[고2] 2025년 10월 모의고사 23번 - 요약 및 원문비교 (with mp3)

[고2] 25년 10월 - 23번: 새로운 과학 이론이 기존 이론을 대체하기 위한 조건

We can discard or replace a scientific theory only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence that supports it. The theories of Newton and Einstein offer great examples. A vast body of evidence supports Newton's theory of gravity, but by the late nineteenth century scientists had begun to discover cases where its predictions did not perfectly match observations. These discrepancies were explained only when Einstein developed his general theory of relativity, which was able to match the observations. Still, the many successes of Newton's theory could not be ignored, and Einstein's theory would not have gained acceptance if it had not been able to explain these successes equally well. It did, and that is why we now view Einstein's theory as a broader theory of gravity than Newton's theory. Some scientists today are seeking a theory of gravity that will go beyond Einstein's. If any new theory ever gains acceptance, it will have to match all the successes of Einstein's theory as well as work in new realms where Einstein's theory does not.

 

 

 

[핵심요약 & 그래픽요약]

Notion 핵심요약 전체 바로가기 - https://d.pr/1oifrZ

 

 

[원문 비교]

1	(문제 지문에 없음)	Despite its success in explaining observed phenomena, a scientific theory can never be proved true beyond all doubt, because future observations may disagree with its predictions. However, anything that qualifies as a scientific theory must be supported by a large, compelling body of evidence.
2	(문제 지문에 없음)	In this sense, a scientific theory is not at all like a hypothesis or any other type of guess. We are free to change a hypothesis at any time, because it has not yet been carefully tested. In contrast, we can discard or replace a scientific theory only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence that supports it.
3	We can discard or replace a scientific theory only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence that supports it.	We can discard or replace a scientific theory only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence that supports it.
4	The theories of Newton and Einstein offer great examples.	Again, the theories of Newton and Einstein offer great examples.
5	A vast body of evidence supports Newton's theory of gravity, but by the late nineteenth century scientists had begun to discover cases where its predictions did not perfectly match observations.	A vast body of evidence supports Newton’s theory of gravity, but by the late nineteenth century scientists had begun to discover cases where its predictions did not perfectly match observations.
6	These discrepancies were explained only when Einstein developed his general theory of relativity, which was able to match the observations.	These discrepancies were explained only when Einstein developed his general theory of relativity, which was able to match the observations.
7	Still, the many successes of Newton's theory could not be ignored, and Einstein's theory would not have gained acceptance if it had not been able to explain these successes equally well.	Still, the many successes of Newton’s theory could not be ignored, and Einstein’s theory would not have gained acceptance if it had not been able to explain these successes equally well.
8	It did, and that is why we now view Einstein's theory as a broader theory of gravity than Newton's theory.	It did, and that is why we now view Einstein’s theory as a broader theory of gravity than Newton’s theory.
9	Some scientists today are seeking a theory of gravity that will go beyond Einstein's.	As we will discuss in the next section, some scientists today are seeking a theory of gravity that will go beyond Einstein’s.
10	If any new theory ever gains acceptance, it will have to match all the successes of Einstein's theory as well as work in new realms where Einstein's theory does not.	If any new theory ever gains acceptance, it will have to match all the successes of Einstein’s theory as well as work in new realms where Einstein’s theory does not.

 

* 원문 참고 어휘

 

 

 

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