2027 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습 - 원문 출처 정리 (3~4강)

English Finder 일괄검색 결과

[3강 - Exercise 1번]

본문 지문

There is evidence that low self-esteem people are less evaluatively consistent in their self-descriptions. When Campbell and Fehr examined how subjects rated themselves on sets of adjectives that were either uniformly positive or uniformly negative, subjects with low self-esteem not only gave ratings that were (on average) less positive or more negative, but their ratings within each set exhibited more individual scatter or greater variance. High self-esteem subjects strongly and consistently endorsed the positive adjectives and rejected the negative adjectives. Low self-esteem subjects did not, in contrast, strongly and consistently endorse the negative adjectives and reject the positive adjectives. Rather, they gave more intermediate ratings and more variable ratings to both types of adjectives. Therefore, it appears that low and high self-esteem individuals differ not only in the average positivity of their self-views, but also in the extent to which their self-views are evaluatively consistent with one another.

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subjects strongly and consistently endorsed the positive adjectives and rejected the negative

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Self-Esteem

Roy F. Baumeister · 2013-11-11

... subjects strongly and consistently endorsed the positive adjectives and rejected the negative adjectives . Low self - esteem subjects did not , in contrast , strongly and consistently endorse the negative adjectives and reject the ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 2번]

본문 지문

The power and value of being literate in a literate society are played out every day around the world. Many individuals, and in fact whole societies, make considerable sacrifices to become literate just as others take it for granted. Societies that do not practice literate behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, repressive of human rights and dignity, brutal, and harsh. Present-day examples are easy to list, but in fact this has always been the case. As Samuel Johnson observed more than two centuries ago, "The mass of every people must be barbarous where there is no printing." We admit that various forms of "barbarity" can be found in all societies, but they are much more prevalent where literate behavior is absent. Literacy and quality of life go hand in hand. With literacy comes the power of belonging to a privileged group and the freedom that derives from that power. Frederick Douglass, who struggled as a slave to learn to read, said it best: "Once you learn to read, you will be forever free.

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considerable sacrifices to become literate just as others take it for granted

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World Literacy

John W. Miller, Michael C. McKenna · 2016-01-29

... considerable sacrifices to become literate just as others take it for granted . Societies that do not practice literate behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, repressive of human rights and dignity, brutal, and Keys ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 3번]

본문 지문

Culturally shared views of the self have been suggested to have profound influences on basic attention processes. In Western cultures, individuals are encouraged to discover their internal attributes such as desires and personal goals, and therefore they may be expected to focus their attention on events that are relevant to such desires and goals. As a result, their attention may become focused. This cognitive style, which is anchored in a focal object in lieu of its context, has been called analytic. In contrast, in Eastern cultures individuals are more attuned to various aspects of ever-important social relations and, as a consequence, they may be expected to attend more broadly to a focal object as well as to its surrounding context, drawing inferences about the relationship between the object and its context. This mode of cognition has been called holistic. These predictions have been borne out. For example, when presented with an animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they saw, European Americans were more likely to recall focal objects, whereas Japanese were more likely to refer to contextual information as well as relationships between the focal objects.

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animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember

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The Routledge Companion to Identity and Consumption

Ayalla A. Ruvio, Russell W. Belk · 2013-01-04

... animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they saw , European Americans were more likely to recall focal objects , whereas Japanese were more likely to refer to contextual information as well as ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 4번]

본문 지문

When a patient chooses to buy he or she becomes a part of demand. Wanting to buy (drugs, plastic surgery, artificial hip, etc.) but not doing so leaves that potential patient invisible, part of latent demand that does not effectively participate in the market. That extra demand will be revealed if the price goes low enough. For example, consider the development of an artificial heart. If each heart costs $1 million, they would only be used in matters of life and death. If further development reduced the cost of artificial hearts to $100,000 each, more people would get them. The artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses, but they might be implanted long before a person's natural heart gave out. If the cost of making an artificial heart dropped to $100, one would be readily available to anyone who needed it. Consider what would happen if the cost of an artificial heart dropped to $10 and could be easily implanted during a 15-minute visit to the doctor. Some people who had never been ill but were just worried might have new hearts implanted.

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artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses

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Health Economics and Financing

Thomas E. Getzen, Michael S. Kobernick · 2022-02-08

... artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses , but they might be implanted long before a person's natural heart gave out. If the cost of mak- ing an artificial heart dropped to $100, one would be readily ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 5번]

본문 지문

Historians do more than select and interpret evidence: they also organize the evidence in order to create an understandable (and, they hope, persuasive) narrative. Chronological order is generally part of making history plausible, especially when the causes of change are central, although in practice much historical writing must go back and forth in time in order to pick up various threads of a complex story. Historians also make events understandable by casting them in a particular light or giving their narrative a particular tone. For example, a historian might highlight historical ironies, such as the way President George W. Bush once criticized "nation building," in which the U.S. rebuilds a country's economic and political structure when its government fails; but later, as a consequence of launching a war in Iraq, Bush had to attempt exactly that. Historians can also romanticize events, as did those who described John F. Kennedy's term as President as "Camelot," alluding to a Broadway musical about the heroic King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Similarly, one historian may view a certain chain of events as improvement, while another may perceive it as a decline. These are just a few of the ways historians may make narrative sense of history.

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understandable by casting them in a particular light or giving their narrative

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Theatre Histories

Daphne P. Lei, Tobin Nellhaus, Tamara Underiner, Patricia Ybarra · 2024-07-30

... understandable by casting them in a particular light or giving their narrative a particular tone . For example , a historian might highlight historical ironies , such as the way President George W. Bush ( in office 2001-2009 ) once ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 6번]

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Prestige is a particular form of status that only humans recognize. Most animals observe the advantages of dominance, such as being the most powerful or aggressive individual, and these are also important for humans: fearsome warriors are celebrated universally. Prestige is almost the opposite. Prestigious individuals are ones worthy of learning from — they are experts, older people. And if someone has prestige in one field, they become high-status individuals and their influence won't be limited to their field; we are likely to copy all their decisions. Indeed, prestige may have evolved as a way to enhance the benefits of cultural transmission. Success in one area of life affords someone the status of general opinion leader. We want to learn from successful individuals, or even simply be associated with them in some way, so that their reputation rubs off on us. That's why a golfing hero can sell you a watch.

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one area of life affords someone the status of general opinion leader

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Transcendence

Gaia Vince · 2020-01-21

... one area of life affords someone the status of general opinion leader . We want to learn from successful individuals, or even simply be associated with them in some way, so that their reputation rubs off on us. That's why a golfing hero ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 7번]

본문 지문

Emotions can be used to refer to the unconscious, neurobiological response, while feelings are the cognitive assignments we make to those emotions. This is undoubtedly a much more complicated dynamic and there is a great degree of highly detailed information explaining the interworking of these two. However, the most noteworthy application of the distinction between emotion and feeling is that human beings have some ability to cognitively assign, that is, to think about and make a decision about, just what a given emotion we experience might mean. This can be more easily grasped when thinking about a more concrete exemplar: ancient war drums. Most would agree that hearing a beating war drum does not lead one to pick a side in a given conflict. A beating war drum merely helps one march more energetically on whichever side was chosen to begin with. The neurobiological experience set off by the auditory sensation of the drums causes one to "feel" more energy toward a given end and step more quickly. Perhaps Shakespeare knew something of this when he wrote Timon's words, "follow thy drum ...".

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complicated dynamic and there is a great degree of highly detailed information

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Handbook of Research on Program Development and Assessment Methodologies in K-20 Education

Wang, Viktor · 2017-11-30

... complicated dynamic and there is a great degree of highly detailed information explaining the interworking of these two . However , the most noteworthy application of the distinction between emotion and feeling is that human beings have ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 8번]

본문 지문

The key to unlocking the agricultural potential of Mesopotamia lay in irrigation. Early Mesopotamians, particularly the Sumerians, were pioneers in developing sophisticated irrigation techniques. They constructed canals, dikes, and reservoirs to control the flow of the rivers, diverting water to their fields during dry periods and protecting their settlements from floods. This monumental effort required cooperation and organization on a scale previously unseen, leading to the development of complex social structures and the rise of powerful city-states. Early irrigation was relatively small-scale, involving the digging of simple channels to divert water to nearby fields. Over time, these systems became more elaborate, with complex networks of canals spanning vast distances. The construction and maintenance of these systems required a significant labor force, which was often organized and directed by temple priests or powerful leaders. This centralized control over water resources provided a basis for political power and social hierarchy.

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monumental effort required cooperation and organization on a scale previously unseen

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River Facts

Marcus Blackwell, AI · 2025-02-18

... monumental effort required cooperation and organization on a scale previously unseen, leading to the development of complex social structures and the rise of powerful city-states. Early irrigation was relatively small-scale, involving ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 9번]

본문 지문

If culture finds its metaphorical basis in agriculture, civilization finds it in exchange. When our society is connected to other societies, we are connected to other people, and we can suddenly compare things and judge them in relation to each other. As a result, we have a choice between better and cheaper options; we can pick the new and the never-before-tried. Such choices broaden our horizons and improve our lives. This is why civilization depends on the unencumbered circulation of goods, people, ideas, faiths, and ways of life. The consequences of such interaction may be unsettling, but they can also be liberating. We no longer have to be confined to, and carry the burden of, our culture, and we no longer have to be who we are. Civilization provides us with a means of escape. Or, differently put, exchange is the enemy of culture. When presented with alternatives, we give up our old ways. We no longer do the things we used to do and we are no longer quite the same people as before. This is how civilization undermines and destroys culture.

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used to do and we are no longer quite the same people

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History of International Relations

Erik Ringmar · 2019-08-02

... used to do and we are no longer quite the same people as before . This is how civilization undermines and destroys culture . Take the example of the Muslims in al - Andalus . Read more : The Arabs in Spain at p . 81. The Arabs civilized ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 10번]

본문 지문

Science and democracy share important principles and ideals that oppose illegitimate claims for knowledge and power. The authority of both scientific knowledge and democratic governance is legitimated by representation. It is only when this representation is accepted as legitimate that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made, or the authority of particular forms of governance. Representation is, however, never perfect or complete. Since both scientific practices and democratic governance, in principle, admit potential alternative representations, continuous struggles over what is represented and what is not can be foreseen. To represent means to simplify, which implies the existence of alternatives — alternative ways of simplifying complicated issues. This further means that both science and democracy have inbuilt mechanisms for improvement, which are based on critical assessments of existing representations.

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that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made

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Science and Democracy

Linda Soneryd, Göran Sundqvist · 2023-09-29

... that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made , or the authority of particular forms of governance . Representation is , however , never perfect or complete . Since both scientific practices and democratic governance ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 11번]

본문 지문

Differences in geology and climate make soils in different regions more or less capable of sustained agriculture. In particular, the abundant rainfall and high weathering rates on the gentle slopes of many tropical landscapes mean that after enough time, rainfall seeping into the ground leaches out almost all of the nutrients from both the soil and the weathered rocks beneath the soil. Once this happens, the lush vegetation essentially feeds on itself, retaining and recycling nutrients inherited from rocks weathered long ago. As most of the nutrients in these areas reside not in the soil but in the plants themselves, once the native vegetation disappears, so does the productive capacity of the soil. Often too few nutrients remain to support either crops or livestock within decades of deforestation. Nutrient-poor tropical soils illustrate the general rule that life depends on recycling past life.

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nutrients remain to support either crops or livestock within decades of deforestation

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Dirt

David R. Montgomery · 2007-05-14

... nutrients remain to support either crops or livestock within decades of deforestation . Nutrient - poor tropical soils illustrate the general rule that life depends on recycling past life . Humans have not yet described all the species ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[3강 - Exercise 12번]

본문 지문

Knowledge is power. And one way to measure the amount of trust on a team is by looking at how much information people keep to themselves (low trust) or share openly (high trust). Team leaders signal that they trust their team when they share privileged information with them. This could be sharing the team's finances, or the budget handed down from higher-ups, so that the whole team knows what they're working with and where the priorities are. It could also be competitive data or customer trends that are widely available but rarely shared. It could even be passing on information shared by another team. In a meeting, any time someone says, "This stays here," the atmosphere changes. People know whatever follows is spoken in trust, and they respond to that feeling of being trusted with trustworthy behavior. People begin to feel like they're in the inner circle when they receive more information about their work or the environment than they usually do. They start to see how their work fits into the larger organizational whole.

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competitive data or customer trends that are widely available but rarely shared

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[4강 - Exercise 1번]

본문 지문

In the probabilistic view, the typical exemplars or category members are recognized more quickly because they share more features with other category members. In a sense, the typical category member is closer to the centre of the category. And a similar effect might be observed with the exceptional category members. A very atypical member of a category (like bats as atypical mammals, or even as atypical birds if your category for "bird" is based on observable features) is really an outlier. It really is the case that the bat is a lousy member of the mammal category. It looks like a bird, acts like a bird, and cannot see very well. A probabilistic categorization system would assume that bats will be misclassified and will present people with some difficulty. It is plausible that our own inability to classify them readily corresponds to the fact that bats are often feared. Perhaps we fear bats because they do not fit into a simple, basic category very easily.

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classify them readily corresponds to the fact that bats are often feared

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How To Think

John Paul Minda · 2021-04-29

... classify them readily corresponds to the fact that bats are often feared. Perhaps one reason many people fear bats is because they do not fit into a simple, basic category very easily. But how is this graded typicality structure, which ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 2번]

본문 지문

Central to the notion of brilliant leadership is the critical linkage between empathy and authenticity. While leaders may act on the premise that sensitivity to employee concerns is helpful in achieving organizational goals, brilliant leaders believe that empathy has value in its own right. In this regard, empathy is less a means to an end (e.g., profiting) but rather is consistent with Kant's notion of "Character," which underscores truthfulness as a core element of virtue. From a stakeholder perspective, particularly employees, brilliant leaders would be seen as behaving in ways that reveal a genuineness of motives. Guided by the deontologically-based philosophical guidepost, "We should do our duty for no other reason than because it's the right thing to do," the brilliant leader's empathetic conduct is derived less from strategic or tactical interests than it is from one's personal sense of integrity. That, then, is a defining feature of authenticity: it frames empathy as values-driven rather than outcome-driven.

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notion of brilliant leadership is the critical linkage between empathy and authenticity

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Brilliant Leadership

Alan Belasen, Nicole Pfeffermann · 2024-11-13

... notion of brilliant leadership is the critical linkage between empathy and authenticity . While leaders may act on the premise that sensitivity to employee concerns is helpful in achieving organizational goals , brilliant leaders ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 3번]

본문 지문

Language is socially constructed; over time our cultural collectives agreed upon various abstract symbols and sounds to represent objects, people, places, and experiences. Conversely, basic emotions are biologically constructed; over time evolution repeatedly crafted responses to important life situations ― which we later associated with symbols, words, and phrases. The presence of a unique emotion word in one culture does not imply the presence of unique circuitry or unique phenomenology for a special emotion found only in that culture. Similarly, the absence of a specific basic emotion word in one culture does not imply the absence of analogous basic emotion circuitry. Emotions and language are parallel processes that can inform and provide context about one another, but ultimately cannot guarantee the existence of one another. An example of this is in Robert Levy's pioneering work in Tahiti, where he found that Tahitians had no words for "grief" and "sadness." Nevertheless, they experienced a "sick, strange" feeling when processing the loss of a loved one.

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presence of unique circuitry or unique phenomenology for a special emotion found

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The Oxford Handbook of Evolution and the Emotions

Laith Al-Shawaf, Todd K. Shackelford · 2024-05-14

... presence of unique circuitry or unique phenomenology for a special emotion found only in that culture. Similarly, the absence of a specific basic emotion word in one culture does not imply the absence of analogous basic emotion ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 4번]

본문 지문

There are some pretty big lifestyle changes you can choose to make if you want to help the planet. For instance, you could follow a plant-based diet, or you could pledge to go zero-waste. If you're surrounded by people who are making these drastic changes, you might feel pressured into following suit: you might feel that if you don't make these changes, your efforts to save the planet are inadequate. Despite what you might hear, a plant-based diet or zero-waste living is not necessarily an all-or-nothing venture. Reducing your meat and dairy intake a little is better than not doing so at all; buying fruit, veg and grains loose when you can is better than always buying them wrapped in plastic. The fact is, you don't have to follow a vegan or a zero-waste lifestyle perfectly to make a difference. Making little changes where you can and how you can is what truly counts.

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Reducing your meat and dairy intake a little is better than not

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Eco-Anxiety (and What to Do About It)

Harriet Dyer · 2023-09-05

... Reducing your meat and dairy intake a little is better than not doing so at all ; buying fruit , veg and grains loose when you can is better than always buying it wrapped in plastic . The fact is , you don't have to follow a vegan or a ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 5번]

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When income rises, so will the quantity demanded. When income falls, so will demand. However, if your income doubles, you would not always buy twice as much of a particular good or service. For example, there are only so many tubs of ice cream you would want to eat, no matter how wealthy you are. This is an example of "marginal utility." Marginal utility is the concept that each unit of a good or service is a little less useful to you than the first. At some point, you will not want it anymore, and the marginal utility drops to zero. We can see that professional team sports contradict this assumption. Fans (consumers) often want more games to watch. We have seen this example play out in recent years in relation to the number of sport matches on live television increasing and through the advents of new competitions or formats of the game (e.g., Twenty20 cricket) or expansions of league reforms to fit in additional fixtures (e.g., UEFA Champions League reforms for 2024).

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number of sport matches on live television increasing and through the advents

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The Economics and Finance of Professional Team Sports

Daniel Plumley, Rob Wilson · 2022-12-23

... number of sport matches on live television increasing and through the advents of new competitions or formats of the game (e.g., Twenty20 cricket) or expansions of league reforms to fit in additional fixtures (e.g., UEFA Champions League ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 6번]

본문 지문

Among the attempts to resist fast fashion are consumer movements to make more informed, ethical decisions as they purchase, use, and repair their clothing. The "slow fashion" movement, for example, encourages buying fewer clothes of higher quality and wearing them longer, purchasing clothes produced (or at least sold) locally, and thinking critically about the labor and environmental conditions surrounding their production and distribution. Some consumers have become more active in producing (sewing or knitting) and repairing their own clothing. The design historian Fiona Hackney refers to the "quiet activism" of everyday making. She argues for "the emergence of a new, historically conscious, socially engaged amateur practice." This practice represents a return to the intimate connection of production (making) with consumption (use, wear) before the industrialization of fibers, textiles, and apparel. Industrialization changed the production-consumption dynamic in at least two ways: Factory-made, store-bought clothes were more detached from consumer-made ones, and they also tended to be less expensive. Prior to industrialization, only wealthy people could afford a closet of many garments. Among working-class people, formal clothes were often prized possessions that were included in wills.

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encourages buying fewer clothes of higher quality and wearing them longer

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Fashion and Cultural Studies

Susan B. Kaiser, Denise N. Green · 2021-11-04

... encourages buying fewer clothes of higher quality and wearing them longer, purchasing clothes produced (or at least sold) locally, and thinking critically about the labor and environmental conditions surrounding their production and ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 7번]

본문 지문

Grice, a British philosopher of language, proposed that, in addition to communicative meaning, there is another kind of meaning, which he referred to as natural meaning, characterized by 'things' that have meaning regardless of whether there is any communicative intention on anyone's part. For example, I have learned that dynamite means danger. Thus, if I find a box of dynamite in my garage, dynamite is/means danger to me and I am going to be frightened. To recognize the danger, it is not necessary for me to recognize that someone intentionally placed the dynamite there with the intention of getting me to recognize that dynamite is dangerous; that is, it is not necessary that I recognize any communicative intention behind the box being there to recognize danger. And, further, even if the dynamite had been put there with the intention of getting me to recognize I was in danger, it would not be necessary for me to recognize that in order to feel in danger. Simply put, the word 'dynamite' on a box means danger whether or not anyone intended to have me recognize that meaning.

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necessary for me to recognize that someone intentionally placed the dynamite

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Language in Action

William Turnbull · 2003-09-02

... necessary for me to recognize that someone intentionally placed the dynamite there with the intention of getting me to recognize that dynamite is dangerous; that is, it not necessary that I recognize any communicative intention behind ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 8번]

본문 지문

Scientific progress is measured not only by an increase in understanding but by an increase in control over nature and redirection of nature's course. "The contemplative ideal of scientific investigations for their own sake has been replaced in modern times," Wieland comments, "by the practical ideal of scientific research in the service of humanity." The natural course of things once presented and still presents threats to human welfare: people went and still go hungry, die in infancy and early adulthood, and face natural disasters. But not all control and redirection add to human welfare. Medical technology, based on science, has lengthened the number of years human beings suffer from chronic diseases, condemning them to lonely, bedridden existences. End-of-life treatments, which prove medical innovation and competence, can sustain life, but not living. The illustrious medical journal The Lancet reports frequently on the "sea of suffering" in aging populations.

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natural course of things once presented and still presents threats to human

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For and Against Scientism

Moti Mizrahi · 2022-04-04

... natural course of things once presented and still presents threats to human welfare : people went and still go hungry , die in infancy and early adulthood , and face natural disasters . But not all control and redirection add to human ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 9번]

본문 지문

In the process of discovering what animals want to do, a knowledge of the natural or normal behavioural repertoire of a species is a vital step in understanding what is good for their welfare. It draws our attention to the differences between wild and captive members of that species and therefore makes us aware of the possible behaviours that the captive ones might want to do. It does not say that they will necessarily want to do them just because they are natural but it provides obvious candidates to be tested. The fact that the jungle fowl ancestors of our domestic chickens always roost in trees at night, for example, highlights the possible importance of roosting to modern breeds. It does not tell us that all modern chickens still definitely want to roost, but it provides a very plausible hypothesis that this might be important to them. Such a hypothesis can then be tested by investigating whether modern chickens still want to roost (they do).

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hypothesis can then be tested by investigating whether modern chickens still want

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The Science of Animal Welfare

Marian Stamp Dawkins · 2021

... hypothesis can then be tested by investigating whether modern chickens still want to roost (they do). Understanding the natural environment in which animals have evolved, their evolu- tionary history and the mechanisms by which they ...

추가 확인 권장
검색 문구는 확인됐지만 주변 문맥 비교 근거가 충분하지 않습니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 10번]

본문 지문

Inevitably, the world of electoral systems is crowded and complex and becoming more so all the time: one country's electoral system is never the same as another's (although in some cases the differences are quite small). Given the range of variations among the different electoral systems, this makes life quite difficult for the analyst seeking to produce an acceptable typology. One option might be to simply base a classification of the systems in terms of their outputs, that is, with reference to the process of translating votes into seats where one distinguishes between those systems which have 'proportional' outcomes and those with 'non-proportional' outcomes. The essence of proportional systems is to ensure that the number of seats each party wins reflects as closely as possible the number of votes it has received. In non-proportional systems, by contrast, greater importance is attached to ensuring that one party has a clear majority of seats over its competitors, thereby (hopefully) increasing the prospect of a strong and stable government.

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makes life quite difficult for the analyst seeking to produce an acceptable

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Electoral Systems

Elisabeth Carter, David M. Farrell, Gemma Loomes · 2024-11-28

... makes life quite difficult for the analyst seeking to produce an acceptable typology. One option might be to simply base a classification of the systems in terms of their outputs, that is, with reference to the process of translating ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 11번]

본문 지문

Melodies are defined not by the absolute value of each pitch, but by the pattern or relation of successive pitches across time; most people have no trouble recognizing a melody that is played in a higher or lower key than they've heard it in before. In fact, many melodies do not have a "correct" starting pitch; they just float freely in space, starting anywhere. "Happy Birthday" is an example of this. One way to think about a melody, then, is as an abstract prototype that is derived from specific combinations of key, tempo, instrumentation, and so on. A cognitive psychologist would say that a melody is an auditory object that maintains its identity in spite of transformations, just as a chair maintains its identity when you move it to the other room, turn it upside down, or paint it red. So, for example, if you hear a song played louder than you are accustomed to, you still identify it as the same song. The same holds for changes in the absolute pitch values of the song, which can be changed so long as the relative distances between them remain the same.

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is an auditory object that maintains its identity in spite of transformations

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This Is Your Brain on Music

Daniel J. Levitin · 2006-08-03

... is an auditory object that maintains its identity in spite of transformations , just as a chair maintains its identity when you move it to the other side of the room , turn it upside down , or paint it red . So , for example , if you ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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[4강 - Exercise 12번]

본문 지문

The Dutch news site De Correspondent was born with the idea of incorporating active readers from the start. Jay Rosen, the NYU professor who became an adviser to the organisation, explained how the journalists were expected to have a radically different relationship with the reader than in traditional media. 'Expectations are that writers will continuously share what they are working on with the people who follow them and read their stuff. They will pose questions and post call-outs as they launch new projects: what they want to find out, the expertise they are going to need to do this right, any sort of help they want from readers. Sometimes readers are the project. Writers also manage the discussion threads which are not called comments but contributions ― in order to highlight the best additions and pull useful material into the next version of an ongoing story.' Some of these crowdsourcing techniques have been used by journalists on more mainstream papers, notably David Fahrenthold of the Washington Post.

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crowdsourcing techniques have been used by journalists on more mainstream papers

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News and How to Use It

Alan Rusbridger · 2020-11-26

... crowdsourcing techniques have been used by journalists on more mainstream papers , notably David Fahrenthold of the Washington Post . The Drum profiled how De Correspondent works , using health as an example of how the reader can move ...

전후문맥 일부 일치
검색 문구뿐 아니라 주변 단어도 입력 본문과 일부 겹칩니다.

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