[고1] 2025년 03월 – 41~42번: 숫자로 사람을 평가하는 것의 한계와 윤리적 문제

Some researchers view spoken languages as incomplete devices for capturing precise differences. They think numbers represent the most neutral language of description. However, when our language of description is changed to numbers, we do not move toward greater accuracy. Numbers are no more appropriate 'pictures of the world' than words, music, or painting. While useful for specific purposes (e.g. census taking, income distribution), they eliminate information of enormous value. For example, the future lives of young students are tied to their scores on national tests. In effect, whether they can continue with their education, where, and at what cost depends importantly on a handful of numbers. These numbers do not account for the quality of schools they have attended, whether they have been tutored, have supportive parents, have test anxiety, and so on. Finally, putting aside the many ways in which statistical results can be manipulated, there are ways in which turning people's lives into numbers is morally insulating. Statistics on crime, homelessness, or the spread of a disease say nothing of people's suffering. We read the statistics as reports on events at a distance, thus allowing us to escape without being disturbed. Statistics are human beings with the tears wiped off. Quantify with caution.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• verbal 언어의, 말로 된 (= spoken)
• clumsy 서투른 (= incomplete 불완전한)
• convert 바꾸다 (= change)
• adequate 적절한 (= appropriate)
• assessing migration 이주 현황 평가
• come from unstable homes 불안정한 가정에서 자라다, 불안정한 가정 출신이다
• the conversion of A to B - A를 B로 바꾸는 것 (= turning A into B)
• numbers killed in an earthquake 지진 사망자 수

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 40번: 문제 해결을 위한 창의적 사고의 중요성 강조

In the course of trying to solve a problem with an invention, you may encounter a brick wall of resistance when you try to think your way logically through the problem. Such logical thinking is a linear type of process, which uses our reasoning skills. This works fine when we're operating in the area of what we know or have experienced. However, when we need to deal with new information, ideas, and viewpoints, linear thinking will often come up short. On the other hand, creativity by definition involves the application of new information to old problems and the conception of new viewpoints and ideas. For this you will be most effective if you learn to operate in a nonlinear manner; that is, use your creative brain. Stated differently, if you think in a linear manner, you'll tend to be conservative and keep coming up with techniques which are already known. This, of course, is just what you don't want. [Summary] Logical thinking works well with familiar problems but falls short in dealing with new ideas, for which creative thinking is needed to come up with innovative solutions.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• utilize  활용하다 (= use)
• rational faculties 이성적 능력 (= reasoning skills)
• realm 영역 (= area)
• perspective 관점 (= viewpoint)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 39번: 공기 조절 기술이 전통 건축 지혜를 잊게 한 사례

The rise of air-conditioning accelerated the construction of sealed boxes, where the building's only airflow is through the filtered ducts of the air-conditioning unit. It doesn't have to be this way. Look at any old building in a hot climate, whether it's in Sicily or Marrakesh or Tehran. Architects understood the importance of shade, airflow, light colors. They oriented buildings to capture cool breezes and block the worst heat of the afternoon. They built with thick walls and white roofs and transoms over doors to encourage airflow. Anyone who has ever spent a few minutes in a mudbrick house in Tucson, or walked on the narrow streets of old Seville, knows how well these construction methods work. But all this wisdom about how to deal with heat, accumulated over centuries of practical experience, is all too often ignored. In this sense, air-conditioning is not just a technology of personal comfort; it is also a technology of forgetting.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• insulation 단열
• deflect 피하다, 방향을 바꾸다 (= block)
• adobe 흙벽돌, 흙집 (= mudbrick house)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 38번: Piaget의 놀이를 통한 도덕성 형성 이론

Piaget put the same amount of water into two different glasses: a tall narrow glass and a wide glass, then asked kids to compare two glasses. Kids younger than six or seven usually say that the tall narrow glass now holds more water, because the level is higher. And when they are ready, they figure out the conservation of volume for themselves just by playing with cups of water. Piaget argued that children's understanding of morality is like their understanding of those water glasses: we can't say that it is innate or kids learn it directly from adults. Rather, it is self-constructed as kids play with other kids. Taking turns in a game is like pouring water back and forth between glasses. Once kids have reached the age of five or six, then playing games and working things out together will help them learn about fairness far more effectively than any teaching from adults.

*원문 참고 어휘

• skinny 가느다란 (= narrow)
• have arguments 말다툼하다
• sermon 설교, 잔소리 (= teaching)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 37번: 보행 시 관절 연골의 작용 방식

Cartilage is extremely important for the healthy functioning of a joint, especially if that joint bears weight, like your knee. Imagine for a moment that you're looking into the inner workings of your left knee as you walk down the street. When you shift your weight from your left leg to your right, the pressure on your left knee is released. The cartilage in your left knee then "drinks in" synovial fluid, in much the same way that a sponge soaks up liquid when put in water. When you take another step and transfer the weight back onto your left leg, much of the fluid squeezes out of the cartilage. This squeezing of joint fluid into and out of the cartilage helps it respond to the off-and-on pressure of walking without breaking under the pressure.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• immerse 담그다 (= put)
• shatter 산산이 부서지다 (= break)
• strain 압력, 압박 (= pressure)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 36번: 언어 없이 사고하는 동물의 이미지 기반 사고

Let's assume that at least some animals are capable of thinking despite lacking a language. This doesn't necessarily mean that they possess concepts, for some forms of thought may be nonconceptual. We can imagine, for instance, a squirrel who is planning how to get from the branch she's currently standing on to a branch from the tree in front. To do this, in principle she doesn't need a concept of branch nor a concept of tree. It might be enough for her to have, for example, the ability to think in images; to make a mental map of the tree where she can imagine and try out different routes. This doesn't imply that squirrels lack concepts, simply that they don't need them for this concrete form of thinking. For us to be able to say that an animal has concepts, we have to show not just that she's capable of thinking, but also that she has certain specific abilities.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• capacity 능력 (= ability)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 35번: 관객의 감정 이입을 위한 주인공 설정의 중요성

What does it mean for a character to be a hero as opposed to a villain? In artistic and entertainment descriptions, it's essential for the author to establish a positive relationship between a protagonist and the audience. In order for tragedy or misfortune to draw out an emotional response in viewers, the character must be adjusted so as to be recognizable as either friend or enemy. Whether the portrayal is fictional or documentary, we must feel that the protagonist is someone whose actions benefit us; the protagonist is, or would be, a worthy companion or valued ally. Violent action films are often filled with dozens of incidental deaths of minor characters that draw out little response in the audience. In order to feel strong emotions, the audience must be emotionally invested in a character as either ally or enemy.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• depiction 묘사 (= description)
• evoke 불러일으키다 (= draw out 이끌어내다)
• tailored 조정된 (= adjusted)
• replete with 가득한 (= filled with)
• fleeting 순식간의, 덧없는 (= minor)
• vested in 몰입한 (= emotionally invested in 감정적으로 몰입한)
• adversary 적수 (= enemy)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 34번: 식물의 향기와 소리를 통한 생존 반응

Plants can communicate, although not in the same way we do. Some express their discontent through scents. You know that smell that hangs in the air after you've mowed the lawn? Yeah, that's actually an SOS. Some plants use sound. Yes, sound, though at a frequency that we can't hear. Researchers experimented with plants and microphones to see if they could record any trouble calls. They found that plants produce a high-frequency clicking noise when stressed and can make different sounds for different stressors. The sound a plant makes when it's not getting watered differs from the one it'll make when a leaf is cut. However, it's worth noting that experts don't think plants are crying out in pain. It's more likely that these reactions are knee-jerk survival actions. Plants are living organisms, and their main objective is to survive. Scents and sounds are their tools for defending against things that might harm them.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• albeit 비록 ~일지라도 (= though)
• distress 고통, 곤경 (= trouble)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 33번: 감정에 따른 땀 분비와 피부 전도율 변화 측정

Our skin conducts electricity more or less efficiently, depending on our emotions. We know that when we're emotionally stimulated ─stressed, sad, any intense emotion, really ─ our bodies sweat a tiny bit, so little we might not even notice. And when those tiny drops of sweat appear, our skin gets more electrically conductive. This change in sweat gland activity happens completely without your conscious mind having much say in the matter. If you feel emotionally intense, you're going to notice an increase in sweat gland activity. This is particularly useful from a scientific viewpoint, because it allows us to put an objective value on a subjective state of mind. We can actually measure your emotional state by tracking how your body subconsciously sweats, by running a bit of electricity through your skin. We can then turn the subjective, subconscious experience of emotional intensity into an objective number by figuring out how good your skin gets at transferring an electrical current.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• elated 마냥 행복해하는, 신이 난, 기쁜
• microbeads 미세한 땀방울 (= tiny drops)
• galvanic skin response 피부 전류 반응
• perspective 관점 (= viewpoint)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 32번: 아이의 감정을 끌어내는 관찰 중심의 대화 방식

As you listen to your child in an emotional moment, be aware that sharing simple observations usually works better than asking questions to get a conversation rolling. You may ask your child "Why do you feel sad?" and she may not have a clue. As a child, she may not have an answer on the tip of her tongue. Maybe she's feeling sad about her parents' arguments, or because she feels overtired, or she's worried about a piano recital. But she may or may not be able to explain any of this. And even when she does come up with an answer, she might be worried that the answer is not good enough to justify the feeling. Under these circumstances, a series of questions can just make a child silent. It's better to simply reflect what you notice. You can say, "You seem a little tired today," or, "I noticed that you frowned when I mentioned the recital," and wait for her response.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• probe 캐묻다, 캐다, 조사하다 (= ask)
• detriment 손해, 손실
• introspection 자기 성찰
• upcoming 다가오는
• articulate 명확히 표현하다 (= explain)
• interrogation 심문 (= a series of questions 일련의 질문들)
• clam up 입을 닫다, 침묵하다 (= silent)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 31번: Plato의 '아름다움의 이데아'에 대한 철학적 설명

Plato argued that when you see something that strikes you as beautiful, you are really just seeing a partial reflection of true beauty, just as a painting or even a photograph only captures part of the real thing. True beauty, or what Plato calls the Form of Beauty, has no particular color, shape, or size. Rather, it is an abstract idea, like the number five. You can make drawings of the number five in blue or red ink, big or small, but the number five itself is none of those things. It has no physical form. Think of the idea of a triangle, for example. Although it has no particular color or size, it somehow lies within each and every triangle you see. Plato thought the same was true of beauty. The Form of Beauty somehow lies within each and every beautiful thing you see.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• abstract idea 추상적 개념
• object of thought 사고의 대상

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 30번: 소비자 심리를 고려한 정직한 홍보 전략의 중요성

Promotion deals with consumer psychology. We can't force people to think one way or another, and the clever marketer knows that promotion is used to provide information in the most clear, honest, and simple fashion possible. By doing so, the possibility of increasing sales goes up. Gone are the days when promotions were done in order to fool the consumer into purchasing something. The long‐term effect of getting a consumer to buy something they did not really want or need wasn't good. In fact, consumers fooled once can do damage to sales as they relate their experience to others. Instead, marketers now know that their goal is to identify the consumers who are most likely to appreciate a good or service, and to promote that good or service in a way that makes the value clear to the consumer. Therefore, marketers must know where the potential consumers are, and how to reach them.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• savvy 정통한, 요령 있는 (= clever)
• an awful lot of 아주 많은

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 29번: 선수 루틴의 평가 및 조정 기능

Routines enable athletes to evaluate competition conditions. For example, bouncing a ball in a volleyball service routine supplies the server with information about the ball, the floor, and the state of her muscles. This information can then be used to properly prepare for her serve. Routines also enable athletes to adjust and fine-tune their preparations based on those evaluations or in pursuit of a particular competitive goal. This adaptation can involve adjustment to the conditions, rivals, competitive situation, or internal influences that can affect performance. Just like adjusting a race-car engine to the conditions of the track, air temperature, and weather, routines adjust all competitive components to achieve proper performance.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• optimally 최적으로 (= properly)
• opponent 상대 (= rival)
• calibrate 조정하다 (= adjust)
• optimal 최적의 (= proper)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 24번: 소리 내어 읽기가 뇌 활성화와 집중력 향상에 미치는 효과

Modern brain-scanning techniques such as fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) have revealed that reading aloud lights up many areas of the brain. There is intense activity in areas associated with pronunciation and hearing the sound of the spoken response, which strengthens the connective structures of your brain cells for more brainpower. This leads to an overall improvement in concentration. Reading aloud is also a good way to develop your public speaking skills because it forces you to read each and every word ─ something people don't often do when reading quickly, or reading in silence. Children, in particular, should be encouraged to read aloud because the brain is wired for learning through connections that are created by positive stimulation, such as singing, touching, and reading aloud.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• in both hemispheres 양쪽 뇌 반구에서
• articulation 발음, 조음 (= pronunciation)
• oratory 웅변, 연설 기술 (= public speaking)
• skimming 훑어읽기 (= reading quickly)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 23번: 동기 부여에 있어 관계 형성의 중요성

There is a wealth of evidence that when parents, teachers, supervisors, and coaches are perceived as involved and caring, people feel happier and more motivated. And it is not just those people with power ─ we need to feel valued and respected by peers and coworkers. Thus, when the need for relatedness is met, motivation and internalization are fueled, provided that support for autonomy and competence are also there. If we are trying to motivate others, a caring relationship is a crucial basis from which to begin. And when we are trying to motivate ourselves, doing things to enhance a sense of connectedness to others can be crucial to long-term persistence. So exercise with a friend, call someone when you have a difficult decision to make, and be there as a support for others as they take on challenges.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• people in authority roles 권력의 위치에 있는 사람들 (= those people with power)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 22번: 과학 지식이 형성되는 과정과 불확실성의 중요성

The science we learn in grade school is a collection of certainties about the natural world ─ the earth goes around the sun, DNA carries the information of an organism, and so on. Only when you start to learn the practice of science do you realize that each of these "facts" was hard won through a succession of logical inferences based upon many observations or experiments. The process of science is less about collecting pieces of knowledge than it is about reducing the uncertainties in what we know. Our uncertainties can be greater or lesser for any given piece of knowledge depending upon where we are in that process ─ today we are quite certain of how an apple will fall from a tree, but our understanding of the turbulent fluid flow remains a work in progress after more than a century of effort.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• revolve 회전하다, 공전하다 (= goes around)
• blueprint 청사진, 설계도 (= information)
• turbulent fluid flow 난류 유동
• convection 대류 현상

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 21번: 인간 유전자 편집의 윤리적 문제와 경고

Assuming gene editing in humans proves to be safe and effective, it might seem logical, even preferable, to correct disease-causing mutations at the earliest possible stage of life, before harmful genes begin causing serious problems. Yet once it becomes possible to transform an embryo's mutated genes into "normal" ones, there will certainly be temptations to upgrade normal genes to superior versions. Should we begin editing genes in unborn children to lower their lifetime risk of heart disease or cancer? What about giving unborn children beneficial features, like greater strength and increased mental abilities, or changing physical characteristics, like eye and hair color? The pursuit for perfection seems almost natural to human nature, but if we start down this slippery slope, we may not like where we end up.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• wreak havoc 큰 피해를 입히다 (= cause serious problems)
• feasible 가능한 (= possible)
• supposedly 추정상, 아마 (=allegedly) 
• Alzheimer's 알츠하이머
• diabetes 당뇨
• endow A with B - A에게 B를 부여하다 (= give)
• trait 특징 (= feature, characteristic)
• cognitive 인지의 (= mental)
• quest 추구 (= pursuit)
• intrinsic 내재적인 (= natural)

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[고1] 2025년 03월 – 20번: 의사 전달을 위한 적절한 손짓의 중요성과 주의점

Improving your gestural communication involves more than just knowing when to nod or shake hands. It's about using gestures to complement your spoken messages, adding layers of meaning to your words. Open-handed gestures, for example, can indicate honesty, creating an atmosphere of trust. You invite openness and collaboration when you speak with your palms facing up. This simple yet powerful gesture can make others feel more comfortable and willing to engage in conversation. But be careful of the trap of overgesturing. Too many hand movements can distract from your message, drawing attention away from your words. Imagine a speaker whose hands move quickly like birds, their message lost in the chaos of their gestures. Balance is key. Your gestures should highlight your words, not overshadow them.

* 20번 지문 원문 검색 불가

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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

오늘은 <2025년도 3월 고1 영어 모의고사>의 지문 요약 자료 올립니다.

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지문 분석하거나 자료 제작하실 때 참고하세요~♡

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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

오늘은 <2025년도 3월 고1 영어 모의고사>의 한줄해석(좌지문 우해석) 자료 올립니다.
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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.
 
<2025년도 3월 고1 영어 모의고사>의 한줄해석 자료 올립니다.
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