[고2] 2025년 06월 – 24번: 주로 사용하는 손(좌우잡이)이 태어나기 전부터 결정된다는 연구 결과

Of central importance for understanding the development of handedness is the answer to the question of when in development it is actually determined whether a child will be left-handed or right-handed. It was long thought that handedness could only be reliably determined in elementary school, when a child learns to write. However, this assumption is incorrect. In fact, scientific studies show that left‐handedness is established in many children long before elementary school ─ interestingly, even before birth in most people. In such studies, the hand and arm movements of unborn children in the womb are recorded using ultrasound images. Using this technique, it was shown that a clear preference for the movement of the right arm exists as early as 10 weeks after fertilization. In this study, ultrasound images of 72 unborn children 10 weeks after fertilization were evaluated and 85% showed more movements of the right arm than the left. This number is already very close to the approximately 89.4% right-handers among adults.

* 원문 지문은 내용 동일해 생략함

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 23번: 보상이 가까울수록 더 큰 가치를 부여하는 쌍곡형 할인 현상

Would you rather receive $1,000 in a year or $1,100 in a year and a month? Most people will opt for the larger sum in thirteen months ─ where else will you find a monthly interest rate of 10 percent. A wise choice, since the interest will compensate you generously for any risks you face by waiting the extra few weeks. Second question: Would you prefer $1,000 today cash on the table or $1,100 in a month? If you think like most people, you'll take the $1,000 right away. This is amazing. In both cases, if you hold out for just a month longer, you get $100 more. In the first case, it's simple enough. You figure: "I've already waited twelve months; what's one more?" Not in the second case. The introduction of "now" causes us to make inconsistent decisions. Science calls this phenomenon hyperbolic discounting. The closer a reward is, the higher our "emotional interest rate" rises and the more we are willing to give up in exchange for it.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• 10 % (or 120 % per annum!) 연 10 %(또는 연 120 %)
• straight away 즉시 (= right away)
• Put plainly 쉽게 말해
• majority 대다수 (= most)
• grasp 이해하다 (= understand)
• subjectively 주관적으로
• inconsistently 일관성 없이
• constant 일정한
• correspondingly 상응하게
• questionable 의심스러운

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 22번: 자연(꽃)이 냄새를 이용해 손님(유기체)을 유인하는 방식

All of the restaurants are using carefully chosen words to evoke vivid mental images of delicious food and rich desserts in order to draw the potential customer to their particular establishment. Just like the restaurants, nature has its own dining establishments. In a fashion similar to the restaurants' financial dependence upon drawing in many customers, the restaurateurs of the natural world (i.e., flowers) must also attract potential diners to sample their offerings. In the natural world, there are no neon signs or flashy words in which to market a potential meal to hungry animals. These restaurants that I am referring to are the world's flowers, and the potential guests are the host of organisms that visit flowers to obtain nectar and other valuable resources. Instead of using a written language or neon sign, they advertise their offerings just as effectively using the language of smell.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• consumer 소비자들 (= customer)
• entice 유혹하다, 끌어들이다 (= attract)
• billboards 광고판들
• patron 단골손님, 후원자 (= guest)

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 21번: 부에 대한 만족은 절대적인 양이 아닌 기대치와의 상대적 관계에 따름

It is difficult, if not impossible, to define the limits which reason should impose on the desire for wealth; for there is no absolute or definite amount of wealth which will satisfy a man. The amount is always relative, that is to say, just so much as will maintain the proportion between what he wants and what he gets; for to measure a man's happiness only by what he gets, and not also by what he expects to get, is as pointless as to try and express a fraction which shall have a numerator but no denominator. A man never feels the loss of things which it never occurs to him to ask for; he is just as happy without them; whilst another, who may have a hundred times as much, feels miserable because he has not got the one thing he wants. In fact, every man has a horizon of his own, and he will expect as much as he thinks it is possible for him to get.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• futile 헛된, 무익한 (= pointless)
• come in the way 방해하다

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[고2] 2025년 06월 – 20번: 고립되지 않고 타인과 교류해야 하는 리더의 자세

Imagine you have the best tea in the world and you put it into a bag that's impermeable. It won't work. You just won't be able to make a cup of tea. For the teabag to work, it needs to be porous. You need the tea and the water to come in contact with each other. In our lives too, we cannot survive and thrive in isolation. Leaders need to be careful not to build walls around themselves that prevent people from reaching out to them. As a leader, you need to be able to touch other people. The tea was meant to mix with the water. Similarly all of us were designed to work with other people, with teams, and with society at large.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• porous 다공성의, 투과성의

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 41~42번: 신용카드 사용이 지출에 대한 심리적 부담을 줄여 소비를 늘리는 현상

Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way we spend money, altering the calculus of our financial decisions. When you buy something with cash, the purchase involves an actual loss ─ your wallet is literally lighter. Credit cards, however, make the purchase abstract, so that you don't really feel the downside of spending money. Brain-imaging experiments suggest that paying with credit cards actually reduces activity in the insula, a brain region associated with negative feelings. As George Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at Carnegie Mellon, says, "The nature of credit cards ensures that your brain is anesthetized against the pain of payment." Spending money doesn't feel bad, so you spend more money. Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were informed that they had to pay with cash; the other half were told they had to pay with credit cards. Prelec and Simester then averaged the bids for the two different groups. It turns out that the average credit card bid was twice as high as the average cash bid. When people used their credit cards, their bids were much more careless. They no longer felt the need to limit their expenses.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• observation 관찰
• capture 포착하다, 담아내다
• transaction 거래 (= purchase)
• Lo and behold 하 이것 봐라(놀랍거나 짜증스러운 것에 사람들의 관심을 끌 때 내는 소리) (= it turns out that)
• Visas and MasterCards 비자·마스터카드 (= credit cards)
• reckless 무모한, 신중하지 않은 (= careless)
• contain 억제하다, 통제하다 (= limit)
• way beyond their means 자신의 분수(능력) 이상으로

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 40번: 정보를 접할 때 진실이라고 가정하는 인간의 경향과 그 이유

There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth bias when humans communicate with one another. In other words, when we're listening to others or reading their words, our automatic assumption is that the other person is telling the truth. This usually works out fine. If you ask someone where the restroom is located or if it's raining outside, you can safely assume that most people will not lie in their responses. Imagine how difficult it would be to converse with someone if you assumed that everything they were telling you was false! Indeed, questioning the truth of a statement and then choosing not to believe it requires additional mental steps. For the most part, humans are "cognitive misers," which means we typically don't expend more mental effort than seems necessary in a given situation. It makes sense then, that when we see something online, even if it is fake, our default is to believe it, at least at first. 

* 원문 참고 어휘

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 39번: 인간의 얼굴이 물에 잠길 때 발현되는 잠수 반사 작용

We have a 'diving reflex', like other marine mammals. This means that special nerve endings on our faces, around the mouth and nose, trigger this reflex only when the facial region goes under water. If we are in the water, with our head out in the air, there is no diving reflex. But if we sink just our face in a bowl of water, while the whole of the rest of our body is in the dry air, the diving reflex is triggered. It automatically closes down the airway, reducing the risk of swallowing water, and it narrows the small air-passages in the lungs. At the same time the heart rate is slowed down to half speed and blood is shunted to the vital organs, protecting them from the effects of the brief stop in breathing. By contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in water with its face below the surface, it would panic, its heart would race and it would quickly drown.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• submerged 잠긴 (= goes under water)
• tread 걷다, 밟다
• constrict 수축시키다, 조이다 (= narrow)
• temporary 일시적인 (= brief)
• cessation 중단, 정지 (= stop)

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 38번: 장소에 대한 경험에 영향을 미치는 감정의 실제적 힘

To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what's outside of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel, and perhaps even taste. But sometimes what really marks a place is something less specific ─ a feeling within us. An interesting example emerged from a study of subway passenger behavior. Researchers trying to understand why people sit where they sit or stand where they stand in subway and metro trains examined the factors that shape the way riders used and navigated that space in different situations. One of their findings involved the reasons many riders like to plant themselves close to the train's doors. Partly this was the obvious convenience of being able to exit more quickly. But it was shaped partly by a more abstract sensation ─ the desire to avoid the sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally making eye contact with seated passengers. We can't see feelings ─ but they're very real, and they influence our experience of the world.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• scrutinize 세심히 조사하다 (= examine)
• intriguing 흥미로운

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 37번: 노력에 대한 칭찬이 성장 사고방식 형성에 미치는 긍정적 영향

Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is the internationally recognized pioneer of the concept of "growth mindset" as a way to continually grow, learn, and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found that kids who are told they're "smart" actually underperform in future tasks, by choosing easier tasks to avoid evidence that they are not smart, which Dweck calls having a "fixed mindset." In contrast, Dweck found, kids who are praised not for their smarts but for their effort develop what Dweck calls a "growth mindset." They learn that their effort is what led to their success, and if they continue to try, over time they'll improve and achieve more things. These kids end up taking on tougher things, and feel better about themselves. "Emphasizing effort gives a child a variable that they can control," Dweck has explained.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• subsequent 이후의, 차후의 (= future)
• specific 구체적인, 특정한
• overblown 과장된, 지나친
• in control of their success 성공을 스스로 통제하는 상태의
• natural intelligence 타고난 지능
• recipe 비결, 방법

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 36번: 문명의 종말에 있어 '역사는 반복된다'는 말의 과도한 단순화 지적

History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking at the historical records of the ancient civilizations, some things do seem to happen again and again. Civilizations expand, get overextended, and then collapse as in the cases of Rome, which went under in 476 AD, and the British Empire, which fell apart more than a thousand years later in the post-World War II era. But is this always the case? If so, archaeology would be pretty boring; one thing would happen again and again. But that's not what archaeologists see. Some civilizations end suddenly, like the Aztec and Inca, conquered by invaders in the 1520s AD. Those empires never had the chance to collapse as a result of overexpansion. So in the case of civilizations, "history repeats itself" seems to be an oversimplification.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• abruptly 갑작스럽게 (= suddenly)

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 35번: 기억이 과거 경험을 바탕으로 재구성되는 상상적 과정이라는 점

In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other countries and then recall these stories at a later date. As you might guess, unfamiliar stories were not remembered as well as familiar stories. Surprisingly, however, errors in memory were not random. Rather, subjects often rewrote similar parts of the stories in their own minds ─ particularly the parts that made the least sense to them. Bartlett concluded that when facing problems, humans draw upon mental schemata, or shelves of stored knowledge in our brains, to fill in any minor gaps in our memories. Therefore, remembering is an imaginative process that involves building upon past experiences.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• recount 이야기하다, 자세히 말하다 (= recall)
• More surprising 더욱 놀랍게도 (= Surprisingly)
• provoke 유발하다
• accordingly 그에 맞추어
• refine 다듬다, 정제하다
• artfully 솜씨 좋게, 능숙하게
• concise 간결한

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 34번: 과학적 발견의 공유를 통한 지식 발전과 사회적 기여

When scientists make an important new discovery or experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do not, in general, keep that information to themselves so that they alone can consider its meaning and derive additional theories from it. Instead, they publish their results and make their data available for inspection. This makes it possible for other scientists to reconsider their data and possibly refute their conclusions. More important, though, it makes it possible for other scientists to use that data to construct new hypotheses and perform new experiments. The assumption is that society as a whole will end up knowing more if information is spread as widely as possible, rather than being limited to a few people. In a strict sense, every scientist depends on the work of other scientists.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• explicit 명시적인
• collaboration 협업
• academic 학문적인
• enterprise 기업·사업
• institutionalize 제도화하다
• free and open exchange 자유롭고 개방적인 교류 
• ponder 곰곰이 생각하다 (= consider)
• diffused 퍼진·확산된 (= spread)

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 33번: 소수의 자손에게 많은 에너지를 투자하는 번식 전략의 성공 요인

In most respects, humans are one of a relatively small number of species that evolved a very different strategy of investing more energy to reproduce more slowly. Like apes and elephants, we mature at a leisurely pace, grow large bodies, and have few babies but devote much time and energy to raising them well. This unusual strategy succeeds because while apes and elephants produce fewer babies than mice, a larger percentage of their offspring survive to then reproduce. A house mouse can become a mother when she is just five weeks old, has four to ten pups per litter, and can have a new litter every two months over the course of her approximately twelve-month life. However, the vast majority of her pups die young. In contrast, a chimp or elephant mother does not reproduce until she is at least twelve years old, and she gives birth to only one infant every five or six years over the next thirty or so years. About half of these offspring make it to becoming parents.
 

* 원문 참고 어휘

• high investment 높은 투자
• live slow 천천히 살다
• die old 나이 들어 죽다
• reproduce conservatively 보수적으로 번식하다 (자손을 최대한 적게 낳는 것을 의미함)
• resources 자원
• predictable 예측 가능한
• infant 유아, 젖먹이
• mortality 사망률

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 32번: 신제품 출시 시 과도한 가격 책정의 위험과 시장 채택 우선 전략

Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of time and effort in creating and launching new products and services and then make the mistake of overpricing them. They have created something they care deeply about, it's theirs, and this powerful sense of ownership distorts their perception of value which causes them to overprice their products. While many of them are quick to realize that their initial prices are too high, not all these people are happy or willing to drop their prices to make their products more attractive. And this can be a very costly mistake that may lead to the failure of their new business. When you launch a new product or service, your priority should be to get sufficient market adoption as soon as possible and you should be ready to sacrifice your initial prices and profits to achieve this aim. Once you have strong sales volumes, you can increase your prices to maximize your profits.

* 지문과 일치하는 원문을 찾지 못해 원문 비교는 생략함

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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

오늘은 <2022년도 6월 고2 영어 모의고사>의 지문별 핵심 한글 정리 자료 올립니다.

ChatGPT 유료 버전(ChatGPT-4.1-mini)으로 작업했고,
설명문/실용문을 제외한 전지문에 대해 작업했습니다. 
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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

오늘은 <2022년도 6월 고2 영어 모의고사>의 지문 요약 자료 올립니다.

ChatGPT 유료 버전(ChatGPT-4.1-mini)으로 작업했고,
설명문/실용문을 제외한 전지문을 포함했습니다. 
(PDF 및 Word 파일)  

지문 분석하거나 자료 제작하실 때 참고하세요~♡

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안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

오늘은 <2022년도 6월 고2 영어 모의고사>의 한줄해석(좌지문 우해석) 자료 올립니다.

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지문 분석하거나 자료 제작하실 때 참고하세요.

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[고1] 2025년 06월 – 31번: 이전 경험과 환경이 주의를 기울이는 대상을 결정하는 방식

In everyday life, we use previous experience to predict where we should pay attention. Different environments create different expectations. This was profoundly illustrated by the scientist Jared Diamond in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel. He describes an adventure wandering through the New Guinea jungle with native New Guineans. He relates that these natives tend to perform poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to do since childhood. But they are hardly stupid. They can detect the most subtle changes in the jungle, good for following the tracks of a predator or for finding the way back home. They know which insects to leave alone, know where food exists, can build and tear down shelters with ease. Diamond, who had never spent time in such places, has no ability to pay attention to these things. Were he to be tested on such tasks, he also would perform poorly.

* 원문 참고 어휘

• traipse 터벅터벅 걷다 (= wander)
• trail 자취, 흔적 (= tracks)
• erect 세우다 (= build)

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