[고3] 2025년 3월 모의고사 21번 - 지문 구성, 그림 설명, 원문 비교

[고3] 2025년 03월 – 21번: 데카르트의 과학-철학 통합 관점과 그 분리 배경

 

The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous tree of Descartes: The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles), the trunk to physics (statements of intermediate generality), and the branches and fruit to what we would call applied science. He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy as we today regard science alone; he felt that the metaphysical principles were ultimately justified by their "fruits," not merely by their self-evidence. What we today call applied science consisted for him not only in mechanics but also in medicine and ethics. The difficulty was that from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science-philosophy no results could be derived which were precisely in agreement with observation, but these principles seemed to be intelligible and plausible. So the tree was cut in the middle. For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to start from the physical principles in the trunk. Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would develop from the trunk without regard to the roots.

 

 

구분	내용 요약	원문
비유	데카르트는 과학과 철학의 통일성을 나무에 비유하였다.	The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous tree of Descartes: The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles), the trunk to physics (statements of intermediate generality), and the branches and fruit to what we would call applied science.
정의	데카르트는 과학과 철학 전체를 오늘날의 과학처럼 보았고, 형이상학은 결과로 정당화된다고 여겼다.	He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy as we today regard science alone; he felt that the metaphysical principles were ultimately justified by their "fruits," not merely by their self-evidence.
예시	당시 응용과학에는 역학뿐만 아니라 의학과 윤리도 포함되었다.	What we today call applied science consisted for him not only in mechanics but also in medicine and ethics.
문제 제기	데카르트식 원리로는 실제 관찰과 정확히 일치하는 결과를 도출할 수 없었다.	The difficulty was that from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science-philosophy no results could be derived which were precisely in agreement with observation, but these principles seemed to be intelligible and plausible.
결론	결과적으로 형이상학은 배제되고 물리학에서 직접 응용으로 이어지는 방식으로 과학이 바뀌었다.	So the tree was cut in the middle. For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to start from the physical principles in the trunk. Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would develop from the trunk without regard to the roots.

 

 

 

 

 

	문제 지문	원문 지문
1	The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous tree of Descartes:	The unity of science and philosophy in the old classical sense was perhaps best described by the famous tree of Descartes:
2	The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles),	The roots of this tree corresponded to metaphysics (the intelligible principles),
3	the trunk to physics (statements of intermediate generality),	the trunk to physics (statements of intermediate generality),
4	and the branches and fruit to what we would call applied science.	and the branches and fruit to what we would call applied science.
5	He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy as we today regard science alone;	He regarded the whole system of science and philosophy as we today regard science alone;
6	he felt that the metaphysical principles were ultimately justified by their "fruits," not merely by their self-evidence.	he felt that the metaphysical principles were ultimately justified by their “fruits,” not merely by their self-evidence.
7	What we today call applied science consisted for him not only in mechanics but also in medicine and ethics;	What we today call applied science consisted for him not only in mechanics (engineering) but also in medicine and ethics;
8	The difficulty was that from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science-philosophy no results could be derived which were precisely in agreement with observation,	The difficulty was that from the general principles of Cartesian or Aristotelian science-philosophy no results could be derived which were precisely in agreement with observation,
9	but these principles seemed to be intelligible and plausible.	but these principles seemed to be intelligible and plausible.
10	So the tree was cut in the middle.	So the tree was cut in the middle.
11	For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to start from the physical principles in the trunk.	For the derivation of technical results, it was necessary to start from the physical principles in the trunk, the middle of the tree.
12	Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would develop from the trunk without regard to the roots.	Science in the new sense was to think only of how the fruits would develop from the trunk without regard to the roots from which they sprang.

 

* 원문 참고 어휘

• the middle of the tree 나무의 중간 부분 (= trunk 나무의 몸통)
• spring from ~에서 나오다

 

 

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