[고2] 2025년 10월 모의고사 29번 - 요약 및 원문비교 (with mp3)

[고2] 25년 10월 - 29번: 돌연변이와 자연선택을 통한 생물의 진화 과정

When a cell divides, the genomes of its two daughters are often not quite identical to each other or to that of the parent cell. On rare occasions, the error may represent a change for the better; more probably, it will cause no significant difference in the cell's prospects. But in some cases, the error will cause serious damage; for example, by disrupting the coding sequence for a key protein. Changes due to mistakes of the first type will tend to be perpetuated, because the altered cell has an increased likelihood of reproducing itself. Changes due to mistakes of the second type ― neutral changes ― may be perpetuated or not: it is a matter of chance whether the altered cell or its cousins will succeed. But changes that cause serious damage lead nowhere: the cell that suffers them dies, leaving no progeny. Through endless repetition of this cycle of mutation and natural selection organisms evolve: their genetic specifications change, sometimes giving organisms new ways to exploit the environment more effectively, to survive in competition with others, and to reproduce successfully.

 

 

 

[핵심요약 & 그래픽요약]

Notion 핵심요약 전체 바로가기 - https://d.pr/1oifrZ

 

 

[원문 비교]

1	(문제 지문에 없음)	Both in the storage and in the copying of genetic information, random accidents and errors occur, altering the nucleotide sequence—that is, creating mutations.
2	When a cell divides, the genomes of its two daughters are often not quite identical to each other or to that of the parent cell.	Therefore, when a cell divides, its two daughters are often not quite identical to one another or to their parent.
3	On rare occasions, the error may represent a change for the better; more probably, it will cause no significant difference in the cell's prospects. But in some cases, the error will cause serious damage; for example, by disrupting the coding sequence for a key protein.	On rare occasions, the error may represent a change for the better; more probably, it will cause no significant difference in the cell’s prospects; and in many cases,the error will cause serious damage—for example, by disrupting the coding sequence for a key protein.
4	Changes due to mistakes of the first type will tend to be perpetuated, because the altered cell has an increased likelihood of reproducing itself.	Changes due to mistakes of the first type will tend to be perpetuated, because the altered cell has an increased likelihood of reproducing itself.
5	Changes due to mistakes of the second type ― neutral changes ― may be perpetuated or not: it is a matter of chance whether the altered cell or its cousins will succeed.	Changes due to mistakes of the second type—selectively neutral changes—may be perpetuated or not: in the competition for limited resources, it is a matter of chance whether the altered cell or its cousins will succeed.
6	But changes that cause serious damage lead nowhere: the cell that suffers them dies, leaving no progeny.	But changes that cause serious damage lead nowhere: the cell that suffers them dies, leaving no progeny.
7	Through endless repetition of this cycle of mutation and natural selection organisms evolve: their genetic specifications change, sometimes giving organisms new ways to exploit the environment more effectively, to survive in competition with others, and to reproduce successfully.	Through endless repetition of this cycle of error and trial—of mutation and natural selection—organisms evolve: their genetic specifications change, giving them new ways to exploit the environment more effectively, to survive in competition with others, and to reproduce successfully.

 

* 원문 참고 어휘

• selectively 선택적으로
• competiton 경쟁
• limited 제한된, 한정된
• error and trial 시행착오

 

 

 

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