physically "behind" us.
④Hundreds of thousands of these expressions, whose meaning is not literal but metaphorical, can be observed in human everyday language: "he is a cold person," "she has strong opinions," "the market is quite depressed."
⑤Metaphor, in this sense, is not just a figure of speech, or an exceptional communicational tool in the hands of poets and artists.
⑤이런의미에서,은유는단지수사적표현,혹은시인이나예술가들의특별한의사소통도구인것만이아니다.
⑥It is an ordinary mechanism of thought.
⑥그것은평범한사고의기제이다.
⑦Usually operating unconsciously and effortlessly, it permeates nearly every aspect of human everyday (and technical) language, making imagination possible.
①Water essentially has no persona of its own, but has an extraordinary quality.
①물은본질적으로자신만의페르소나는없지만,놀라운특성을가지고있다.
②Water as a liquid has no shape, yet it is readily defined by its surroundings.
②액체로서의물은형태가없지만,그것의주변환경에의해쉽게정의된다.
③Water has no hardness; it is completely yielding to the touch, yet is hard as concrete when impacted at high speed.
③물은단단함이없어,만지면전적으로순응하지만,빠른속도로충돌하면콘크리트처럼단단하다.
④Water has no color when viewed in a transparent container, yet becomes vividly green or blue as an ocean, and readily reflects at its surface everything around it.
②In my classes, I ask students to draw a map by hand, in just five minutes, showing their route to and from class.
②내수업시간에나는학생들에게단5분안에,수업을오가는경로를보여주는지도를손으로그려보라고요청한다.
③No two maps are ever entirely the same, of course, and none are to scale.
③물론두지도가완전히똑같은경우는없으며,어느것도축척대로설계될수없다.
④Nevertheless, most of the maps are easily understood.
④그럼에도불구하고,대부분의지도는쉽게이해된다.
⑤This shows that while we all produce our own versions of spatial reality, we can see particular landmarks that communicate to all of us in a social community.
⑦Such maps tend to include informal but understood cultural references.
⑦그런지도는비공식적이지만이해가되는문화적참조표시를포함하는경향이있다.
⑧Where a professionally made street map might give you numbered addresses, a mental map is more likely to describe a route by referencing visible features like "a giant blue gorilla" outside a car dealership or "that old pink Victorian house. "
①People tend to pay less attention to familiar things, whether it's a possession or even a person.
①사람들은소유물이든사람이든간에,익숙한것에주의를덜기울이는경향이있다.
②On the whole, this adaptive behavior is biologically useful (for objects, events, and situations), because it is usually the novel, unexpected things in life that require the most attention.
⑤Your brain would respond again only when something new was presented.
⑤뇌는새로운것이제시될때만다시반응할것이다.
⑥Scientists have shown that the biggest responses always come with the least expected event.
⑥과학자들은가장큰반응은항상가장예상치못한사건에서온다는것을보여주었다.
⑦A simple sentence such as, "He picked up the hammer and nail" gives a tiny response; change the last few words, "He picked up the hammer and ate it," and you'll see a much larger one.
①In one experiment, Keith Markman and two colleagues gave participants ten anagrams to solve.
①한실험에서, Keith Markman과두명의동료는참가자들에게풀어야할10개의철자순서를바꾸어만든말을주었다.
②After supposedly "grading" the results, they told participants that they'd found only half of the available words.
②겉으로보기에결과를'채점'한후,그들은참가자들에게가능한단어중절반만찾았다고말했다.
③Then they poked people with a little regret.
③그런다음그들은사람들에게약간의후회감을슬쩍불러일으켰다.
④"Close your eyes and think about your actual performance on the anagrams compared to how you might have performed better," they told the participants.
⑤"Take a minute and vividly evaluate your performance in comparison to how you might have performed better."
⑤"잠시여러분의실제성과를여러분이성과를더잘냈을수도있는방식과비교하여생생하게평가해보세요."
⑥Their heads now swimming with If Onlys, these puzzle-solvers felt worse ─ especially compared to another group that had been asked to make At Least comparisons.
①In your pursuit of proficiency in a foreign language, it's important that you study topics that are neither too easy nor too difficult for you at any given point in time.
②This is particularly true if you're studying a language largely on your own.
②이는여러분이주로혼자서언어를공부하고있다면특히사실이다.
③If you already have a working knowledge of Greek, for example, it wouldn't be very helpful to spend all of your time studying basic vocabulary or completing elementary exercises, although some overlearning can be beneficial.
④Although it may make you feel good about yourself to effortlessly rattle off simple phrases like "Where is the train station?" ultimately, rehearsing only easy material is not the best use of your study time.
⑤By the same token, if you're a beginner, then jumping into a difficult topic, like the grammar for a language's subjunctive mood, is not time well spent either.
①Literacy is crucial to the teaching-learning process that occurs in the middle grades because this is when young adolescents begin to move from narrative to expository text, a process that places increasing demands on the students' literacy skills.
②Unfortunately, despite these increasing demands on their literacy skills, formal reading instruction ends for many young adolescents once they enter middle school.
③One reason for this is that only about 50 percent of middle-grades teachers receive training in the teaching of literacy, broadly conceived as integrated reading, writing, speaking, and listening.
⑥Given the increasing emphasis on integrated curricula in the middle grades, all teachers, regardless of the subjects they teach, are being called on to integrate the language arts into their subjects.
①Many people who aspire to be novelists began their writing careers as journalists.
①소설가가되기를열망하는많은사람이언론인으로서글쓰기경력을시작했다.
②The thirteen-year-old Anne Frank had exactly this in mind for herself, and it is hard to believe that someone so full of life and so gifted at writing as a child would not have accomplished what she set out to do had the Nazis not murdered her.
④There are many others, too ─ Martha Gellhorn, Jack London, Margaret Mitchell (Gone With the Wind), Tom Wolfe ─ who wrote for newspapers or magazines before turning to fiction.
④Martha Gellhorn, Jack London, Margaret Mitchell(Gone With the Wind를쓴), Tom Wolfe등소설로전향하기전에신문이나잡지에글을기고했던많은다른사람들도있다.
⑤John Steinbeck, already a published novelist, wrote a series of pieces on the Okie migrant camps of California for the San Francisco News before writing his most celebrated book, also about the migrants, The Grapes of Wrath.
⑤이미출간한소설가였던John Steinbeck은자신의가장유명한책이자,역시이주민들에관한The Grapes of Wrath를쓰기전에San Francisco News에캘리포니아의이주농업노동자이주민캠프에대한일련의기사를썼다.
[Ch.04 Unit 12 - 3번]길을찾는능력이인류에게미친영향
①Over the course of our evolution between 350,000 and 150,000 years ago, Homo sapiens developed an appetite for exploration and a wayfinding spirit that set us apart from other human species.
③One of the most intriguing recent ideas in anthropology is that our ability to navigate was essential to our success as a species, because it allowed us to cultivate extensive social networks.
④In prehistoric times, when people lived in small family units and spent much of their time looking for food and shelter, being able to share information with other groups about the whereabouts of resources and the movements of predators would have given us an evolutionary edge.
①Culture is the strategic response to the survival needs of society.
①문화는사회의생존요구에대한전략적대응이다.
②Evolutionary psychology would argue that culture is a direct outcome of reproductive success and biological fitness.
②진화심리학은문화가번식의성공과생물학적적합성의직접적인결과라고주장할것이다.
③People who can adapt to their environment through social organization are more likely to leave offspring and ensure continuity in the future.
③사회조직을통해환경에적응할수있는사람들은자손을남겨미래에연속성을보장할가능성이더크다.
④In the course of social development, people have learned to solve a variety of issues and problems that allowed adaptation to a particular ecological context.
④사회발전과정에서사람들은특정한생태적환경에적응할수있게했던다양한사안과문제를해결하는것을배웠다.
⑤In Greenland, the Scandinavian colony eventually died out because they did not adapt to the harsh climate and the need to rely on the sea for food, but rather continued with their European herding practices and primitive agriculture.
⑥By contrast, the local Inuit people continued to function and adapt without interruption as their food was largely available from hunting and fishing.
⑦The culture of the native Inuit population was adaptive, leading to reproductive success and survival.
⑦이누이트원주민사람들의문화는적응성이있어서번식의성공과생존으로이어졌다.
[Ch.04 -논술형Practice]식품산업의교묘함
①The ingenuity of the food industry is demonstrated by its ability to simultaneously design and market new products that appeal to consumers who want both "good-for-you" and diet foods.
②By offering one product line that profits by producing obesity and another that generates revenues by claiming to reduce weight, food companies have found a way to have their cake and eat it, too.
③In these "healthier" products, food companies remove some of the calories, sugars, fats, and salt added to "fun-to-eat foods" in order to address consumers' concerns about health.
④Others simply add nutrients to the same unhealthy product.
④다른회사들은단순히건강에좋지못한바로그제품에영양소를추가한다.
⑤For example, cereal companies simply add vitamins A, C, or iron to sweetened refined-grain products, then label them as "healthy," rather than using the whole grains recommended for healthier diets.
⑥In 2009, 86 percent of cereal marketed to children contained mostly refined grain.
⑥2009년에어린이에게판매된시리얼의86퍼센트에는대부분정제곡물이들어있었다.
[Ch.05 Unit 13 -수능대비ANALYSIS]농업에대한보조금
①To avoid famine and economic dislocation, countries use different kinds of policies to provide incentives or disincentives for the production of different crops.
④Almost every developed country has found itself subsidizing agricultural producers.
④거의모든선진국은농업생산자에게보조금을지급하는실정이다.
⑤The exceptions ─ New Zealand, Australia, and to some extent Canada ─ represent special cases since they do not have large rural populations and their natural advantages in certain crops permit them to produce at lower costs than most other countries.
⑥Subsidies ensure agricultural surpluses under most conditions, and they allow producers in a country that subsidizes agriculture to reap benefits as producers in non-subsidizing countries are forced out of business.
①Houses in Britain are too expensive in relation to income for households to buy a house for ready money at the beginning of their housing career or accumulate the purchase money from prior savings.
②Most householders must therefore either hire a house, or buy one with borrowed money.
②따라서대부분의가구주는주택을임차하거나,융자금으로주택을구입해야한다.
③Housing must therefore be financed, and the finance has to be for a long term.
③따라서주택구입에는반드시자금이공급되어야하며,그자금공급은장기적이어야한다.
④For buyers using borrowed funds, long-term loans are necessary to ensure that the principal repayments can be spread out thinly enough to be covered by annual income.
⑤The investor in rental properties often finds that the yearly rent only covers a small portion of the debt used to purchase the property.
⑤임대부동산투자자는연간임대료가부동산을구입하는데사용된부채의작은일부만감당하는것을보통알게된다.
[Ch.05 Unit 13 - 2번]경제이론의기본가정
①The customary starting point for economic theory, the basic model to which other situations and policy options are compared, is a system of perfectly competitive markets.
②This imagined economy is populated exclusively by small producers and individual consumers, all possessed of very broad information and very narrow motives and desires.
③In such an economy, under long lists of traditional but unrealistic assumptions, economists have proved that there is always an "equilibrium" ─ that is, a set of prices at which supply equals demand for every commodity.
④The invisible hand of market competition, in Adam Smith's famous metaphor, ensures that every resource is used wherever it will produce the greatest value for consumers.
⑤Any deviation from the free-market outcome will make someone worse off, so there is no possible change to a market equilibrium that could win unanimous support.
①Over the years, the sports sector and the media sector have developed a self-interest relationship.
①수년에걸쳐,스포츠분야와미디어분야는사리추구의관계를발전시켜왔다.
②Both industries gain benefits from the complementary nature of their interests: while sport provides valuable content and audiences for media operators, the media is a revenue source and promotional tool for sport.
③The sale of exclusive live sports broadcasting rights is an important, if not the principal, source of revenue for sports organisations and clubs, whereas live sports content is decisive for media operators to create attractive programming for their audience.
④Wide coverage through television, for instance, can result in significant exposure for sports leagues.
④예를들어,텔레비전을통한광범위한보도는스포츠리그에상당한노출을가져올수있다.
⑤Such exposure can deliver private benefits to the league and the clubs in the form of increased revenue from sponsorship and attraction of new supporters.
⑤이러한노출은협찬과새로운후원자유치로부터증가된수익의형태로리그와구단에사적인이익을제공할수있다.
⑥This implies that, without cameras, major sports events would have virtually no meaning at all.
⑥이는주요스포츠행사가카메라없이는사실상의미가전혀없을것이라는점을의미한다.
[Ch.05 Unit 14 -수능대비ANALYSIS]나비표본의모양
①Until the camera came along to take photographs of living butterflies, the standard image of a butterfly was a grossly distorted one.
①살아있는나비를촬영할수있는카메라가등장하기전까지,나비의표준이미지는심하게왜곡된것이었다.
②It shows them not as they are in life but in death. mounted on a pin in a museum.
②이는그것들을살아있는그대로가아니라죽은상태로보여주는데,박물관의핀에꽂혀붙어있다.
③The wings are held out flat at ninety degrees to the body ─ a posture which would sorely test the ligaments of any butterfly.
③날개는몸과90도각도로납작하게펼쳐져있는데,어떤나비에게도인대를몹시시험할자세일것이다.
④It is nevertheless the shape which we instantly recognise as 'butterfly', whether in bow-ties or the pasta the Italians call farfalle (after farfalla, a butterfly).
①The central role of music and language in human existence and the fact that both involve complex and meaningful sound sequences naturally invite comparison between the two domains.
②Yet from the standpoint of modern cognitive science, music-language relations have barely begun to be explored.
②그러나현대인지과학의관점에서볼때,음악과언어의관계는이제겨우탐구되기시작했다.
③This situation appears to be poised to change rapidly, as researchers from diverse fields are increasingly drawn to this interdisciplinary enterprise.
④The appeal of such research is easy to understand.
④이러한연구의매력은쉽게이해할수있다.
⑤Humans are unparalleled in their ability to make sense out of sound.
⑤인간은소리에서의미를찾아내는능력에서견줄데가없다.
⑥In many other branches of our experience (e.g., visual perception, touch), we can learn much from studying the behavior and brains of other animals because our experience is not that different from theirs.
④Waist circumference is another commonly used measure because excess abdominal fat ─ more than 40 inches for men and 35 inches for women ─ increases the risk of developing obesity-related conditions.
⑤While both are used to screen for potential risk, they aren't diagnostic tools.
⑤비록둘다잠재적위험을검진하는데사용되지만,진단도구는아니다.
⑥Instead of using weight or measures like BMI to define well-being, an alternative "health at every size" approach focuses on sustainable health-promoting behavior regardless of body size.
⑦Proponents argue a weight-neutral approach is healthier because it avoids the potentially harmful effects of repeated dieting, such as a higher risk of early death and psychological distress.
⑧Ultimately, nutrition and health are socioeconomic issues that require understanding and empathy.
⑧궁극적으로,영양과건강은이해와공감이있어야하는사회경제적문제이다.
[Ch.05 Unit 14 - 3번]농장자료의소유권
①It is common to read that farm data belongs to the farmer.
①농장자료는농부에게속한다고명시되어있는것이일반적이다.
②It is sometimes even stated in contracts.
②때로는그것이심지어계약서에명시되기도한다.
③However, 'ownership' is a legal assertion and data ownership is not addressed by legislation except for copyright for datasets as intellectual products.
④This is partly due to the peculiar nature of data compared to other goods that can be owned.
④이는부분적으로는소유될수있는다른재화와비교되는자료의독특한특성때문이다.
⑤In legal terms, it is non-rivalrous: the same data can be in different places and be owned by different people because, when data is copied or migrated to other platforms, it remains the same.
⑥In addition, there is a difference between data collected in a structured dataset, which can be considered as an intellectual product by law, and raw data as individual, unstructured bits before they are collected and made sense of.
⑦These raw data are similar to facts, for which no copyright and no ownership is legally applicable.
⑦이러한미가공자료는사실과유사한데,이에대해서는어떠한저작권이나소유권도법적으로적용가능하지않다.
[Ch.05 Unit 15 -수능대비ANALYSIS]원활한의사소통이좋은디자인의요건이되는이유
①Good design starts with an understanding of psychology and technology.
①좋은디자인은심리학과기술에대한이해에서시작된다.
②Good design requires good communication, especially from machine to person, indicating what actions are possible, what is happening, and what is about to happen.
⑦Actually, this is where the most satisfaction can arise: when something goes wrong but the machine highlights the problems, then the person understands the issue, takes the proper actions, and the problem is solved.
①When we read about psychology, how do we assess the quality of what we read?
①우리가심리학에관해읽을때,어떻게읽은내용의질을평가할수있을까?
②First, we cannot judge the quality of an argument on the basis of what it concludes about people, or on the basis of whether we agree with the author's beliefs about people or not.
③It is quite possible for two excellent psychologists to differ strongly about an aspect of human behaviour, while both providing convincing arguments and good evidence for reaching their conclusions.
⑥This does not mean, necessarily, that either of the researchers did bad work.
⑥이것이반드시두연구자중어느한명이잘못된연구를했다는것을의미하지는않는다.
⑦On the contrary, different findings from different contexts may give us important information.
⑦그와는반대로,서로다른맥락에서나온서로다른연구결과들은우리에게중요한정보를제공할수있을것이다.
[Ch.05 Unit 15 - 2번]직접적경험과단어규정의관계
①'I'll believe it when I see it.'
①'나는그것을보면믿을것이다.'
②This familiar remark recalls how first-hand personal experience is commonly accepted as a convincing way ─ if not the fundamental way ─ to determine what to believe in.
⑦Otherwise, the word should be regarded as only a meaningless sound.
⑦그렇지않으면,그단어는단순히무의미한소리로여겨져야한다.
⑧This experience-tied theory of meaning was advocated by the Scottish philosopher David Hume, an empiricist who believed that knowledge of what exists or is true can only come from observing the world.
④Anger always results in a much increased burst of energy and, although biologically based, is seen by some psychologists as largely socially constructed.
⑤That is, some people might be temperamentally more prone to anger than others, but the extent to which they express this is probably socially determined.
⑥In our culture, for example, boys are encouraged to express their anger more openly than girls and a far greater proportion of men than women are made to take anger management courses.
⑦These are learned differences. not differences of biology.
⑦이는생물학적차이가아니라학습된차이이다.
[Ch.05 Unit 16 -수능대비ANALYSIS]온라인정보탐색
①As it has done in so many areas, the information-rich online environment has added a new dimension to the area of timeliness.
①매우많은분야에서그랬던것처럼,정보가풍부한온라인환경은시의적절함이라는영역에새로운차원을더했다.
②Years ago, learners were restricted to searching for information that was often available only in environments accessible by foot, car, bicycle, or public transportation.
③It took time to get to information repositories, let alone to find good information.
③좋은정보를찾는것은말할것도없이,정보저장소에접근하는데도시간이걸렸다.
④Today, learners can find information instantly through devices that we carry in our pockets, purses, and back-packs.
④오늘날학습자는주머니,지갑,배낭에넣어서가지고다니는기기를통해정보를즉시찾을수있다.
⑤Then, information seeking involved painstakingly finding a few "good" resources among the limited (but vetted) possibilities that were physically accessible.
⑦Given many students' tendency to delay ─ as well as to finish assignments in the least amount of time possible ─ the dangers of limiting one's information seeking to the online environment are clear.
⑧[Summary] The transition from physical access to limited resources to instant online access has created an abundance of unverified information, which highlights the risks of exclusively relying on online sources for learning.
①From a psychological point of view, bad is stronger than good.
①심리학적관점에서,나쁜것이좋은것보다더강하다.
②It takes four positive interactions to balance out a single negative one.
②하나의부정적인것의균형을잡으려면네번의긍정적인상호작용이필요하다.
③Bad memories resonate much more powerfully than good ones.
③나쁜기억은좋은기억보다훨씬더강력하게울려퍼진다.
④A bad experience from ten years ago might appear in your mind's eye in sharp focus with strong, clear emotions attached to it.
④10년전의나쁜경험은그것에결부된강하고선명한감정과함께날카로운초점으로마음의눈에나타날수도있다.
⑤A happy memory from the same time period may have fuzzier edges and just an overall sense of pleasantness.
⑤같은기간의행복한기억은끝이더흐릿하고전반적인기분좋았던느낌만있을수있다.
⑥This is known as negativity bias or the negativity effect.
⑥이를'부정성편향'또는'부정성효과'라고한다.
⑦The human brain is organized to survive by avoiding negative experiences and emotions.
⑦인간의뇌는부정적인경험과감정을피하게함으로써생존하도록조직되어있다.
⑧Our brains and emotional systems developed under evolutionary pressures to better keep us alive by remembering dangerous situations very clearly so we could avoid them in the future.
⑨In modern times, we are unlikely to die from getting split off from our tribe and becoming prey to a wild beast, but our brains still look for negativity in every situation.
⑩[Summary] Negativity bias or the negative effect explains how bad experiences and memories outweigh good ones. and how our brains and emotional systems developed this way for our survival.
②Students who guessed correctly early were much more likely to decide that they were correctly predicting the outcomes than students who guessed incorrectly early.
③That is, a sequence of wins followed by losses led the students to imagine they understood the task and needed to try to figure out what was going wrong. while a series of losses intermixed with wins led the students to think it was random.
④A sequence of four correct early guesses was enough to lead people to believe they could correctly guess the sequence "even for sophisticated subjects."
⑤This is how the casinos hook people ─ a quick series of wins leads you to think that you can beat the game, even though WWWWWLLLLL (where W means win and L means lose) is just as random as WLWLLLWWLW.
⑥[Summary] In the 1975 study where students played a coin-flip game, initial successes led the participants to consider the future results to be predictable, which can explain the strategy casinos use to attract people.
②For example, it is not a constant like the speed of light or gravity.
②예를들어,유전성은빛의속도나중력처럼상수가아니다.
③It is a statistic that describes a particular population at a particular time with that population's particular mix of genetic and environmental influences.
④A simpler way of expressing this is that it describes what is but does not predict what could be.
④이를더간단하게표현하는방법은그것이있는것을설명하지만있을수있는것을예측하지는않는다는것이다.
⑤Another population, or the same population at a different time, could have a different mix of genetic and environmental influences.
⑤다른집단,또는다른시기의동일한집단은유전적영향과환경적영향의조합이다를수있다.
⑥Heritability will reflect these differences.
⑥유전성은이러한차이를반영하게마련이다.
⑦For example, heritability of body weight is greater in wealthier countries such as the US than in poorer countries such as Albania and Nicaragua.
⑦예를들어,체중의유전성은알바니아나니카라과같은더가난한나라보다미국과같은더부유한나라에서더크다.
⑧Wealthier countries have greater access to fast-food outlets and high-energy snacks, and greater access to fattening food leads to higher heritability because it exposes genetic differences in people's propensities to put on the pounds.
⑨[Summary] Heritability is a description reflecting genetic and environmental factors that vary depending on the context.
⑨[Summary]유전성은상황에따라변하는유전적및환경적요소를반영하는설명이다.
[Ch.05 -서술형Practice]시대별나이의역할변화
①It was not until the last half of the 1800s in the United States and some other nations that age became a criterion for ordering lives and this intensified in the early 1900s.
②With the rise of industrialization and efforts to systematize human services such as education and medical care, age became a measure of development and a criterion for sorting people.
⑥Both expert and popular writing in the United States rarely referred to specific ages, although of course infancy, childhood, and adulthood were distinguished.
⑦Over the past century and a half, the cultural concept of age and associated practices relying on age-grading have come to play a central, though often unnoticed role in ordering lives in some cultural communities ─ those of almost all contemporary people
①Until now, souvenirs have been divided into two groups: the 'Sampled' and the 'Representative'.
①지금까지,기념품은두가지그룹으로나누어져있었는데, '표본형'과'대표형'이그것이다.
②This binary division of souvenirs was established on the grounds that Sampled souvenirs are souvenirs of individual experience that are not available as general consumer goods.
③These objects are collected directly by the tourist, with no intervention or mediation by the host culture.
③이런물건들은현지문화에의한개입이나중재없이,여행자에의해직접수집된다.
④They often take the shape of sea shells or pebbles, wild flowers, dried and pressed, or animal remains.
④그것들은종종조개껍데기나조약돌,말려서압착한야생화,또는동물유해의형태를취한다.
⑤The Representative category includes souvenirs which most often are representations and are purchasable.
⑤대표형범주는가장흔하게는재현물이며구매가능한기념품을포함한다.
⑥They are objects that may properly be called artifacts in that they are produced from human mediation and interpretation.
⑥그것들은인간의매개와해석으로부터만들어졌다는점에서인공물로적절하게불릴수도있는물건들이다.
⑦This category embraces, on the one hand, postcards, wilderness posters and calendars and, on the other, crafted objects, such as clay pots, boomerangs, models and postcards.
①Most artificial neural networks used in present-day artificial intelligence, despite their millions of inputs, outputs, and adjustable parameters, operate just like our proverbial hunter: they observe their errors and use them to adjust their internal state in the direction that they feel is best able to reduce the errors.
③We tell the network exactly which response it should have activated at the output ("it is a 1, not a 7"), and we know precisely in which direction to adjust the parameters if they lead to an error (a mathematical calculation makes it possible to know exactly which connections to modify when the network activates the output "7" too often in response to an image of the number 1).
④In machine learning parlance, this situation is known as "supervised learning" (because someone, who can be likened to a supervisor, knows the correct answer that the system must give) and "error backpropagation" (because error signals are sent back into the network in order to modify its parameters).
⑥At each step, I make only a small correction in the right direction.
⑥나는각단계에올바른방향으로조금씩만수정한다.
⑦That's why such computer-based learning can be incredibly slow: learning a complex activity, like playing Tetris, requires applying this recipe thousands, millions, even billions of times.
④Then the mother can draw their children's attention to the rules and prohibitions.
④그때엄마는규칙과금지사항에대해아이들의주의를끌수있다.
⑤The nearby books look intriguing, and they are happy to hang on to the tablecloth too.
⑤근처에있는책들은흥미를자아내고,그들은식탁보에매달려있는것도좋아한다.
⑥But then the mother repeats, "Don't do this!"
⑥그러나그때엄마가"이러지마!"라고반복해서말한다.
⑦If the children find this difficult to accept, put them back into their secure area where everything is allowed.
⑦만약아이들이이를받아들이기힘들어하면,모든것이허용되는그들의안전한공간으로그들을다시데려가라.
⑧However, the children should not feel this as a kind of punishment but should feel that their mother trusts them.
⑧그러나아이들이이를일종의벌로느껴서는안되고엄마가자신을신뢰한다고느껴야한다.
⑨"You are too young for these rules, but with time. this will change."
⑨"너는아직이규칙을지키기에는너무어리지만,시간이지나면,바뀔거야."라고말해주어라.
⑩These "walks" can be repeated from time to time.
⑩이러한'이동'은때때로반복될수도있다.
⑪This way, Pikler says, the world gradually unfolds before the children instead of shrinking (which is what happens when we ban something that they used to be allowed to do beforehand and that we may even have found amusing).
⑫The children's world unfolds; and at the same time, they can understand more and more of these limitations and accept what the adult ─ gently but expressly ─ expects from them.
③That is, we don't want to appear odd, strange, or anti-social in any way.
③즉,우리는어떤식으로든특이하거나이상하거나반사회적으로보이고싶지않다.
④It may be true that a few eccentrics might deliberately cultivate personal idiosyncracies in order to attract attention, but generally their ultimate goal is to be accepted (even if only by a small collection of admirers) and not regarded as complete social outcasts.
⑤However, while the yearning to be accepted and to belong is strong, we strain equally towards being recognized as individuals, and to being thought of as personally significant.
⑨We don't want to be overlooked or ignored, as if we weren't there.
⑨우리는우리가마치존재하지않는것처럼간과되거나무시당하기를원하지않는다.
⑩It's not that we necessarily wish to be famous, or some kind of celebrity (although apparently, many of us wish to be), it's more that we want to avoid invisibility.
⑯The finish line appeared in the distance, like a light of hope.
⑯저멀리결승선이희망의빛처럼나타났다.
⑰Tears of joy flowed freely as Amy and Riley crossed the finish line hand in hand.
⑰Amy와Riley가손을잡고결승선을넘었을때,기쁨의눈물이마구흘러내렸다.
⑱"Amy, you were my rock. Whenever I felt like giving up, you were there to push me forward."
⑱"Amy,너는나의버팀목이었어.내가포기하고싶을때마다,너는나를앞으로나아가게해주었어."
⑲In that moment, they knew that they had achieved something far greater than just completing a marathon ─ they had conquered their fears, overcome obstacles. and proven that with the support of a true friend by your side, anything is possible.
①At a rich merchant's house, there was a birthday party for the merchant's son, and the children of rich and great people were there.
①어느부유한상인의집에서상인의아들을위한생일파티가열렸고,부유하고대단한사람들의자녀들이참석했다.
②Among them was a handsome boy, the son of the editor of a newspaper.
②그중에는신문사편집장의아들인잘생긴소년이있었다.
③He said. "My dad can put everybody's dad in the newspaper. People are afraid of him, my mom says, because he can do whatever he wants with the paper."
④Because he needed someone who had previous experience climbing the mountain to help him navigate the dangerous terrain.
④그가위험한지형을돌아다니는것을도와줄이전에그산을등반한경험이있는사람이필요했기때문이다.
⑤In fact, at one point, Tenzing saved Hillary's life.
⑤실제로Tenzing은한때Hillary의목숨을구하기도했다.
⑥Learning another language must also be a team effort, and ideally the person by your side has already climbed that mountain and can show you how it's done.
⑦Unfortunately, one of the most common beliefs when it comes to learning a language is that it can only be learned from a native speaker.
⑦안타깝게도언어학습에관한가장일반적인믿음중하나는원어민에게만배울수있다는것이다.
⑧And it is true that learning from a native speaker allows you to hear proper pronunciation and phrasing in a naturalistic way.
⑧그리고원어민에게배우면제대로된발음과자연스러운방식의표현을들을수있다는것은사실이다.
⑨But learning from a native speaker alone is like being guided up Mt. Everest by someone who was born at the top of the mountain and is shouting directions down from above.
①William R. Brody, President of Johns Hopkins University, shares an inspiring story about two students at Columbia University.
①Johns Hopkins대학교의총장인William R. Brody는Columbia대학교의두학생에대한감명깊은이야기를들려준다.
②One student, Sandy Greenberg, discovered he had an eye disease.
②Sandy Greenberg라는한학생은자신이안질환을앓고있다는사실을알게되었다.
③It had not been discovered in time, and he became blind.
③제때발견하지못해,그는눈이멀었다.
④Fortunately, Sandy's roommate, named Art, read his textbooks to him every night, enabling Sandy to graduate with honors and earn a Fulbright Scholarship.
⑩That former roommate was Art Garfunkel, and his friend was Paul Simon.
⑩그전룸메이트는Art Garfunkel이었고,그의친구는Paul Simon이었다.
⑪The demo record created with Sandy's $500 became their first hit, "The Sound of Silence," launching the career of the legendary American folk duo, Simon and Garfunkel.
⑪Sandy의500달러를가지고만든데모음반은그들의첫번째히트곡인'The Sound of Silence'가되었고,전설적인미국포크듀오Simon and Garfunkel의경력이시작되었다.
⑫The act of generosity from Sandy was critical in their success.
⑫Sandy의관대한행동은이들의성공에결정적이었다.
⑬Years later, in a touching twist, Art Garfunkel sang at the wedding of Sandy Greenberg's daughter, illustrating the lasting bond between the two friends.
⑬몇년후, Art Garfunkel은감동적인반전으로Sandy Greenberg의딸결혼식에서노래를불러두친구의영원한유대를보여줬다.
⑭Sandy's support helped Art and Paul achieve their dreams, just as Art's support had enabled Sandy to succeed in his academic pursuits.
