[고1] 2025년 9월 모의고사 37번 - 지문 구성, 그림 설명, 원문 비교

[고1] 2025 09월 – 37번: 움직임을 늦추는 힘인 마찰력(friction)의 작용 원리

 

Imagine you are pedalling your bicycle on a level road. You stop pedalling: no force is now acting to move you forward. What happens? You gradually slow down. How could you slow down more suddenly, in a shorter distance? By putting the brakes on. Because the brakes change your movement, making you slow down more suddenly, they must be exerting a force on the bicycle and you, as they grip and rub on the wheel-rims. This is the force called friction, which tends to slow down moving things by acting in the direction opposite to movement, that is backwards. Even without the brakes on, there are other friction forces acting on you and your bicycle, which also slow you down. One of these is friction in the wheels rubbing on the axles. Another is air resistance, which you can feel, pushing you backwards as you and the bicycle move forwards. When you apply these ideas to something around you, like a cart, you can see what could be generating friction: mainly the axles rubbing on the body as they rotate.

 

 

 

[지문 구조 분석]

구분	내용	원문
상황 제시	자전거를 평지에서 타다가 페달을 멈추면 앞으로 나아가는 힘이 없어 점차 느려진다	Imagine you are pedalling your bicycle on a level road. You stop pedalling: no force is now acting to move you forward. What happens? You gradually slow down.
설명	더 빨리 멈추려면 브레이크를 사용해야 하며, 브레이크는 힘을 가해 자전거와 사람을 멈추게 한다	How could you slow down more suddenly, in a shorter distance? By putting the brakes on. Because the brakes change your movement, making you slow down more suddenly, they must be exerting a force on the bicycle and you, as they grip and rub on the wheel-rims.
정의	이 힘은 마찰력이며, 움직이는 것을 반대 방향으로 작용해 느려지게 만든다	This is the force called friction, which tends to slow down moving things by acting in the direction opposite to movement, that is backwards.
근거	브레이크를 쓰지 않아도 바퀴 축의 마찰과 공기 저항이 자전거를 느려지게 한다	Even without the brakes on, there are other friction forces acting on you and your bicycle, which also slow you down. One of these is friction in the wheels rubbing on the axles. Another is air resistance, which you can feel, pushing you backwards as you and the bicycle move forwards.
적용	같은 원리를 수레에도 적용하면, 마찰은 주로 축이 몸체와 회전하며 비비는 데서 생긴다는 것을 알 수 있다	When you apply these ideas to something around you, like a cart, you can see what could be generating friction: mainly the axles rubbing on the body as they rotate.

 

 

 

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[원문 비교]

	문제 지문	원문 지문
1	Imagine you are pedalling your bicycle on a level road.	Children can find out what the slowing-down force is with a simple thought-experiment, which could be carried out in reality. Imagine you are pedalling your bicycle on a level road.
2	You stop pedalling: no force is now acting to move you forward.	You stop pedalling: no force is now acting to move you forward.
3	What happens? You gradually slow down.	What happens? You gradually slow down, as the trolley does.
4	How could you slow down more suddenly, in a shorter distance? By putting the brakes on.	How could you slow down more suddenly, in a shorter distance? By putting the brakes on.
5	Because the brakes change your movement, making you slow down more suddenly, they must be exerting a force on the bicycle and you, as they grip and rub on the wheel-rims.	Because the brakes change your movement, making you slow down more suddenly, they must be exerting a force on the bicycle and you, as they grip and rub on the wheel-rims.
6	This is the force called friction, which tends to slow down moving things by acting in the direction opposite to movement, that is backwards.	This is the force called friction, which tends to slow down moving things by acting in the direction opposite to movement, that is backwards.
7	Even without the brakes on, there are other friction forces acting on you and your bicycle, which also slow you down.	Even without the brakes on, there are other friction forces acting on you and your bicycle, which also slow you down.
8	One of these is friction in the wheels rubbing on the axles. Another is air resistance, which you can feel, pushing you backwards as you and the bicycle move forwards.	One of these is friction in the wheels rubbing on the axles. Another is air resistance, which you can feel, pushing you backwards as you and the bicycle move forwards.
9	When you apply these ideas to something around you, like a cart, you can see what could be generating friction: mainly the axles rubbing on the body as they rotate.	When you apply these ideas to the simple trolley, you can see what could be generating friction: mainly the axles rubbing on the body as they rotate.

 

 

 

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