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[고1] 2023년 11월 모의고사(12월 시행) - 한줄해석
안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다. 2023년도 11월 고1 영어 모의고사(12월 시행) >의 한줄해석 자료 올립니다.설명문/실용문을 제외한 모든 지문을 포함했습니다. 자료는 PDF와 워드 파일
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[고1] 2023년 11월 모의고사(12월 시행) - 한줄해석 (좌지문 우해석)
안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다. 오늘은 2023년도 11월 고1 영어 모의고사(12월 시행)>의 한줄해석(좌지문 우해석) 자료 올립니다.설명문/실용문을 제외한 전지문 작업했습니다. 자료는 PD
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[고1~고2] 2023년 11월 모의고사(12월 시행) - 지문 정리 (문제 제작용 hwp 한글 파일)
안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다. 오늘은 2023년도 11월 고1~2 영어 모의고사>의 지문 텍스트만한글 파일 hwpx와 pdf 파일로 정리해서 올립니다.변형문제 출제를 위해 해당 지문들을 hwp 한글 파
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[고1] 2023년도 11월 모의고사(12월 시행) - 기출문제 모음 #1 (103문항)
안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다. 오늘은 고1 2023년도 11월 모의고사(12월 시행)>의 기출문제 모음 1번째 자료를 올립니다.[고1] 2023년 11월 기출모음 #1 - 103문항 이번 모의고사는 2023년 12월 19일
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전체 내용
[고1] 2023 11월 – 18번: 패션 매장의 판매직 지원을 위한 경험과 자격 소개
Dear Ms. MacAlpine, I was so excited to hear that your brand is opening a new shop on Bruns Street next month. I have always appreciated the way your brand helps women to feel more stylish and confident. I am writing in response to your ad in the Bruns Journal. I graduated from the Meline School of Fashion and have worked as a sales assistant at LoganMart for the last five years. During that time, I've developed strong customer service and sales skills, and now I would like to apply for the sales position in your clothing store. I am available for an interview at your earliest convenience. I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you for reading my letter. Yours sincerely, Grace Braddock
Possible Titles:
1. Application Letter for a Sales Position in a Fashion Store
2. Grace Braddock's Professional Appeal for a Sales Role
3. Aspiring Sales Assistant Highlighting Fashion Expertise and Experience
4. Customer-Focused Application for a Stylish Brand's New Outlet
Main Idea #1:
Grace Braddock applies for a sales assistant position at a fashion store.
Main Idea #2:
Grace Braddock highlights her experience at LoganMart and her qualifications from the Meline School of Fashion to express her suitability for a sales position at a new shop opening soon.
Summary:
Grace Braddock expresses enthusiasm about the brand's new store and applies for a sales assistant role, emphasizing her customer service and sales experience. She mentions her fashion school background and availability for an interview.
Key Points:
1. Grace Braddock admires the brand for empowering women.
2. She has five years of experience as a sales assistant at LoganMart.
3. She graduated from the Meline School of Fashion.
4. She expresses enthusiasm and requests an interview at the earliest convenience.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 19번: 신혼여행 중 결혼 반지를 잃고 찾으려 했던 경험
I had never seen a beach with such white sand or water that was such a beautiful shade of blue. Jane and I set up a blanket on the sand while looking forward to our ten days of honeymooning on an exotic island. "Look!" Jane waved her hand to point at the beautiful scene before us ― and her gold wedding ring went flying off her hand. I tried to see where it went, but the sun hit my eyes and I lost track of it. I didn't want to lose her wedding ring, so I started looking in the area where I thought it had landed. However, the sand was so fine and I realized that anything heavy, like gold, would quickly sink and might never be found again.
Possible Titles:
1. A Honeymoon Mishap on an Exotic Island
2. Lost Wedding Ring in Fine White Sand
3. The Challenge of Recovering a Precious Symbol of Love
4. Searching for a Wedding Ring in Paradise
Main Idea #1:
A honeymoon turns stressful when a wedding ring is lost on the beach.
Main Idea #2:
While enjoying the start of their honeymoon on an exotic island, a couple faces the challenge of finding a lost wedding ring buried in fine, sinking sand.
Summary:
A couple begins their honeymoon on a beach with white sand and blue water, but their joy is interrupted when the bride’s gold wedding ring accidentally flies off her hand. Despite efforts to locate it, the fine sand poses a significant challenge.
Key Points:
1. The couple is on a honeymoon at a beach with white sand and blue water.
2. Jane accidentally loses her gold wedding ring while pointing at a scene.
3. The husband searches for the ring but struggles due to the sinking sand.
4. The fine sand makes recovering the ring highly difficult.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 20번: 지속적인 자기 성장을 위해 의식적 노력이 필요함
Unfortunately, many people don't take personal responsibility for their own growth. Instead, they simply run the race laid out for them. They do well enough in school to keep advancing. Maybe they manage to get a good job at a well-run company. But so many think and act as if their learning journey ends with college. They have checked all the boxes in the life that was laid out for them and now lack a road map describing the right ways to move forward and continue to grow. In truth, that's when the journey really begins. When school is finished, your growth becomes voluntary. Like healthy eating habits or a regular exercise program, you need to commit to it and devote thought, time, and energy to it. Otherwise, it simply won't happen ― and your life and career are likely to stop progressing as a result.
Possible Titles:
1. The Importance of Voluntary Growth Beyond Formal Education
2. Breaking Free from the Pre-Laid Path to Personal Development
3. Why Lifelong Learning is Key to Personal and Career Success
4. Moving Beyond the Checkboxes of Structured Education
Main Idea #1:
Many people stop pursuing growth after completing their formal education.
Main Idea #2:
True growth begins after formal education ends, requiring a voluntary commitment to continuous self-improvement, much like maintaining healthy habits, to ensure ongoing personal and professional progress.
Summary:
Many individuals stop prioritizing growth after school, assuming their learning journey is complete. However, real progress requires voluntary efforts, like healthy habits, to ensure continued personal and career development. Without dedication, life and career advancement may stagnate.
Key Points:
1. Many people rely solely on structured paths like school and jobs for growth.
2. They often lack a plan for self-improvement after formal education.
3. Lifelong growth requires conscious effort, similar to maintaining health.
4. Neglecting personal growth can lead to stagnation in life and career.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 21번: 색은 객관적, 주관적 요소가 결합된 현상임
Many people take the commonsense view that color is an objective property of things, or of the light that bounces off them. They say a tree's leaves are green because they reflect green light ― a greenness that is just as real as the leaves. Others argue that color doesn't inhabit the physical world at all but exists only in the eye or mind of the viewer. They maintain that if a tree fell in a forest and no one was there to see it, its leaves would be colorless ― and so would everything else. They say there is no such thing as color; there are only the people who see it. Both positions are, in a way, correct. Color is objective and subjective ― "the place," as Paul Cezanne put it, "where our brain and the universe meet." Color is created when light from the world is registered by the eyes and interpreted by the brain.
Possible Titles:
1. Understanding Color as Both Objective and Subjective
2. The Philosophical Debate on the Nature of Color
3. How Color Exists at the Intersection of Light and Perception
4. Reconciling the Physical and Mental Realities of Color
Main Idea #1:
Color is debated as either an objective property of the world or a subjective experience in the mind.
Main Idea #2:
Color exists as both an objective phenomenon involving light and an interpretation in the brain, representing a meeting point between the physical world and human perception.
Summary:
Color is seen either as an inherent property of objects or as a perception in the mind. In reality, it is both objective and subjective, created when light interacts with the eyes and is interpreted by the brain.
Key Points:
1. Some view color as an objective property of objects or reflected light.
2. Others believe color exists only in the perception of the viewer.
3. Both perspectives are valid, as color combines physical and mental elements.
4. Color is formed through the interaction of light, the eyes, and the brain.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 22번: 소설 집필 시 과도한 세부정보보다 핵심 경험이 중요
When writing a novel, research for information needs to be done. The thing is that some kinds of fiction demand a higher level of detail: crime fiction, for example, or scientific thrillers. The information is never hard to find; one website for authors even organizes trips to police stations, so that crime writers can get it right. Often, a polite letter will earn you permission to visit a particular location and record all the details that you need. But remember that you will drive your readers to boredom if you think that you need to pack everything you discover into your work. The details that matter are those that reveal the human experience. The crucial thing is telling a story, finding the characters, the tension, and the conflict ― not the train timetable or the building blueprint.
Possible Titles:
1. Balancing Research and Storytelling in Novel Writing
2. The Role of Research in Crafting Authentic Fiction
3. How to Use Details Without Losing the Reader’s Interest
4. Focusing on Human Experience in Research-Heavy Fiction
Main Idea #1:
Research is essential for writing detailed fiction but should not overwhelm the story.
Main Idea #2:
While research enhances authenticity in fiction, especially in genres like crime or science thrillers, the key to engaging readers lies in focusing on human experience, characters, and conflict rather than excessive factual details.
Summary:
Detailed research is vital for authenticity in fiction, but overloading a story with facts can bore readers. Writers should focus on storytelling and human elements instead of emphasizing minor factual details.
Key Points:
1. Some genres require more detailed research, such as crime fiction or scientific thrillers.
2. Authors can access information through polite inquiries or organized visits.
3. Overloading a story with facts risks losing reader engagement.
4. The story's human aspects, like characters and conflict, are more important than excessive detail.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 23번: 구강 건강은 신체 건강과 밀접히 연관됨
Nearly everything has to go through your mouth to get to the rest of you, from food and air to bacteria and viruses. A healthy mouth can help your body get what it needs and prevent it from harm ― with adequate space for air to travel to your lungs, and healthy teeth and gums that prevent harmful microorganisms from entering your bloodstream. From the moment you are created, oral health affects every aspect of your life. What happens in the mouth is usually just the tip of the iceberg and a reflection of what is happening in other parts of the body. Poor oral health can be a cause of a disease that affects the entire body. The microorganisms in an unhealthy mouth can enter the bloodstream and travel anywhere in the body, posing serious health risks.
Possible Titles:
1. The Crucial Role of Oral Health in Overall Well-being
2. How Poor Oral Hygiene Impacts the Entire Body
3. Oral Health as a Gateway to Physical Health and Disease
4. Preventing Systemic Illness Through Healthy Teeth and Gums
Main Idea #1:
Oral health is essential for preventing harm and supporting overall body health.
Main Idea #2:
A healthy mouth ensures the body receives necessary nutrients and protects against harmful microorganisms, while poor oral health can lead to systemic diseases by allowing harmful bacteria to enter the bloodstream.
Summary:
Oral health is vital for overall health, as it supports essential functions and prevents harmful microorganisms from spreading. Poor oral hygiene can lead to systemic illnesses by allowing bacteria to enter the bloodstream and affect the entire body.
Key Points:
1. Oral health ensures proper air passage and nutrient intake.
2. Healthy teeth and gums prevent harmful microorganisms from entering the body.
3. Poor oral hygiene can reflect and cause systemic health issues.
4. Microorganisms from an unhealthy mouth can travel through the bloodstream, posing significant health risks.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 24번: 신경계는 변화에 민감하고 반복에는 쉽게 지루함
Kids tire of their toys, college students get sick of cafeteria food, and sooner or later most of us lose interest in our favorite TV shows. The bottom line is that we humans are easily bored. But why should this be true? The answer lies buried deep in our nerve cells, which are designed to reduce their initial excited response to stimuli each time they occur. At the same time, these neurons enhance their responses to things that change ― especially things that change quickly. We probably evolved this way because our ancestors got more survival value, for example, from attending to what was moving in a tree (such as a puma) than to the tree itself. Boredom in reaction to an unchanging environment turns down the level of neural excitation so that new stimuli (like our ancestor's hypothetical puma threat) stand out more. It's the neural equivalent of turning off a front door light to see the fireflies.
Possible Titles:
1. Understanding the Science Behind Human Boredom and Neural Responses
2. How Our Nerve Cells Influence Perception and Boredom
3. Evolutionary Advantages of Human Response to Change Over Stability
4. The Role of Neural Adaptation in Managing Stimuli and Attention
Main Idea #1:
Humans become bored due to nerve cells reducing their response to repetitive stimuli.
Main Idea #2:
The neural mechanism of boredom evolved to enhance survival by decreasing attention to unchanging environments and sharpening focus on new, potentially critical changes.
Summary:
Humans are naturally prone to boredom because nerve cells diminish their response to repeated stimuli while prioritizing changes in the environment. This neural adaptation likely developed as a survival mechanism, helping our ancestors notice potential threats. Boredom allows the brain to conserve energy and redirect attention to significant stimuli.
Key Points:
1. Humans easily lose interest in repetitive stimuli like toys or TV shows.
2. Neurons reduce responses to repeated stimuli while amplifying responses to new changes.
3. This neural adaptation likely evolved to prioritize survival threats, such as predators.
4. Boredom helps conserve neural energy and enhances focus on critical environmental shifts.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 25번: 2018~2022년 청정 에너지 투자 증가 분석
The above graph shows global energy investment in clean energy and in fossil fuels between 2018 and 2022. Since 2018 global energy investment in clean energy continued to rise, reaching its highest level in 2022. The investment gap between clean energy and fossil fuels in 2020 was larger than that in 2019. Investment in fossil fuels was highest in 2018 and lowest in 2020. In 2021, investment in clean energy exceeded 1,200 billion dollars, while investment in fossil fuels did not. In 2022, the global investment in clean energy was more than double that of fossil fuels.
Possible Titles:
1. Trends in Global Investment in Clean Energy and Fossil Fuels
2. A Five-Year Analysis of Global Energy Investments
3. Increasing Focus on Clean Energy Investment from 2018 to 2022
4. The Growing Disparity Between Clean Energy and Fossil Fuel Investments
Main Idea #1:
Global investment in clean energy consistently increased, reaching its peak in 2022.
Main Idea #2:
The gap between clean energy and fossil fuel investments widened significantly over time, with clean energy investments surpassing fossil fuels, especially in 2022 when clean energy investments were more than double.
Summary:
Global energy investment trends show a steady rise in clean energy funding from 2018 to 2022, reaching its highest level in 2022. Fossil fuel investments peaked in 2018 and dropped to their lowest in 2020. The investment gap between clean energy and fossil fuels widened over the years, with clean energy surpassing 1,200 billion dollars in 2021 and doubling fossil fuel investments by 2022.
Key Points:
1. Clean energy investment rose steadily, peaking in 2022.
2. Fossil fuel investment was highest in 2018 and lowest in 2020.
3. The gap between clean energy and fossil fuel investment widened from 2019 to 2020.
4. By 2022, clean energy investments were more than double those of fossil fuels.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 26번: Frederick Douglass의 노예제 폐지와 평등 활동
Frederick Douglass was born into slavery at a farm in Maryland. His full name at birth was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. He changed his name to Frederick Douglass after he successfully escaped from slavery in 1838. He became a leader of the Underground Railroad ― a network of people, places, and routes that helped enslaved people escape to the north. He assisted other runaway slaves until they could safely get to other areas in the north. As a slave, he had taught himself to read and write and he spread that knowledge to other slaves as well. Once free, he became a well-known abolitionist and strong believer in equality for all people including Blacks, Native Americans, women, and recent immigrants. He wrote several autobiographies describing his experiences as a slave. In addition to all this, he became the first African-American candidate for vice president of the United States.
Possible Titles:
1. Frederick Douglass: From Slave to Abolitionist Leader and Advocate
2. The Life and Legacy of Frederick Douglass in American History
3. A Pioneer for Equality: Frederick Douglass's Remarkable Achievements
4. Frederick Douglass and His Role in Abolishing Slavery and Promoting Justice
Main Idea #1:
Frederick Douglass escaped slavery and became a leader in the fight for freedom and equality.
Main Idea #2:
Frederick Douglass’s life journey included teaching himself and others to read, leading the Underground Railroad, advocating for equal rights for all people, and becoming a renowned abolitionist and political figure.
Summary:
Born into slavery, Frederick Douglass escaped in 1838 and became a prominent leader of the Underground Railroad and a well-known abolitionist. He advocated for equality for all people and wrote autobiographies about his experiences. He also became the first African-American vice-presidential candidate, leaving a lasting legacy in the fight for justice.
Key Points:
1. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in Maryland and escaped in 1838.
2. He became a leader of the Underground Railroad and helped runaway slaves.
3. He advocated for equality for all, including women and immigrants.
4. He wrote autobiographies about his life as a slave and was the first African-American vice-presidential candidate.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 29번: 뇌사 진단 기준의 엄격함이 신뢰와 의혹 모두 유발 가능
Some countries have proposed tougher guidelines for determining brain death when transplantation ― transferring organs to others ― is under consideration. In several European countries, there are legal requirements which specify that a whole team of doctors must agree over the diagnosis of death in the case of a potential donor. The reason for these strict regulations for diagnosing brain death in potential organ donors is, no doubt, to ease public fears of a premature diagnosis of brain death for the purpose of obtaining organs. But it is questionable whether these requirements reduce public suspicions as much as they create them. They certainly maintain mistaken beliefs that diagnosing brain death is an unreliable process lacking precision. As a matter of consistency, at least, criteria for diagnosing the deaths of organ donors should be exactly the same as for those for whom immediate burial or cremation is intended.
Possible Titles:
1. Balancing Public Trust and Accuracy in Brain Death Diagnosis
2. The Debate Over Brain Death Guidelines for Organ Donors
3. Challenges in Addressing Public Concerns About Brain Death Criteria
4. Should Brain Death Criteria Differ for Organ Donors and Non-Donors?
Main Idea #1:
Some countries enforce stricter guidelines for diagnosing brain death in potential organ donors to address public concerns.
Main Idea #2:
Stricter brain death regulations aim to alleviate public fears but may inadvertently heighten suspicions, underscoring the need for consistent diagnostic criteria for organ donors and non-donors alike.
Summary:
Stricter guidelines for diagnosing brain death in organ donors aim to address fears of premature diagnoses but may unintentionally increase public mistrust. These regulations suggest that diagnosing brain death is imprecise, reinforcing misconceptions. Consistent criteria for all cases of brain death, whether for organ donors or others, are essential to maintain trust.
Key Points:
1. Tougher brain death guidelines are implemented in some countries for potential organ donors.
2. Legal requirements in Europe include team agreement on brain death diagnosis.
3. Strict regulations may increase public doubts about the reliability of brain death diagnoses.
4. Uniform criteria for all brain death diagnoses can help ensure public trust and consistency.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 30번: 미니멀리즘은 불필요한 물건 제거로 삶의 명료함 제공
The term minimalism gives a negative impression to some people who think that it is all about sacrificing valuable possessions. This insecurity naturally stems from their attachment to their possessions. It is difficult to distance oneself from something that has been around for quite some time. Being an emotional animal, human beings give meaning to the things around them. So, the question arising here is that if minimalism will hurt one's emotions, why become a minimalist? The answer is very simple; the assumption of the question is fundamentally wrong. Minimalism does not hurt emotions. You might feel a bit sad while getting rid of a useless item but sooner than later, this feeling will be overcome by the joy of clarity. Minimalists never argue that you should leave every convenience of the modern era. They are of the view that you only need to eliminate stuff that is unused or not going to be used in the near future.
Possible Titles:
1. Understanding Minimalism: Separating Myths from Reality
2. Emotional Misconceptions and the True Benefits of Minimalism
3. Minimalism as a Path to Clarity Without Sacrifice
4. Dispelling Myths About Minimalism and Emotional Attachments
Main Idea #1:
Minimalism is often misunderstood as sacrificing valuable possessions, but this perception stems from emotional attachment to items.
Main Idea #2:
Minimalism promotes eliminating unnecessary items, not essential conveniences, and offers emotional clarity and joy rather than harm, challenging misconceptions about its impact on emotions.
Summary:
Minimalism is misunderstood by those attached to possessions, who see it as emotional sacrifice. In reality, minimalism encourages removing only unused items, providing clarity and joy over time. It focuses on keeping valuable necessities, not abandoning modern conveniences.
Key Points:
1. Minimalism is wrongly perceived as sacrificing meaningful possessions.
2. Emotional attachment to possessions creates resistance to minimalism.
3. Minimalism involves eliminating unused items, not essential conveniences.
4. The process ultimately leads to emotional clarity and joy, not harm.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 31번: 시각적 적응으로 새로운 환경에도 빠르게 적응 가능
A remarkable characteristic of the visual system is that it has the ability of adapting itself. Psychologist George M. Stratton made this clear in an impressive self-experiment. Stratton wore reversing glasses for several days, which literally turned the world upside down for him. In the beginning, this caused him great difficulties: just putting food in his mouth with a fork was a challenge for him. With time, however, his visual system adjusted to the new stimuli from reality, and he was able to act normally in his environment again, even seeing it upright when he concentrated. As he took off his reversing glasses, he was again confronted with problems: he used the wrong hand when he wanted to reach for something, for example. Fortunately, Stratton could reverse the perception, and he did not have to wear reversing glasses for the rest of his life. For him, everything returned to normal after one day.
Possible Titles:
1. The Adaptive Power of the Human Visual System
2. George M. Stratton’s Experiment on Visual Adaptation
3. Understanding Perceptual Adjustment Through Reversing Glasses
4. How the Visual System Adjusts to Altered Realities
Main Idea #1:
The human visual system can adapt to altered perceptions, as demonstrated by George M. Stratton's reversing glasses experiment.
Main Idea #2:
Stratton's self-experiment revealed the remarkable adaptability of the visual system, which adjusted to upside-down stimuli and reverted to normal functioning after the removal of reversing glasses.
Summary:
The visual system’s adaptability was demonstrated by George M. Stratton, who wore reversing glasses that flipped his perception upside down. Despite initial challenges, his visual system adapted, allowing him to function normally. After removing the glasses, he experienced temporary disorientation, but his perception returned to normal within a day.
Key Points:
1. Stratton wore reversing glasses that inverted his visual perception.
2. Initially, he faced significant difficulties in daily tasks.
3. Over time, his visual system adapted to the altered perception.
4. Removing the glasses caused temporary disorientation, but normal perception returned within a day.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 32번: 인터넷 사용이 지식 과대평가를 유발할 수 있음
Participants in a study were asked to answer questions like "Why does the moon have phases?" Half the participants were told to search for the answers on the internet, while the other half weren't allowed to do so. Then, in the second part of the study, all of the participants were presented with a new set of questions, such as "Why does Swiss cheese have holes?" These questions were unrelated to the ones asked during the first part of the study, so participants who used the internet had absolutely no advantage over those who hadn't. You would think that both sets of participants would be equally sure or unsure about how well they could answer the new questions. But those who used the internet in the first part of the study rated themselves as more knowledgeable than those who hadn't, even about questions they hadn't searched online for. The study suggests that having access to unrelated information was enough to pump up their intellectual confidence.
Possible Titles:
1. The Influence of Internet Use on Perceived Knowledge
2. How Access to Information Boosts Intellectual Confidence
3. The Psychological Impact of Searching Online for Answers
4. Unrelated Internet Searches and Their Effect on Self-Perceived Expertise
Main Idea #1:
Participants who used the internet for answers in a study felt more knowledgeable, even about unrelated questions.
Main Idea #2:
The study revealed that internet access during one task inflated participants' confidence in their overall knowledge, even for topics they hadn't researched, highlighting how access to information affects intellectual self-perception.
Summary:
A study found that participants using the internet to answer questions felt more confident in their knowledge, even on unrelated topics. This increased confidence came from access to information rather than actual learning, influencing their perception of expertise.
Key Points:
1. Participants were asked to answer questions, with some using the internet and others not.
2. Internet users rated themselves as more knowledgeable, even on unrelated topics.
3. Access to information increased intellectual confidence, regardless of its relevance.
4. The study highlights how internet use can influence self-perceived expertise.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 33번: 관점 변화로 세계 이해 방식을 다각화할 수 있음
Anthropologist Gregory Bateson suggests that we tend to understand the world by focusing in on particular features within it. Take platypuses. We might zoom in so closely to their fur that each hair appears different. We might also zoom out to the extent where it appears as a single, uniform object. We might take the platypus as an individual, or we might treat it as part of a larger unit such as a species or an ecosystem. It's possible to move between many of these perspectives, although we may need some additional tools and skills to zoom in on individual pieces of hair or zoom out to entire ecosystems. Crucially, however, we can only take up one perspective at a time. We can pay attention to the varied behavior of individual animals, look at what unites them into a single species, or look at them as part of bigger ecological patterns. Every possible perspective involves emphasizing certain aspects and ignoring others.
Possible Titles:
1. Gregory Bateson's Theory on Perspectives and Understanding the World
2. How Our Focus Shapes Perceptions of the Natural World
3. The Platypus as a Model for Perspective-Based Understanding
4. Exploring the Limits and Tools of Shifting Perspectives
Main Idea #1:
Gregory Bateson suggests that understanding the world depends on focusing on specific perspectives.
Main Idea #2:
Our perception of the world involves shifting between perspectives, emphasizing certain aspects while ignoring others, though only one perspective can be taken at a time.
Summary:
Gregory Bateson explains that we understand the world by focusing on specific perspectives, such as viewing a platypus as an individual, part of a species, or an ecosystem component. While tools and skills enable shifts between perspectives, each perspective highlights some aspects while ignoring others, and only one can be held at a time.
Key Points:
1. Understanding depends on focusing on specific features or perspectives.
2. Perspectives can range from individual details to larger systems, like species or ecosystems.
3. Shifting perspectives requires tools and skills but emphasizes certain aspects over others.
4. Only one perspective can be taken at a time, shaping our understanding of the world.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 34번: 플라톤은 이상적 '형상' 개념으로 현실을 설명함
Plato's realism includes all aspects of experience but is most easily explained by considering the nature of mathematical and geometrical objects such as circles. He asked the question, what is a circle? You might indicate a particular example carved into stone or drawn in the sand. However, Plato would point out that, if you looked closely enough, you would see that neither it, nor indeed any physical circle, was perfect. They all possessed flaws, and all were subject to change and decayed with time. So how can we talk about perfect circles if we cannot actually see or touch them? Plato's extraordinary answer was that the world we see is a poor reflection of a deeper unseen reality of Forms, or universals, where perfect cats chase perfect mice in perfect circles around perfect rocks. Plato believed that the Forms or universals are the true reality that exists in an invisible but perfect world beyond our senses.
Possible Titles:
1. Plato’s Theory of Forms: Understanding Perfection Beyond the Physical
2. Exploring the Invisible Reality of Plato’s Universals
3. The Nature of Perfection in Plato’s Philosophical Realism
4. How Plato Explained Imperfect Reality Through Perfect Forms
Main Idea #1:
Plato believed that physical objects are imperfect reflections of perfect, unseen universals or Forms.
Main Idea #2:
Through examples like imperfect physical circles, Plato illustrated his belief in a deeper reality of perfect Forms, an invisible but ideal world beyond human senses, where true perfection exists.
Summary:
Plato argued that physical objects, like circles, are flawed and impermanent representations of perfect Forms or universals. These Forms exist in a separate, unseen reality, which he considered the true, unchanging essence of all things.
Key Points:
1. Plato’s realism includes imperfect physical objects and perfect Forms.
2. He used mathematical objects, such as circles, to illustrate his theory.
3. The physical world is a reflection of an unseen, perfect reality.
4. Forms or universals exist in an invisible, ideal realm beyond sensory experience.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 35번: 데이터 확장이 정확성보다 유용성을 강화함
In statistics, the law of large numbers describes a situation where having more data is better for making predictions. According to it, the more often an experiment is conducted, the closer the average of the results can be expected to match the true state of the world. For instance, on your first encounter with the game of roulette, you may have beginner's luck after betting on 7. But the more often you repeat this bet, the closer the relative frequency of wins and losses is expected to approach the true chance of winning, meaning that your luck will at some point fade away. Similarly, car insurers collect large amounts of data to figure out the chances that drivers will cause accidents, depending on their age, region, or car brand. Both casinos and insurance industries rely on the law of large numbers to balance individual losses.
Possible Titles:
1. Understanding the Law of Large Numbers in Predictions and Risk Management
2. How Casinos and Insurers Use the Law of Large Numbers
3. The Predictive Power of Large Data Sets in Statistics
4. From Roulette to Insurance: Applications of the Law of Large Numbers
Main Idea #1:
The law of large numbers states that more data improves the accuracy of predictions by aligning averages with true probabilities.
Main Idea #2:
The law of large numbers explains how repeated experiments lead to results that reflect true probabilities, influencing industries like casinos and insurance to predict outcomes and manage risks effectively.
Summary:
The law of large numbers shows that as the number of trials increases, the results align more closely with true probabilities, as seen in roulette outcomes and insurance risk calculations. Both casinos and insurers rely on this principle to balance individual losses and predict outcomes with accuracy.
Key Points:
1. The law of large numbers links more data to better prediction accuracy.
2. Repeated experiments approach the true probabilities of outcomes.
3. Casinos use it to ensure profits over time despite individual wins.
4. Insurers rely on large data sets to predict accident risks and set policies.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 36번: 청소년기 감정 의사결정은 전두엽 미성숙과 연관됨
The adolescent brain is not fully developed until its early twenties. This means the way the adolescents' decision-making circuits integrate and process information may put them at a disadvantage. One of their brain regions that matures later is the prefrontal cortex, which is the control center, tasked with thinking ahead and evaluating consequences. It is the area of the brain responsible for preventing you from sending off an initial angry text and modifying it with kinder words. On the other hand, the limbic system matures earlier, playing a central role in processing emotional responses. Because of its earlier development, it is more likely to influence decision-making. Decision-making in the adolescent brain is led by emotional factors more than the perception of consequences. Due to these differences, there is an imbalance between feeling-based decision-making ruled by the more mature limbic system and logical-based decision-making by the not-yet-mature prefrontal cortex. This may explain why some teens are more likely to make bad decisions.
Possible Titles:
1. Understanding Adolescent Decision-Making and Brain Development
2. The Role of Brain Maturity in Teen Decision-Making
3. How Emotional and Logical Imbalances Shape Adolescent Choices
4. Why Adolescents Are More Prone to Impulsive Decisions
Main Idea #1:
Adolescents' decision-making is influenced by the underdeveloped prefrontal cortex and the more developed limbic system.
Main Idea #2:
The adolescent brain's imbalance between the emotional limbic system and the logical prefrontal cortex leads to decision-making driven more by emotions than by evaluating consequences.
Summary:
Adolescents are more likely to make emotional decisions because their limbic system develops earlier than their prefrontal cortex, which governs logic and consequence evaluation. This developmental imbalance explains their tendency toward impulsive and risky choices.
Key Points:
1. The adolescent brain is not fully developed until the early twenties.
2. The prefrontal cortex, responsible for logic and evaluating consequences, matures later.
3. The limbic system, governing emotional responses, develops earlier and strongly influences decisions.
4. The imbalance between emotional and logical decision-making explains impulsive choices in teens.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 37번: 얼굴 인식 기술의 정확성을 높이기 위한 연구 필요
Despite the remarkable progress in deep-learning based facial recognition approaches in recent years, in terms of identification performance, they still have limitations. These limitations relate to the database used in the learning stage. If the selected database does not contain enough instances, the result may be systematically affected. For example, the performance of a facial biometric system may decrease if the person to be identified was enrolled over 10 years ago. The factor to consider is that this person may experience changes in the texture of the face, particularly with the appearance of wrinkles and sagging skin. These changes may be highlighted by weight gain or loss. To counteract this problem, researchers have developed models for face aging or digital de-aging. It is used to compensate for the differences in facial characteristics, which appear over a given time period.
Possible Titles:
1. Challenges and Solutions in Facial Recognition Over Time
2. Addressing Aging Effects in Deep-Learning Facial Recognition Systems
3. The Role of Face Aging Models in Biometric Accuracy
4. How Facial Changes Impact Deep-Learning Recognition Systems
Main Idea #1:
Facial recognition systems face limitations due to insufficient database diversity and facial changes over time.
Main Idea #2:
Deep-learning facial recognition systems struggle with identifying individuals after significant time due to aging-related changes, prompting researchers to develop face aging and de-aging models to improve accuracy.
Summary:
Deep-learning facial recognition systems face challenges when individuals’ facial features change over time due to aging or weight fluctuations. Insufficient database diversity compounds this issue. Researchers use face aging and de-aging models to address these limitations and improve identification accuracy.
Key Points:
1. Facial recognition performance depends on the diversity of the training database.
2. Aging-related changes, like wrinkles or sagging skin, impact system accuracy.
3. Weight changes can further alter facial characteristics and reduce performance.
4. Face aging and de-aging models help mitigate these challenges over time.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 38번: 농작물 다양성 감소가 식량 체계 취약성을 증가시킴
The decline in the diversity of our food is an entirely human-made process. The biggest loss of crop diversity came in the decades that followed the Second World War. In an attempt to save millions from extreme hunger, crop scientists found ways to produce grains such as rice and wheat on an enormous scale. And thousands of traditional varieties were replaced by a small number of new super-productive ones. The strategy worked spectacularly well, at least to begin with. Because of it, grain production tripled, and between 1970 and 2020 the human population more than doubled. Leaving the contribution of that strategy to one side, the danger of creating more uniform crops is that they are more at risk when it comes to disasters. Specifically, a global food system that depends on just a narrow selection of plants has a greater chance of not being able to survive diseases, pests and climate extremes.
Possible Titles:
1. The Impact of Uniform Crops on Global Food Security
2. How Post-War Agriculture Reduced Crop Diversity Worldwide
3. Balancing Productivity and Resilience in Crop Diversity Loss
4. The Risks of Uniformity in Modern Agriculture
Main Idea #1:
The decline in crop diversity resulted from replacing traditional varieties with super-productive crops after World War II.
Main Idea #2:
While the introduction of high-yield crops initially alleviated hunger and boosted grain production, the loss of diversity has made global agriculture more vulnerable to diseases, pests, and climate extremes.
Summary:
The decline in crop diversity began after World War II, when super-productive crops replaced traditional varieties to combat hunger. Although this increased grain production and supported population growth, it also made the global food system more susceptible to disasters like diseases and climate extremes.
Key Points:
1. Crop diversity declined sharply after World War II due to the adoption of high-yield varieties.
2. Traditional crop varieties were replaced by fewer, more productive ones.
3. Grain production tripled, supporting rapid population growth.
4. Reduced crop diversity increases vulnerability to diseases, pests, and climate challenges.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 39번: 쿠바 야구팀의 전통 유니폼 변경이 팀 쇠퇴와 연관
Between 1940 and 2000, Cuba ruled the world baseball scene. They won 25 of the first 28 World Cups and 3 of 5 Olympic Games. The Cubans were known for wearing uniforms covered in red from head to toe, a strong contrast to the more conservative North American style featuring grey or white pants. Not only were their athletic talents superior, the Cubans appeared even stronger from just the colour of their uniforms. A game would not even start and the opposing team would already be scared. A few years ago, Cuba altered that uniform style, modernizing it and perhaps conforming to other countries' style; interestingly, the national team has declined since that time. The country that ruled international baseball for decades has not been on top since that uniform change. Traditions are important for a team; while a team brand or image can adjust to keep up with present times, if it abandons or neglects its roots, negative effects can surface.
Possible Titles:
1. The Rise and Fall of Cuba's Dominance in Baseball
2. How Tradition and Uniforms Shaped Cuban Baseball Success
3. The Psychological Impact of Cuba’s Iconic Baseball Uniforms
4. Cuba’s Baseball Decline and the Importance of Team Traditions
Main Idea #1:
Cuba dominated international baseball for decades, partly due to their superior skills and intimidating uniforms.
Main Idea #2:
Cuba's switch to modernized uniforms marked the beginning of a decline in its baseball dominance, emphasizing the importance of maintaining team traditions and identity.
Summary:
Between 1940 and 2000, Cuba dominated baseball, winning numerous World Cups and Olympic titles, with their red uniforms playing a psychological role. After adopting modernized uniforms, their dominance declined, highlighting the potential impact of losing team traditions.
Key Points:
1. Cuba ruled international baseball from 1940 to 2000, winning 25 World Cups and 3 Olympic titles.
2. Their all-red uniforms intimidated opponents, enhancing their psychological advantage.
3. Modernizing their uniforms coincided with a decline in their baseball success.
4. The importance of maintaining traditions and team identity is underscored by this decline.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 40번: 문화 전파는 유전적 전파보다 복잡한 요소 포함
Many of the first models of cultural evolution drew noticeable connections between culture and genes by using concepts from theoretical population genetics and applying them to culture. Cultural patterns of transmission, innovation, and selection are conceptually likened to genetic processes of transmission, mutation, and selection. However, these approaches had to be modified to account for the differences between genetic and cultural transmission. For example, we do not expect the cultural transmission to follow the rules of genetic transmission strictly. If two biological parents have different forms of a cultural trait, their child is not necessarily equally likely to acquire the mother's or father's form of that trait. Further, a child can acquire cultural traits not only from its parents but also from nonparental adults and peers; thus, the frequency of a cultural trait in the population is relevant beyond just the probability that an individual's parents had that trait. -> Early cultural evolution models used the similarity between culture and genes but had to be revised since cultural transmission allows for more diverse factors than genetic transmission.
Possible Titles:
1. Revisiting Early Models of Cultural Evolution and Transmission
2. Understanding the Differences Between Cultural and Genetic Transmission
3. How Cultural Traits Evolve Beyond Genetic Analogies
4. Modifications in Cultural Evolution Models to Reflect Human Complexity
Main Idea #1:
Early cultural evolution models drew parallels with genetic processes but required adjustments to reflect cultural transmission's unique characteristics.
Main Idea #2:
Unlike genetic transmission, cultural transmission involves diverse influences beyond parental traits, including peers and societal trends, requiring models to account for these broader factors.
Summary:
Early cultural evolution models likened cultural processes to genetic ones but were revised to address differences. Cultural transmission differs from genetic transmission as traits can be acquired from peers and society, not just parents, making population-level frequency critical.
Key Points:
1. Early models of cultural evolution were inspired by population genetics.
2. Cultural traits were initially compared to genetic processes like transmission and mutation.
3. Cultural transmission differs, allowing traits to be acquired from peers and nonparental influences.
4. Models were revised to account for societal and population-level influences on cultural traits.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 41~42번: 협력적 행동이 그룹 내 시너지 효과를 생성
A ball thrown into the air is acted upon by the initial force given it, persisting as inertia of movement and tending to carry it in the same straight line, and by the constant pull of gravity downward, as well as by the resistance of the air. It moves, accordingly, in a curved path. Now the path does not represent the working of any particular force; there is simply the combination of the three elementary forces mentioned; but in a real sense, there is something in the total action besides the isolated action of three forces, namely, their joint action. In the same way, when two or more human individuals are together, their mutual relationships and their arrangement into a group are things which would not be revealed if we confined our attention to each individual separately. The significance of group behavior is greatly increased in the case of human beings by the fact that some of the tendencies to action of the individual are related definitely to other persons, and could not be aroused except by other persons acting as stimuli. An individual in complete isolation would not reveal their competitive tendencies, their tendencies towards the opposite sex, their protective tendencies towards children. This shows that the traits of human nature do not fully appear until the individual is brought into relationships with other individuals.
Possible Titles:
1. Understanding Human Behavior Through Group Dynamics and Relationships
2. How Individual Traits Emerge in Social Contexts
3. The Influence of Social Interactions on Human Behavior
4. Group Dynamics as a Key to Revealing Human Nature
Main Idea #1:
Human behavior cannot be fully understood in isolation, as social interactions reveal traits and tendencies unique to relationships.
Main Idea #2:
Just as a ball’s curved path arises from the combined forces acting on it, human behavior emerges from the interplay of social interactions, which stimulate tendencies such as competitiveness, attraction, and protectiveness, not evident in isolation.
Summary:
Human behavior develops through interactions, as certain tendencies like competition or protectiveness are only triggered by social relationships. Like a ball's curved trajectory resulting from combined forces, individual traits are shaped and revealed in group dynamics.
Key Points:
1. Individual behavior is influenced by relationships and group dynamics.
2. Certain tendencies, like competitiveness or attraction, only arise in social contexts.
3. Human nature is incomplete in isolation, requiring interactions to fully emerge.
4. Group behavior reveals traits that would remain hidden in solitary individuals.
[고1] 2023 11월 – 43~45번: 다툰 형제가 목수의 도움으로 화해와 관계 회복
There once lived a man in a village who was not happy with his life. He was always troubled by one problem or another. One day, a saint with his guards stopped by his village. Many people heard the news and started going to him with their problems. The man also decided to visit the saint. Even after reaching the saint's place in the morning, he didn't get the opportunity to meet him till evening. When the man got to meet the saint, he confessed that he was very unhappy with life because problems always surrounded him, like workplace tension or worries about his health. He said, "Please give me a solution so that all the problems in my life will end and I can live peacefully." The saint smiled and said that he would answer the request the next day. But the saint also asked if the man could do a small job for him. He told the man to take care of a hundred camels in his group that night, saying "When all hundred camels sit down, you can go to sleep." The man agreed. The next morning when the saint met that man, he asked if the man had slept well. Tired and sad, the man replied that he couldn't sleep even for a moment. In fact, the man tried very hard but couldn't make all the camels sit at the same time because every time he made one camel sit, another would stand up. The saint told him, "You realized that no matter how hard you try, you can't make all the camels sit down. If one problem is solved, for some reason, another will arise like the camels did. So, humans should enjoy life despite these problems."
Possible Titles:
1. Life Lessons from the Saint and the Hundred Camels
2. Accepting Life’s Challenges to Find Peace and Happiness
3. The Wisdom of Embracing Problems in Daily Life
4. Why Problems Are Like Camels That Never Fully Rest
Main Idea #1:
A man learns from a saint that life’s problems are constant, and peace comes from accepting and living with them.
Main Idea #2:
Through the metaphor of camels that never all sit at once, the saint teaches that trying to eliminate all problems is futile and that happiness lies in enjoying life despite ongoing challenges.
Summary:
A man, troubled by constant problems, seeks a saint’s advice. The saint uses a task with camels to show that problems, like camels, will never fully disappear. The lesson is to live peacefully by accepting and enjoying life amid challenges.
Key Points:
1. A man visits a saint to find a solution to his endless problems.
2. The saint gives the man a task to manage a hundred camels for the night.
3. The man realizes it’s impossible to make all the camels sit at once.
4. The saint explains that problems are constant and peace comes from acceptance and enjoying life.
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