[고1] 2023년 11월 모의고사(12월 시행) - 한줄해석 (좌지문 우해석)

 

 

 

안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

 

오늘은 <2023년도 11월 고1 영어 모의고사(12월 시행)>의 한줄해석(좌지문 우해석) 자료 올립니다.
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[고1] 2023년 11월 모의고사 (12월 시행) - 한줄해석

[고1~고2] 2023년 11월 모의고사(12월 시행) - 지문 정리 (문제 제작용 hwp 한글 파일)

[고1] 2023년도 11월 모의고사(12월 시행) - 기출문제 모음 #1 (103문항)

 

전체 내용

[고1] 2023 11월 – 18번: 패션 매장의 판매직 지원을 위한 경험과 자격 소개
① Dear Ms. MacAlpine,	친애하는 MacAlpine씨께,
② I was so excited to hear that your brand is opening a new shop on Bruns Street next month.	저는 당신의 브랜드가 다음 달에 Bruns 거리에 새매장을 연다는 것을 듣고 매우 들떴습니다.
③ I have always appreciated the way your brand helps women to feel more stylish and confident.	저는 당신의 브랜드가 여성들이 더 멋지고 자신감있게 느끼도록 도와주는 방식을 항상 높이 평가해왔습니다.
④ I am writing in response to your ad in the Bruns Journal.	저는 Bruns Journal에 있는 당신의 광고에 대한 응답으로 편지를 쓰고 있습니다.
⑤ I graduated from the Meline School of Fashion and have worked as a sales assistant at LoganMart for the last five years.	저는 Meline 패션 학교를 졸업했고 지난 5년간LoganMart에서 판매 보조원으로 일해 왔습니다.
⑥ During that time, I've developed strong customer service and sales skills, and now I would like to apply for the sales position in your clothing store.	그 기간 동안 저는 뛰어난 고객 서비스 및 판매 기술을 발달시켜 왔고, 이제 당신의 의류 매장의 판매직에 지원하고 싶습니다.
⑦ I am available for an interview at your earliest convenience.	저는 당신이 편한 가장 빠른 시간에 인터뷰가 가능합니다.
⑧ I look forward to hearing from you.	당신으로부터 대답을 듣게 되기를 기대합니다.
⑨ Thank you for reading my letter.	저의 편지를 읽어 주셔서 감사드립니다.
⑩ Yours sincerely, Grace Braddock	Grace Braddock 드림

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 19번: 신혼여행 중 결혼 반지를 잃고 찾으려 했던 경험
① I had never seen a beach with such white sand or water that was such a beautiful shade of blue.	나는 그렇게 하얀 모래나 그렇게 아름다운 푸른 색조의 바다를 가진 해변을 한 번도 본 적이 없었다.
② Jane and I set up a blanket on the sand while looking forward to our ten days of honeymooning on an exotic island.	이국적인 섬에서의 열흘간의 신혼여행을 기대하면서 Jane과 나는 모래 위에 담요를 깔았다.
③ "Look!" Jane waved her hand to point at the beautiful scene before us ― and her gold wedding ring went flying off her hand.	"저기 좀 봐!" Jane이 그녀의 손을 흔들어 우리 앞의 아름다운 풍경을 가리켰다. 그러자 그녀의 금으로 된 결혼반지가 그녀의 손에서 빠져 날아갔다.
④ I tried to see where it went, but the sun hit my eyes and I lost track of it.	나는 그것이 날아간 곳을 보려고 노력했지만, 햇빛이 눈에 들어와 그것의 가던 방향을 놓쳤다.
⑤ I didn't want to lose her wedding ring, so I started looking in the area where I thought it had landed.	나는 그녀의 결혼 반지를 잃어버리고 싶지 않아서내가 생각하기에 그것이 떨어졌을 장소를 들여다보기 시작했다.
⑥ However, the sand was so fine and I realized that anything heavy, like gold, would quickly sink and might never be found again.	하지만 모래가 너무 고왔고 나는 금처럼 무거운 것은 빨리 가라앉아 다시는 발견되지 않을 수도 있겠다는 것을 깨달았다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 20번: 지속적인 자기 성장을 위해 의식적 노력이 필요함
① Unfortunately, many people don't take personal responsibility for their own growth.	안타깝게도 많은 사람들이 그들 자신의 성장에 대해 개인적인 책임을 지지 않는다.
② Instead, they simply run the race laid out for them.	대신, 그들은 단지 그들에게 놓인 경주를 한다.
③ They do well enough in school to keep advancing.	그들은 학교에서 계속 발전할 만큼 제법 잘한다.
④ Maybe they manage to get a good job at a well-run company.	아마도 그들은 잘 운영되는 회사에서 좋은 일자리를 얻는 것을 해낸다.
⑤ But so many think and act as if their learning journey ends with college.	하지만 아주 많은 사람들이 마치 그들의 배움의 여정이 대학으로 끝나는 것처럼 생각하고 행동한다.
⑥ They have checked all the boxes in the life that was laid out for them and now lack a road map describing the right ways to move forward and continue to grow.	그들은 그들에게 놓인 삶의 모든 사항을 체크했고이제는 앞으로 나아가고 계속 성장할 수 있는 올바른 방법을 설명해 주는 로드 맵이 없다.
⑦ In truth, that's when the journey really begins.	사실, 그때가 여정이 진정으로 시작되는 때이다.
⑧ When school is finished, your growth becomes voluntary.	학교 교육이 끝나면, 여러분의 성장은 자발적이게된다.
⑨ Like healthy eating habits or a regular exercise program, you need to commit to it and devote thought, time, and energy to it.	건강한 식습관이나 규칙적인 운동 프로그램처럼 여러분은 그것에 전념하고 그것에 생각, 시간, 그리고에너지를 쏟을 필요가 있다.
⑩ Otherwise, it simply won't happen ― and your life and career are likely to stop progressing as a result.	그렇지 않으면 그것은 그냥 일어나지 않을 것이고, 결과적으로 여러분의 삶과 경력이 진전을 멈출 가능성이 있다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 21번: 색은 객관적, 주관적 요소가 결합된 현상임
① Many people take the commonsense view that color is an objective property of things, or of the light that bounces off them.	많은 사람들이 색은 사물 또는 사물로부터 튕겨 나오는 빛의 객관적인 속성이라는 상식적인 견해를 취한다.
② They say a tree's leaves are green because they reflect green light ― a greenness that is just as real as the leaves.	그들은 나뭇잎이 녹색 빛(정확히 나뭇잎만큼 진짜인 녹색)을 반사하기 때문에 녹색이라고 말한다.
③ Others argue that color doesn't inhabit the physical world at all but exists only in the eye or mind of the viewer.	다른 사람들은 색이 물리적인 세계에 전혀 존재하지않고 보는 사람의 눈이나 정신 안에만 존재한다고주장한다.
④ They maintain that if a tree fell in a forest and no one was there to see it, its leaves would be colorless ― and so would everything else.	그들은 만약 나무가 숲에서 쓰러지고 그것을 볼 사람이 아무도 거기에 없다면, 그것의 잎은 색이 없을것이고, 다른 모든 것들도 그럴 것이라고 주장한다.
⑤ They say there is no such thing as color; there are only the people who see it.	그들은 색 같은 '것'은 없고 그것을 보는 사람들만있다고 말한다.
⑥ Both positions are, in a way, correct.	두 가지 입장 모두 어떤 면에서는 옳다.
⑦ Color is objective and subjective ― "the place," as Paul Cezanne put it, "where our brain and the universe meet."	색은 객관적이고 '동시에' 주관적이며, Paul Cezanne이 말했듯이 '우리의 뇌와 우주가 만나는곳'이다.
⑧ Color is created when light from the world is registered by the eyes and interpreted by the brain.	색은 세상으로부터의 빛이 눈에 의해 등록되고 뇌에의해 해석될 때 만들어진다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 22번: 소설 집필 시 과도한 세부정보보다 핵심 경험이 중요
① When writing a novel, research for information needs to be done.	소설을 쓸 때 정보를 위한 조사가 행해질 필요가 있다.
② The thing is that some kinds of fiction demand a higher level of detail: crime fiction, for example, or scientific thrillers.	문제는 예를 들어 범죄 소설이나 과학 스릴러와 같은 어떤 종류의 소설은 더 높은 수준의 세부 사항을요구한다는 것이다.
③ The information is never hard to find; one website for authors even organizes trips to police stations, so that crime writers can get it right.	정보는 찾기에 결코 어렵지 않다. 작가들을 위한 한웹사이트는 범죄물 작가들이 정보를 제대로 얻을수 있도록 심지어 경찰서로의 탐방을 조직하기도한다.
④ Often, a polite letter will earn you permission to visit a particular location and record all the details that you need.	종종 정중한 편지는 여러분에게 특정한 장소를 방문하고 필요한 모든 세부 사항을 기록할 수 있는 허가를 얻어 줄 것이다.
⑤ But remember that you will drive your readers to boredom if you think that you need to pack everything you discover into your work.	하지만 만약 여러분이 발견한 모든 것을 작품에 담아야 한다고 생각할 경우 여러분은 독자들을 지루하게 만들 것이라는 것을 기억하라.
⑥ The details that matter are those that reveal the human experience.	중요한 세부 사항은 인간의 경험을 드러내는 것이다.
⑦ The crucial thing is telling a story, finding the characters, the tension, and the conflict ― not the train timetable or the building blueprint.	중요한 것은 기차 시간표나 건물 청사진이 아니라인물, 긴장, 그리고 갈등을 찾아가며 이야기를 말하는 것이다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 23번: 구강 건강은 신체 건강과 밀접히 연관됨
① Nearly everything has to go through your mouth to get to the rest of you, from food and air to bacteria and viruses.	음식과 공기에서부터 박테리아와 바이러스까지 거의 모든 것이 여러분의 나머지 부분에 도달하기 위해 여러분의 입을 거쳐야 한다.
② A healthy mouth can help your body get what it needs and prevent it from harm ― with adequate space for air to travel to your lungs, and healthy teeth and gums that prevent harmful microorganisms from entering your bloodstream.	건강한 입은 공기가 폐로 이동할 수 있는 적당한 공간, 그리고 해로운 미생물이 혈류로 들어가는 것을막는 건강한 치아와 잇몸으로 여러분의 몸이 필요한 것을 얻고, 피해로부터 몸을 지키도록 도와줄 수있다.
③ From the moment you are created, oral health affects every aspect of your life.	여러분이 생겨난 순간부터 구강 건강은 여러분의삶의 모든 측면에 영향을 미친다.
④ What happens in the mouth is usually just the tip of the iceberg and a reflection of what is happening in other parts of the body.	입안에서 일어나는 일은 대개 빙산의 일각일 뿐이며 신체의 다른 부분에서 일어나고 있는 일의 반영이다.
⑤ Poor oral health can be a cause of a disease that affects the entire body.	나쁜 구강 건강은 전체 몸에 영향을 끼치는 질병의원인일 수 있다.
⑥ The microorganisms in an unhealthy mouth can enter the bloodstream and travel anywhere in the body, posing serious health risks.	건강하지 않은 입안의 미생물은 혈류로 들어가고신체의 어느 곳이든 이동하여 심각한 건강상의 위험을 초래할 수 있다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 24번: 신경계는 변화에 민감하고 반복에는 쉽게 지루함
① Kids tire of their toys, college students get sick of cafeteria food, and sooner or later most of us lose interest in our favorite TV shows.	아이들은 자기들의 장난감에 지루해하고, 대학생들은 카페테리아 음식에 싫증을 내고, 머지않아 우리중 대부분은 우리가 가장 좋아하는 TV쇼에 흥미를잃는다.
② The bottom line is that we humans are easily bored.	요점은 우리 인간이 쉽게 지루해한다는 것이다.
③ But why should this be true?	그런데 왜 이것이 사실이어야 할까?
④ The answer lies buried deep in our nerve cells, which are designed to reduce their initial excited response to stimuli each time they occur.	답은 자극이 일어날 때마다 그것에 대한 초기의 흥분된 반응을 약화하도록 설계된 우리의 신경 세포내에 깊이 숨어 있다.
⑤ At the same time, these neurons enhance their responses to things that change ― especially things that change quickly.	동시에 이 뉴런들은 변화하는 것들, 특히 빠르게 변화하는 것들에 대한 반응을 강화한다.
⑥ We probably evolved this way because our ancestors got more survival value, for example, from attending to what was moving in a tree (such as a puma) than to the tree itself.	예를 들면 우리는 아마도 우리의 조상이 나무 그 자체보다 (퓨마처럼) 나무에서 움직이는 것에 주의를기울이는 것으로부터 더 많은 생존 가치를 얻었기때문에 이런 방식으로 진화했을 것이다.
⑦ Boredom in reaction to an unchanging environment turns down the level of neural excitation so that new stimuli (like our ancestor's hypothetical puma threat) stand out more.	변하지 않는 환경에 대한 반응으로의 지루함은 신경 흥분의 수준을 낮춰 (우리 조상이 가정한 퓨마의위협과 같은) 새로운 자극이 더 두드러지게 한다.
⑧ It's the neural equivalent of turning off a front door light to see the fireflies.	이것은 반딧불이를 보기 위해 앞문의 불을 끄는 것의 신경적 대응물이다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 25번: 2018~2022년 청정 에너지 투자 증가 분석
① The above graph shows global energy investment in clean energy and in fossil fuels between 2018 and 2022.	위의 그래프는 2018년과 2022년 사이에 청정에너지와 화석 연료에 대한 전 세계 에너지 투자액을 보여 준다.
② Since 2018 global energy investment in clean energy continued to rise, reaching its highest level in 2022.	2018년 이후로 청정에너지에 대한 전 세계 투자액은 계속해서 상승했으며, 2022년에 가장 높은 수준에 도달했다.
③ The investment gap between clean energy and fossil fuels in 2020 was larger than that in 2019.	2020년의 청정에너지와 화석 연료 사이 투자액 격차는 2019년의 그것보다 컸다.
④ Investment in fossil fuels was highest in 2018 and lowest in 2020.	화석 연료에 대한 투자액은 2018년에 가장 높았고2020년에 가장 낮았다.
⑤ In 2021, investment in clean energy exceeded 1,200 billion dollars, while investment in fossil fuels did not.	2021년에는 청정에너지에 대한 투자액이 1조2000억 달러를 넘은 반면, 화석 연료에 대한 투자액은 그러지 않았다.
⑥ In 2022, the global investment in clean energy was more than double that of fossil fuels.	2022년에는 청정에너지에 대한 전 세계 투자액이화석 연료의 그것의 두 배 이상이었다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 26번: Frederick Douglass의 노예제 폐지와 평등 활동
① Frederick Douglass was born into slavery at a farm in Maryland.	Frederick Douglass는 Maryland의 한 농장에서노예로 태어났다.
② His full name at birth was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey.	태어났을 때 그의 성명은 Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey였다.
③ He changed his name to Frederick Douglass after he successfully escaped from slavery in 1838.	그는 1838년에 노예 상태에서 성공적으로 탈출한후 자신의 이름을 Frederick Douglass로 바꿨다.
④ He became a leader of the Underground Railroad ― a network of people, places, and routes that helped enslaved people escape to the north.	그는 노예가 된 사람들을 북쪽으로 탈출하도록 돕는사람, 장소, 경로의 조직인 Underground Railroad의 리더가 되었다.
⑤ He assisted other runaway slaves until they could safely get to other areas in the north.	그는 다른 도망친 노예들이 북쪽의 다른 지역에 안전하게 도착할 수 있을 때까지 그들을 도왔다.
⑥ As a slave, he had taught himself to read and write and he spread that knowledge to other slaves as well.	노예로서 그는 읽고 쓰는 것을 독학했고, 그 지식을다른 노예들에게도 전파했다.
⑦ Once free, he became a well-known abolitionist and strong believer in equality for all people including Blacks, Native Americans, women, and recent immigrants.	자유로워지고 난 뒤 그는 유명한 노예제 폐지론자이자 흑인, 아메리카 원주민, 여성, 그리고 최근 이민자들을 포함한 모든 사람들을 위한 평등에 대한 강한 신봉자가 되었다.
⑧ He wrote several autobiographies describing his experiences as a slave.	그는 노예로서의 자신의 경험을 묘사한 몇 권의 자서전을 썼다.
⑨ In addition to all this, he became the first African-American candidate for vice president of the United States.	이 모든 것에 더하여 그는 미국의 첫 아프리카계 미국인 부통령 후보가 되었다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 29번: 뇌사 진단 기준의 엄격함이 신뢰와 의혹 모두 유발 가능
① Some countries have proposed tougher guidelines for determining brain death when transplantation ― transferring organs to others ― is under consideration.	일부 국가는 장기 이식, 즉 다른 사람에게 장기를전달하는 것을 고려 중일 때 뇌사를 결정하는 것에대한 더 엄격한 지침을 제안했다.
② In several European countries, there are legal requirements which specify that a whole team of doctors must agree over the diagnosis of death in the case of a potential donor.	몇몇 유럽 국가에는 잠재적 기증자의 경우 의사 팀전체가 사망 진단에 동의해야 한다고 명시하는 법적 요건들이 있다.
③ The reason for these strict regulations for diagnosing brain death in potential organ donors is, no doubt, to ease public fears of a premature diagnosis of brain death for the purpose of obtaining organs.	잠재적인 장기 기증자의 뇌사 진단에 대한 이러한엄격한 규정들의 이유는 의심할 바 없이 장기 확보를 위한 너무 이른 뇌사 진단에 대한 대중의 두려움을 완화하기 위한 것이다.
④ But it is questionable whether these requirements reduce public suspicions as much as they create them.	하지만 이러한 요건들이 대중의 의심을 만들어 내는 만큼 그것을 줄여 주는지는 의문이다.
⑤ They certainly maintain mistaken beliefs that diagnosing brain death is an unreliable process lacking precision.	그것들은 뇌사 진단이 정확성이 결여된 신뢰하기어려운 과정이라는 잘못된 믿음을 확실히 유지시킨다.
⑥ As a matter of consistency, at least, criteria for diagnosing the deaths of organ donors should be exactly the same as for those for whom immediate burial or cremation is intended.	적어도 일관성의 이유로 장기 기증자의 사망 진단기준은 즉각적인 매장 또는 화장이 예정된 사람들에 대한 그것과 정확히 동일해야 한다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 30번: 미니멀리즘은 불필요한 물건 제거로 삶의 명료함 제공
① The term minimalism gives a negative impression to some people who think that it is all about sacrificing valuable possessions.	미니멀리즘이라는 용어는 그것을 소중한 소유물을희생하는 것에 관한 것으로만 생각하는 일부 사람들에게 부정적인 인상을 준다.
② This insecurity naturally stems from their attachment to their possessions.	이러한 불안은 자신의 소유물에 대한 애착에서 자연스럽게 비롯된다.
③ It is difficult to distance oneself from something that has been around for quite some time.	꽤 오랫동안 곁에 있어 왔던 것으로부터 자신을 멀리 두는 것은 어렵다.
④ Being an emotional animal, human beings give meaning to the things around them.	감정의 동물이기 때문에, 인간은 그들의 곁에 있는물건에 의미를 부여한다.
⑤ So, the question arising here is that if minimalism will hurt one's emotions, why become a minimalist?	그래서 여기서 생기는 질문은 미니멀리즘이 사람의감정을 상하게 한다면 왜 미니멀리스트가 되느냐는것이다.
⑥ The answer is very simple; the assumption of the question is fundamentally wrong.	대답은 매우 간단하다. 그 질문의 가정은 근본적으로 틀리다.
⑦ Minimalism does not hurt emotions.	미니멀리즘은 감정을 상하게 하지 않는다.
⑧ You might feel a bit sad while getting rid of a useless item but sooner than later, this feeling will be overcome by the joy of clarity.	여러분은 쓸모 없는 물건을 치우면서 조금 슬퍼할수도 있지만 머지않아 이 느낌은 명료함의 기쁨으로 극복될 것이다.
⑨ Minimalists never argue that you should leave every convenience of the modern era.	미니멀리스트는 여러분이 현대의 모든 편의를 버려야 한다고 주장하지 않는다.
⑩ They are of the view that you only need to eliminate stuff that is unused or not going to be used in the near future.	그들은 여러분이 사용되지 않거나 가까운 미래에사용되지 않을 물건을 없애기만 하면 된다는 견해를 가지고 있다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 31번: 시각적 적응으로 새로운 환경에도 빠르게 적응 가능
① A remarkable characteristic of the visual system is that it has the ability of adapting itself.	시각 체계의 두드러진 특징은 스스로 적응하는 능력이 있다는 것이다.
② Psychologist George M. Stratton made this clear in an impressive self-experiment.	심리학자 George M. Stratton은 인상적인 자가 실험에서 이것을 분명히 했다.
③ Stratton wore reversing glasses for several days, which literally turned the world upside down for him.	Stratton은 며칠 동안 반전 안경을 착용했는데 그안경은 말 그대로 그에게 세상을 뒤집어 놓았다.
④ In the beginning, this caused him great difficulties: just putting food in his mouth with a fork was a challenge for him.	처음에 이것은 그에게 큰 어려움을 초래하였다. 포크로 음식을 입에 넣는 것조차 그에게는 도전이었다.
⑤ With time, however, his visual system adjusted to the new stimuli from reality, and he was able to act normally in his environment again, even seeing it upright when he concentrated.	그러나 시간이 지나면서 그의 시각 체계는 현실의새로운 자극에 적응했고, 그가 집중했을 때는 심지어 똑바로 보면서, 다시 자신의 환경에서 정상적으로 행동할 수 있었다.
⑥ As he took off his reversing glasses, he was again confronted with problems: he used the wrong hand when he wanted to reach for something, for example.	반전 안경을 벗었을 때 그는 다시 문제에 직면했다.예를 들어 그가 무언가를 잡기를 원할 때 그는 반대손을 사용했다.
⑦ Fortunately, Stratton could reverse the perception, and he did not have to wear reversing glasses for the rest of his life.	다행히 Stratton은 지각을 뒤집을 수 있었고 평생반전 안경을 착용하지 않아도 되었다.
⑧ For him, everything returned to normal after one day.	그에게 하루 만에 모든 것이 정상으로 돌아왔다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 32번: 인터넷 사용이 지식 과대평가를 유발할 수 있음
① Participants in a study were asked to answer questions like "Why does the moon have phases?"	한 연구의 참가자들이 '달은 왜 상을 가지고 있을까'와 같은 질문들에 답하도록 요청받았다.
② Half the participants were told to search for the answers on the internet, while the other half weren't allowed to do so.	참가자의 절반은 인터넷에서 답을 검색하라는 말을들었고 나머지 절반은 그렇게 하도록 허용되지 않았다.
③ Then, in the second part of the study, all of the participants were presented with a new set of questions, such as "Why does Swiss cheese have holes?"	그 다음, 연구의 두 번째 단계에서 모든 참가자는'스위스 치즈에는 왜 구멍이 있을까'와 같은 일련의새로운 질문들을 제시받았다.
④ These questions were unrelated to the ones asked during the first part of the study, so participants who used the internet had absolutely no advantage over those who hadn't.	이 질문들은 연구의 첫 번째 단계에서 질문받았던것들과는 관련이 없어서 인터넷을 사용한 참가자들은 그러지 않은 참가자들 보다 이점이 전혀 없었다.
⑤ You would think that both sets of participants would be equally sure or unsure about how well they could answer the new questions.	여러분은 두 집단의 참가자들이 새로운 질문들에얼마나 잘 대답할 수 있을 지에 대해 동일한 정도로확신하거나 확신하지 못할 것으로 생각할 것이다.
⑥ But those who used the internet in the first part of the study rated themselves as more knowledgeable than those who hadn't, even about questions they hadn't searched online for.	그러나 연구의 첫 번째 단계에서 인터넷을 사용했던 참가자들은 자신이 온라인에서 검색하지 않았던질문들에 대해서조차 그러지 않았던 참가자들보다스스로가 더 많이 알고 있다고 평가했다.
⑦ The study suggests that having access to unrelated information was enough to pump up their intellectual confidence.	이 연구는 관련 없는 정보에 접근하는 것이 그들의지적 자신감을 부풀리기에 충분했다는 것을 시사한다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 33번: 관점 변화로 세계 이해 방식을 다각화할 수 있음
① Anthropologist Gregory Bateson suggests that we tend to understand the world by focusing in on particular features within it.	인류학자 Gregory Bateson은 우리가 세상 안의특정한 특징에 초점을 맞춤으로써 세상을 이해하는경향이 있다고 제안한다.
② Take platypuses. We might zoom in so closely to their fur that each hair appears different.	오리너구리를 예로 들어 보자. 우리가 그들의 털을매우 가까이 확대하면 각 가닥이 다르게 보인다.
③ We might also zoom out to the extent where it appears as a single, uniform object.	우리는 또한 그것이 하나의 동일한 개체로 보이는정도까지 축소할 수도 있다.
④ We might take the platypus as an individual, or we might treat it as part of a larger unit such as a species or an ecosystem.	우리는 오리너구리를 개체로 취급할 수도 있고 종또는 생태계와 같이 더 큰 단위의 일부로 취급할 수도 있다.
⑤ It's possible to move between many of these perspectives, although we may need some additional tools and skills to zoom in on individual pieces of hair or zoom out to entire ecosystems.	비록 개별 머리카락을 확대하거나 전체 생태계로 축소하기 위해 몇 가지 추가 도구와 기술이 필요할지도 모르지만, 이러한 많은 관점 사이를 이동하는 것은 가능하다.
⑥ Crucially, however, we can only take up one perspective at a time.	그러나 결정적으로 우리는 한 번에 하나의 관점만취할 수 있다.
⑦ We can pay attention to the varied behavior of individual animals, look at what unites them into a single species, or look at them as part of bigger ecological patterns.	우리는 개별 동물의 다양한 행동에 주의를 기울일수 있고, 그들을 단일 종으로 통합하는 것을 살펴볼수도 있고, 더 큰 생태학적 패턴의 일부로서 그들을살펴볼 수도 있다.
⑧ Every possible perspective involves emphasizing certain aspects and ignoring others.	가능한 모든 관점은 특정 측면을 강조하고 다른 측면을 외면하는 것을 포함한다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 34번: 플라톤은 이상적 '형상' 개념으로 현실을 설명함
① Plato's realism includes all aspects of experience but is most easily explained by considering the nature of mathematical and geometrical objects such as circles.	플라톤의 실재론은 경험의 모든 측면을 포함하지만, 원과 같은 수학적이고 기하학적인 대상의 특성을 고려함으로써 가장 쉽게 설명된다.
② He asked the question, what is a circle?	그는 '원이란 무엇인가'라는 질문을 했다.
③ You might indicate a particular example carved into stone or drawn in the sand.	여러분은 돌에 새겨져 있거나 모래에 그려진 특정한 예를 가리킬 수 있다.
④ However, Plato would point out that, if you looked closely enough, you would see that neither it, nor indeed any physical circle, was perfect.	그러나 플라톤은 여러분이 충분히 면밀히 관찰한다면, 여러분이 그 어느 것도, 진정 어떤 물리적인 원도 완벽하지 않다는 것을 알게 될 것이라고 지적할것이다.
⑤ They all possessed flaws, and all were subject to change and decayed with time.	그것들 모두는 결함을 가지고 있었고, 모두 변화의영향을 받고 시간이 지남에 따라 쇠하였다.
⑥ So how can we talk about perfect circles if we cannot actually see or touch them?	그렇다면, 우리가 완벽한 원을 실제로 보거나 만질수 없다면, 그것에 대해 어떻게 이야기할 수 있을까?
⑦ Plato's extraordinary answer was that the world we see is a poor reflection of a deeper unseen reality of Forms, or universals, where perfect cats chase perfect mice in perfect circles around perfect rocks.	플라톤의 비범한 대답은 우리가 보는 세상이 완벽한 고양이가 완벽한 암석 주변에서 완벽한 원을 그리며 완벽한 쥐를 쫓는 '형상' 또는 '보편자'라는 더깊은 보이지 않는 실재의 불충분한 반영물이라는것이다.
⑧ Plato believed that the Forms or universals are the true reality that exists in an invisible but perfect world beyond our senses.	플라톤은 '형상' 또는 '보편자'가 보이지 않지만 우리의 감각을 넘어선 완벽한 세계에 존재하는 진정한 실재라고 믿었다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 35번: 데이터 확장이 정확성보다 유용성을 강화함
① In statistics, the law of large numbers describes a situation where having more data is better for making predictions.	통계학에서 대수의 법칙은 더 많은 데이터를 갖는것이 예측하는 데 더 좋은 상황을 설명한다.
② According to it, the more often an experiment is conducted, the closer the average of the results can be expected to match the true state of the world.	그것에 따르면 실험이 더 자주 수행될수록 그 결과의 평균이 세상의 실제 상태에 더 맞춰지는 것으로예상될 수 있다.
③ For instance, on your first encounter with the game of roulette, you may have beginner's luck after betting on 7.	예를 들어 룰렛 게임을 처음 접했을 때 7에 베팅한후 여러분은 초보자의 운이 있을 수 있다.
④ But the more often you repeat this bet, the closer the relative frequency of wins and losses is expected to approach the true chance of winning, meaning that your luck will at some point fade away.	하지만 당신이 이 베팅을 더 자주 반복할수록 승패의 상대적인 빈도가 진짜 승률에 더 가까워질 것으로 예상되는데 이는 당신의 운이 어느 순간 사라진다는 것을 의미한다.
⑤ Similarly, car insurers collect large amounts of data to figure out the chances that drivers will cause accidents, depending on their age, region, or car brand.	마찬가지로 자동차 보험사는 운전자가 그들의 연령, 지역 또는 자동차 브랜드에 따라 사고를 일으킬확률을 파악하기 위해 많은 양의 데이터를 수집한다.
⑥ Both casinos and insurance industries rely on the law of large numbers to balance individual losses.	카지노와 보험 산업 모두 개별 손실의 균형을 맞추기 위해 대수의 법칙에 의존한다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 36번: 청소년기 감정 의사결정은 전두엽 미성숙과 연관됨
① The adolescent brain is not fully developed until its early twenties.	청소년기의 뇌는 20대 초반까지는 완전히 발달하지 않는다.
② This means the way the adolescents' decision-making circuits integrate and process information may put them at a disadvantage.	이것은 청소년의 의사 결정 회로가 정보를 통합하고 처리하는 방식이 그들을 불리하게 만들 수 있음을 의미한다.
③ One of their brain regions that matures later is the prefrontal cortex, which is the control center, tasked with thinking ahead and evaluating consequences.	나중에 성숙하는 뇌 영역 중 하나는 통제 센터인 전전두엽 피질이며, 그것은 미리 생각하고 결과를 평가하는 임무를 맡고 있다.
④ It is the area of the brain responsible for preventing you from sending off an initial angry text and modifying it with kinder words.	그것은 당신이 초기의 화가 난 문자를 보내는 것을막고 그것을 더 친절한 단어로 수정하게 하는 역할을 하는 뇌의 영역이다.
⑤ On the other hand, the limbic system matures earlier, playing a central role in processing emotional responses.	반면 대뇌변연계는 더 일찍 성숙하여 정서적 반응을 처리하는 데 중심적인 역할을 한다.
⑥ Because of its earlier development, it is more likely to influence decision-making.	그것의 더 이른 발달로 인해 그것이 의사 결정에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 더 높다.
⑦ Decision-making in the adolescent brain is led by emotional factors more than the perception of consequences.	청소년기의 뇌에서 의사 결정은 결과의 인식보다감정적인 요인에 의해 이끌어진다.
⑧ Due to these differences, there is an imbalance between feeling-based decision-making ruled by the more mature limbic system and logical-based decision-making by the not-yet-mature prefrontal cortex.	이러한 차이점 때문에 더 성숙한 대뇌변연계에 의해 지배되는 감정 기반 의사 결정과 아직 성숙하지않은 전전두엽 피질 에 의한 논리 기반 의사 결정사이에는 불균형이 존재한다.
⑨ This may explain why some teens are more likely to make bad decisions.	이것은 왜 일부 십 대들이 그릇된 결정을 내릴 가능성이 더 높은지를 설명해 줄 수 있다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 37번: 얼굴 인식 기술의 정확성을 높이기 위한 연구 필요
① Despite the remarkable progress in deep-learning based facial recognition approaches in recent years, in terms of identification performance, they still have limitations.	최근 몇 년 동안 딥러닝 기반의 얼굴 인식 접근법의눈에 띄는 발전에도 불구하고, 식별 성능 측면에서여전히 그것은 한계를 가지고 있다.
② These limitations relate to the database used in the learning stage.	이러한 한계는 학습 단계에서 사용되는 데이터베이스와 관련이 있다.
③ If the selected database does not contain enough instances, the result may be systematically affected.	선택된 데이터베이스가 충분한 사례를 포함하지 않으면 그 결과가 시스템적으로 영향을 받을 수 있다.
④ For example, the performance of a facial biometric system may decrease if the person to be identified was enrolled over 10 years ago.	예를 들어 식별될 사람이 10년도 더 전에 등록된경우 안면 생체 측정 시스템의 성능이 저하될 수 있다.
⑤ The factor to consider is that this person may experience changes in the texture of the face, particularly with the appearance of wrinkles and sagging skin.	고려해야 할 요인은 이 사람이 특히 주름과 처진 피부가 나타나는 것을 동반한 얼굴의 질감 변화를 경험할 수 있다는 것이다.
⑥ These changes may be highlighted by weight gain or loss.	이러한 변화는 체중 증가 또는 감소에 의해 두드러질 수 있다.
⑦ To counteract this problem, researchers have developed models for face aging or digital de-aging.	이 문제에 대응하기 위해 연구자들은 얼굴 노화나디지털 노화 완화의 모델을 개발했다.
⑧ It is used to compensate for the differences in facial characteristics, which appear over a given time period.	그것은 주어진 기간 동안 나타나는 얼굴 특성의 차이를 보완하는 데 사용된다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 38번: 농작물 다양성 감소가 식량 체계 취약성을 증가시킴
① The decline in the diversity of our food is an entirely human-made process.	우리 음식의 다양성의 감소는 전적으로 인간이 만든 과정이다.
② The biggest loss of crop diversity came in the decades that followed the Second World War.	농작물 다양성의 가장 큰 손실은 제2차 세계 대전이후 수십 년 동안 나타났다.
③ In an attempt to save millions from extreme hunger, crop scientists found ways to produce grains such as rice and wheat on an enormous scale.	수백 만 명의 사람들을 극도의 배고픔에서 구하고자 하는 시도에서 작물 과학자들이 쌀과 밀과 같은곡물을 엄청난 규모로 생산하는 방법을 발견했다.
④ And thousands of traditional varieties were replaced by a small number of new super-productive ones.	그리고 수 천 개의 전통적인 종들은 소수의 새로운초(超)생산적인 종들로 대체되었다.
⑤ The strategy worked spectacularly well, at least to begin with.	그 전략은 적어도 처음에는 굉장히 잘 작동했다.
⑥ Because of it, grain production tripled, and between 1970 and 2020 the human population more than doubled.	그것 때문에 곡물 생산량은 세 배가 되었고 1970년과 2020년 사이에 인구는 두 배 이상 증가했다.
⑦ Leaving the contribution of that strategy to one side, the danger of creating more uniform crops is that they are more at risk when it comes to disasters.	그 전략의 기여를 차치하고, 더 획일적인 작물을 만드는 것의 위험은 그것들이 재앙과 관련해 더 큰 위험에 처한다는 것이다.
⑧ Specifically, a global food system that depends on just a narrow selection of plants has a greater chance of not being able to survive diseases, pests and climate extremes.	특히 농작물의 좁은 선택에만 의존하는 세계적인식량 시스템은 질병, 해충 및 기후 위기로부터 생존하지 못할 더 높은 가능성을 가진다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 39번: 쿠바 야구팀의 전통 유니폼 변경이 팀 쇠퇴와 연관
① Between 1940 and 2000, Cuba ruled the world baseball scene.	1940년과 2000년 사이에 쿠바는 세계 야구계를지배했다.
② They won 25 of the first 28 World Cups and 3 of 5 Olympic Games.	그들은 첫 28회의 월드컵 중 25회와 5회의 올림픽게임 중 3회를 이겼다.
③ The Cubans were known for wearing uniforms covered in red from head to toe, a strong contrast to the more conservative North American style featuring grey or white pants.	쿠바인들은 머리부터 발끝까지 빨간색으로 뒤덮인유니폼을 입는 것으로 알려져 있었는데, 이것은 회색이나 흰색 바지를 특징으로 하는 더 보수적인 북미 스타일과 강한 대조를 이룬다.
④ Not only were their athletic talents superior, the Cubans appeared even stronger from just the colour of their uniforms.	쿠바인들의 운동 재능이 뛰어났을 뿐만 아니라 그들은 그들의 유니폼의 색깔만으로도 훨씬 더 강하게 보였다.
⑤ A game would not even start and the opposing team would already be scared.	경기가 시작하지 않았는데도 상대 팀은 이미 겁에질리곤 했다.
⑥ A few years ago, Cuba altered that uniform style, modernizing it and perhaps conforming to other countries' style; interestingly, the national team has declined since that time.	몇 년 전 쿠바는 유니폼을 현대화하고 아마도 다른나라의 스타일에 맞추면서 그 유니폼 스타일을 바꿨다. 흥미롭게도 국가 대표 팀은 그 시기부터 쇠퇴해 왔다.
⑦ The country that ruled international baseball for decades has not been on top since that uniform change.	수십 년 동안 국제 야구를 지배했던 그 나라는 그유니폼 교체 이후로 정상에 오른 적이 없었다.
⑧ Traditions are important for a team; while a team brand or image can adjust to keep up with present times, if it abandons or neglects its roots, negative effects can surface.	전통은 팀에게 중요하다. 팀 브랜드나 이미지는 현시대를 따르기 위해 조정될 수 있지만 팀이 그들의뿌리를 버리거나 무시하면 부정적인 영향이 표면화될 수 있다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 40번: 문화 전파는 유전적 전파보다 복잡한 요소 포함
① Many of the first models of cultural evolution drew noticeable connections between culture and genes by using concepts from theoretical population genetics and applying them to culture.	문화 진화의 많은 초기 모델들은 이론 집단 유전학의 개념을 사용함으로써 그리고 그것들을 문화에적용함으로써 문화와 유전자 사이의 주목할 만한접점을 이끌어 냈다.
② Cultural patterns of transmission, innovation, and selection are conceptually likened to genetic processes of transmission, mutation, and selection.	전파, 혁신, 선택의 문화적 방식은 전달, 돌연변이, 선택의 유전적 과정과 개념적으로 유사하다.
③ However, these approaches had to be modified to account for the differences between genetic and cultural transmission.	그러나 이러한 접근법은 유전자의 전달과 문화 전파 사이의 차이점을 설명하기 위해 수정되어야만했다.
④ For example, we do not expect the cultural transmission to follow the rules of genetic transmission strictly.	예를 들어, 우리는 문화 전파가 유전자 전달의 규칙을 엄격하게 따를 것이라고 예상하지 않는다.
⑤ If two biological parents have different forms of a cultural trait, their child is not necessarily equally likely to acquire the mother's or father's form of that trait.	만약 두 명의 생물학적인 부모가 서로 다른 문화적인 특성의 형태를 가진다면, 그들의 자녀는 반드시엄마 혹은 아빠의 그 특성의 형태를 동일하게 획득하지 않을 수 있다.
⑥ Further, a child can acquire cultural traits not only from its parents but also from nonparental adults and peers; thus, the frequency of a cultural trait in the population is relevant beyond just the probability that an individual's parents had that trait.	더욱이 아이는 문화적인 특성을 부모로부터 뿐만아니라 부모가 아닌 성인이나 또래로부터도 얻을수 있다. 따라서 집단의 문화적인 특성의 빈도는 단지 한 개인의 부모가 그 특성을 가졌을 확률을 넘어서 유의미하다.
⑦ -> Early cultural evolution models used the similarity between culture and genes but had to be revised since cultural transmission allows for more diverse factors than genetic transmission.	-> 초기의 문화 진화 모델들은 문화와 유전자 사이의 유사성을 사용했지만, 문화 전파가 유전자의 전달보다 더 다양한 요인을 허용하기 때문에 수정되어야만 했다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 41~42번: 협력적 행동이 그룹 내 시너지 효과를 생성
① A ball thrown into the air is acted upon by the initial force given it, persisting as inertia of movement and tending to carry it in the same straight line, and by the constant pull of gravity downward, as well as by the resistance of the air.	공중으로 던져진 공은 초기에 그것에 주어진 힘에의해 움직여지는데, 운동의 관성으로 지속하며 같은 직선으로 나아가려는 경향을 보이고, 공기의 저항뿐만 아니라 아래로 지속적으로 당기는 중력에의해서도 움직여진다.
② It moves, accordingly, in a curved path.	그에 맞춰 공은 곡선의 경로로 움직인다.
③ Now the path does not represent the working of any particular force; there is simply the combination of the three elementary forces mentioned; but in a real sense, there is something in the total action besides the isolated action of three forces, namely, their joint action.	이제 그 경로는 어떤 특정한 힘의 작동을 나타내지는 않는다. 언급된 세 가지 기본적인 힘의 결합이존재할 뿐이다. 하지만 사실은 세 가지 힘의 고립된작용 외에 전체적인 작용에 무언가가 있다. 이름하여 그들의 공동 작용이다.
④ In the same way, when two or more human individuals are together, their mutual relationships and their arrangement into a group are things which would not be revealed if we confined our attention to each individual separately.	같은 방식으로, 두 명 혹은 그 이상의 인간 개인이같이 있을 때 그들의 상호 관계와 그들의 집단으로의 배치는 만약 우리가 관심을 개별적으로 각각의개인에게 국한시킨다면 드러나지 않을 것들이다.
⑤ The significance of group behavior is greatly increased in the case of human beings by the fact that some of the tendencies to action of the individual are related definitely to other persons, and could not be aroused except by other persons acting as stimuli.	개인 행동의 몇몇 경향은 명백하게 다른 사람들과관련이 있고 자극으로 작동하는 다른 사람들 없이는 유발되지 않을 수 있다는 사실로 인해 그룹 행동의 중요성이 인간의 경우 크게 증가된다.
⑥ An individual in complete isolation would not reveal their competitive tendencies, their tendencies towards the opposite sex, their protective tendencies towards children.	완전한 고립 속의 개인은 그들의 경쟁적인 성향, 이성에 대한 그들의 성향, 아이에 대한 그들의 보호적성향을 드러내지 않을 것이다.
⑦ This shows that the traits of human nature do not fully appear until the individual is brought into relationships with other individuals.	이것은 개인이 다른 개인과의 관계에 관여될 때까지는 인간 본성의 특성이 완전히 나타나지 않는다는 것을 보여 준다.

 

 

 

[고1] 2023 11월 – 43~45번: 다툰 형제가 목수의 도움으로 화해와 관계 회복
① There once lived a man in a village who was not happy with his life.	옛날 어느 마을에 자신의 삶이 행복하지 않은 한 남자가 살았다.
② He was always troubled by one problem or another.	그는 항상 하나 혹은 또 다른 문제로 어려움을 겪었다.
③ One day, a saint with his guards stopped by his village.	어느 날 한 성자가 그의 경호인들과 함께 그의 마을에 들렀다.
④ Many people heard the news and started going to him with their problems.	많은 사람들이 그 소식을 듣고 그들의 문제를 가지고 그에게 가기 시작했다.
⑤ The man also decided to visit the saint.	그 남자 역시 성자를 방문하기로 결정했다.
⑥ Even after reaching the saint's place in the morning, he didn't get the opportunity to meet him till evening.	아침에 성자가 있는 곳에 도착하고 난 후에도 그(a man)는 저녁 때까지 그를 만날 기회를 얻지 못했다.
⑦ When the man got to meet the saint, he confessed that he was very unhappy with life because problems always surrounded him, like workplace tension or worries about his health.	마침내 그가 성자를 만났을 때 그(a man)는 직장내 긴장이나 건강에 대한 걱정과 같이 항상 문제가자기를 둘러싸고 있어서 삶이 매우 불행하다고 고백했다.
⑧ He said, "Please give me a solution so that all the problems in my life will end and I can live peacefully."	그(a man)는 "나의 삶의 모든 문제가 끝나고 제가평화롭게 살 수 있도록 제발 해결책을 주세요."라고말했다.
⑨ The saint smiled and said that he would answer the request the next day.	성자는 미소 지으면서 그가 다음 날 그 요청에 답해주겠다고 말했다.
⑩ But the saint also asked if the man could do a small job for him.	그런데 성자는 또한 그 남자가 그를 위해 작은 일을해 줄 수 있는지 물었다.
⑪ He told the man to take care of a hundred camels in his group that night, saying "When all hundred camels sit down, you can go to sleep."	성자는 그 남자에게 "백 마리 낙타 모두가 자리에앉으면 당신은 자러 가도 좋습니다."라고 말하면서그날 밤에 그의 일행에 있는 백 마리 낙타를 돌봐달라고 말했다.
⑫ The man agreed.	그 남자는 동의했다.
⑬ The next morning when the saint met that man, he asked if the man had slept well.	다음 날 아침에 성자가 그 남자를 만났을 때 그(a saint)는 남자가 잠을 잘 잤는지 물어보았다.
⑭ Tired and sad, the man replied that he couldn't sleep even for a moment.	피곤해하고 슬퍼하면서 남자는 한순간도 잠을 자지못했다고 대답했다.
⑮ In fact, the man tried very hard but couldn't make all the camels sit at the same time because every time he made one camel sit, another would stand up.	사실 그 남자는 아주 열심히 노력했지만 그(a man)가 낙타 한 마리를 앉힐 때마다 다른 낙타 한마리가 일어섰기 때문에 모든 낙타를 동시에 앉게할 수 없었다.
⑯ The saint told him, "You realized that no matter how hard you try, you can't make all the camels sit down.	그 성자는 그에게 "당신이 아무리 열심히 노력하더라도 모든 낙타를 앉게 만들 수는 없다는 것을 깨달았습니다.
⑰ If one problem is solved, for some reason, another will arise like the camels did.	만약 한 가지 문제가 해결되면 낙타가 그런 것처럼어떤 이유로 또 다른 문제가 일어날 것입니다.
⑱ So, humans should enjoy life despite these problems."	그래서 인간은 이러한 문제에도 불구하고 삶을 즐겨야 합니다."라고 말했다.