[고2] 2025년 3월 모의고사 38번 - 지문 구성, 그림 설명, 원문 비교

[고2] 2025년 03월 – 38번: 과학의 창의성과 Bayesian 학습 순환

 

It is important to recognize that although science is a rule-based procedure, it is very much a creative process. A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation. However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation. Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness. It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing have eliminated false theories. As scientists continually test their hypotheses and modify their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of "learning loop" emerges that statisticians call Bayesian updating. Based on Bayes' Rule, developed by eighteenth-century English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly accurate through the repetitive testing of competing variants of that theory.

 

 

 

구분	내용	원문
주장	과학은 규칙 기반 절차이지만, 창의적인 과정이기도 하다.	It is important to recognize that although science is a rule-based procedure, it is very much a creative process.
정의	가설은 신중한 숙고를 통해 마음속에서 만들어진 철학적 발명품이다.	A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation.
설명	가설은 현실에 대한 검증을 통해 지식이 되며, 이는 유용성이 입증된 정보이다.	However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation. Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness.
과정 설명	과학자들은 가설을 지속적으로 검증하고 모델을 수정하며, 이를 통해 '학습 루프'가 형성된다.	As scientists continually test their hypotheses and modify their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of "learning loop" emerges that statisticians call Bayesian updating.
정의	베이즈 규칙은 18세기 통계학자 토마스 베이즈가 개발한 것으로, 반복적인 검증을 통해 이론이나 예측 모델의 정확도를 향상시키는 수학적 과정이다.	Based on Bayes' Rule, developed by eighteenth-century English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly accurate through the repetitive testing of competing variants of that theory.

 

 

 

 

 

 

	문제 지문	원문 지문
1	It is important to recognize that although science is a rule-based procedure, it is very much a creative process.	It is important to recognize that although science is a rule-based procedure, it is very much a creative process.
2	A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation.	A conjecture is a philosophical invention, cooked up rather mystically by the mind through the mental computation we call careful contemplation.
3	However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation.	However, until the hypothesis is tested against reality, it is not yet truly knowledge; it is just information that represents speculation.
4	Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness.	Knowledge is information that has demonstrated its usefulness.
5	It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing have eliminated false theories.	It is what is left over after cycles of experimental testing have eliminated false theories.
6	As scientists continually test their hypotheses and modify their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of "learning loop" emerges that statisticians call Bayesian updating.	As scientists continually test their hypotheses and tweak their models to account for new and surprising data, a kind of “learning loop” emerges that statisticians call Bayesian updating.
7	Based on Bayes' Rule, developed by eighteenth-century English statistician and philosopher Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly accurate through the repetitive testing of competing variants of that theory.	Based on Bayes’ theorem, developed by eighteenth-century English statistician, philosopher, and Presbyterian minister Thomas Bayes, Bayesian updating refers to a mathematical process whereby an accepted theory or predictive model gets increasingly accurate through the iterative testing of competing variants of that theory.

 

* 원문 참고 어휘

• tweak 조정하다 (= modify)
• theorem 정리 (= Rule)
• Presbyterian minister 장로교 목사
• iterative 반복적인 (= repetitive)

 

 

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