[고3] 2024년 11월 수능 - 한줄해석 (좌지문 우해석)

 

 

 

안녕하세요, Flow 영어연구소입니다.

 

오늘은 <2024년도 11월 고3 수능 영어>의 한줄해석(좌지문 우해석) 자료 올립니다.
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감사합니다~~♡

 

 

 

 

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[고3] 2024년 11월 수능 - 한줄해석

[고3] 2024년 11월 수능 - 지문 요약 by ChatGPT-4o

 

 

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[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 18번: Rosydale City Marathon이 악천후로 인해 취소된다는 공지
① Dear Rosydale City Marathon Racers,	Rosydale City Marathon 대회 참가자 여러분께,
② We are really grateful to all of you who have signed up for the 10th Rosydale City Marathon that was scheduled for this coming Saturday at 10 a.m.	이번 토요일 오전 10시로 예정되었던 제10회Rosydale City Marathon 대회에 등록해 주신 모든 분께 진심으로 감사드립니다.
③ Unfortunately, as you may already know, the weather forecast says that there is going to be a downpour throughout the race day.	안타깝게도, 이미 알고 계실 수도 있지만, 일기 예보에 따르면 마라톤 대회 당일 내내 폭우가 쏟아질것이라 합니다.
④ We truly hoped that the race would go smoothly.	저희는 대회가 순조롭게 진행되기를 진심으로 바랐습니다.
⑤ However, it is likely that the heavy rain will make the roads too slippery and dangerous for the racers to run safely.	하지만 폭우로 인해 대회 참가자들이 안전하게 달리기에는 도로가 너무 미끄럽고 위험해질 것 같습니다.
⑥ As a result, we have decided to cancel the race.	그래서 저희는 대회를 취소하기로 했습니다.
⑦ We hope you understand and we promise to hold another race in the near future.	여러분의 양해를 부탁드리면서 가까운 미래에 다른대회를 개최할 것을 약속드립니다.
⑧ Sincerely, Martha Kingsley Race Manager	대회 책임자 Martha Kingsley 드림

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 19번: 발렌타인데이 이벤트 계획이 실패한 Peter의 실망
① It was Valentine's Day on Friday and Peter was certain that his wife, Amy, was going to love his surprise.	금요일은 밸런타인데이였고 Peter는 아내 Amy가자신의 뜻밖의 선물을 정말 좋아할 것이라고 확신했다.
② Peter had spent a long time searching online for an event that would be a new way to spend time with Amy.	Peter는 Amy와 시간을 보내는 새로운 방식이 될이벤트를 온라인에서 찾느라 오랜 시간을 보냈다.
③ He had finally found the perfect thing for her.	그는 마침내 그녀에게 꼭 맞는 것을 찾아냈다.
④ She often told him that she liked to go to places she had never visited before, and he was absolutely sure that she would love going to the new, five-star restaurant downtown.	그녀는 전에 전혀 가 본 적이 없는 곳에 가보고 싶다고 그에게 자주 말했고, 그는 그녀가 시내에 새로생긴 5성급 레스토랑에 가면 정말 좋아할 것이라고전적으로 확신했다.
⑤ He smiled as he called the restaurant and asked for a reservation for Friday.	그는 그 레스토랑에 전화를 걸어 금요일의 예약을요청하며 미소를 지었다.
⑥ Unfortunately, his smile quickly disappeared when he was told that the restaurant was fully reserved.	안타깝게도, 그가 그 레스토랑의 예약이 꽉 찼다는말을 들었을 때 그의 미소는 곧 사라졌다.
⑦ That's too bad, he said quietly.	그는 "너무 안타깝네요."라고 조용히 말했다.
⑧ I thought that I had found the right place.	저는 딱 맞는 장소를 찾아냈다고 생각했거든요.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 20번: 학습에 도움을 줄 수 있는 게임 개발의 필요성 제안
① We almost universally accept that playing video games is at best a pleasant break from a student's learning and more often what prevents a student from accomplishing their goals.	우리는 거의 보편적으로 비디오 게임을 하는 것이기껏해야 학생이 학습에서 잠시 벗어나는 즐거운휴식이고, 더 흔히는 학생이 목표를 이루는 것을 방해하는 것이라 받아들인다.
② Games catch and hold attention in a way that few things can.	게임은 다른 어떤 것도 거의 할 수 없는 방식으로주의를 사로잡고 계속해서 유지한다.
③ And yet once they have our focus, they rarely seem to offer anything meaningful to help students grow in their lives outside the games.	하지만 일단 그것이 우리의 집중을 얻고 나면, 그것은 게임 이외의 삶에서 학생들이 성장하는 데 도움이 되는 의미 있는 무언가를 제공하는 경우는 거의없는 것 같다.
④ While this may be true for many games, we are too easily ignoring a valuable tool that could be used to enhance productivity instead of derailing it.	많은 게임에 대해 이것이 사실일 수도 있지만, 우리는 생산성을 저해하는 대신 생산성을 향상하는 데사용될 수도 있는 가치 있는 도구를 너무 쉽게 무시하고 있다.
⑤ Rather, it is desirable that we develop games that connect to the learning outcomes we want for our students.	오히려, 우리가 학생들에게 원하는 학습 성과와 연결되는 게임을 개발하는 것이 바람직하다.
⑥ This will enable educators to take advantage of games' attention commanding capacities and allow our students to enjoy their games while learning.	이를 통해 교육자들은 게임의 주의력 지배 능력을활용할 수 있게 되고, 우리 학생들은 학습하면서 게임을 즐길 수 있게 될 것이다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 21번: 건축가가 학문적 지식을 통해 권위를 얻어야 하는 이유
① The position of the architect rose during the Roman Empire, as architecture symbolically became a particularly important political statement.	건축가의 지위는 로마 제국 시대에 상승했는데, 이는 건축이 상징적으로 특히 중요한 정치적 성명이되었기 때문이다.
② Cicero classed the architect with the physician and the teacher and Vitruvius spoke of "so great a profession as this."	Cicero는 건축가를 의사와 교사와 같은 부류에 넣었으며, Vitruvius는 '이토록 위대한 직업'에 대해말했다.
③ Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, a practicing architect during the rule of Augustus Caesar, recognized that architecture requires both practical and theoretical knowledge, and he listed the disciplines he felt the aspiring architect should master: literature and writing, draftsmanship, mathematics, history, philosophy, music, medicine, law, and astronomy ― a curriculum that still has much to recommend it.	Augustus Caesar 통치 시기에 활동하던 건축가인Marcus Vitruvius Pollio는 건축이 실용적 지식과이론적 지식을 모두 필요로 한다는 점을 인정했으며, 그는 장차 건축가가 되려는 자가 숙달해야 한다고 생각한 학문 분야를 나열했는데, 이는 문학과 작문, 제도, 수학, 역사, 철학, 음악, 의학, 법, 그리고천문학이었고, 이것은 여전히 많은 추천을 받는 교육과정이다.
④ All of this study was necessary, he argued, because architects who have aimed at acquiring manual skill without scholarship have never been able to reach a position of authority to correspond to their plans, while those who have relied only upon theories and scholarship were obviously "hunting the shadow, not the substance."	그는 이 모든 학문이 필요하다고 주장했는데, 그 이유는 학문 없이 손기술을 습득하려 한 건축가는 결코 자신의 계획에 상응하는 권위 있는 지위에 도달할 수 없었던 반면, 오로지 이론과 학문에만 의존한건축가는 분명히 '실체가 아닌 그림자를 쫓고 있었기' 때문이다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 22번: 감정 이해 능력이 그룹 내에서 긍정적 상호작용을 촉진함
① The ability to understand emotions ― to have a diverse emotion vocabulary and to understand the causes and consequences of emotion ― is particularly relevant in group settings.	감정을 이해하는 능력, 즉 다양한 감정 어휘를 가지고 있고 감정의 원인과 결과를 이해하는 능력은 특히 집단 환경에서 중요하다.
② Individuals who are skilled in this domain are able to express emotions, feelings and moods accurately and thus, may facilitate clear communication between co-workers.	이 분야에 능숙한 사람들은 감정, 느낌, 그리고 기분을 정확하게 표현할 수 있으므로, 동료들 간의 명확한 의사소통을 촉진할 수 있다.
③ Furthermore, they may be more likely to act in ways that accommodate their own needs as well as the needs of others (i.e. cooperate).	더욱이, 그들은 자신의 필요뿐만 아니라 타인의 필요도 수용하는 방식으로 행동(즉, 협력)할 가능성이 더 높을 수도 있다.
④ In a group conflict situation, for example, a member with a strong ability to understand emotion will be able to express how he feels about the problem and why he feels this way.	예를 들어, 집단 갈등 상황에서 감정을 이해하는 강력한 능력을 지닌 구성원은 문제에 대해 자신이 어떻게 느끼는지 그리고 왜 그렇게 느끼는지를 표현할 수 있을 것이다.
⑤ He also should be able to take the perspective of the other group members and understand why they are reacting in a certain manner.	또한 그는 다른 집단 구성원들의 관점을 취하여 그들이 왜 특정한 방식으로 반응하는지 이해할 수 있을 것이다.
⑥ Appreciation of differences creates an arena for open communication and promotes constructive conflict resolution and improved group functioning.	다름에 대한 이해는 열린 의사소통을 위한 장을 만들고 건설적인 갈등 해결과 집단 기능 향상을 촉진한다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 23번: 산업화가 시간, 노동, 자본의 관계를 변화시킨 방식 설명
① The arrival of the Industrial Age changed the relationship among time, labor, and capital.	산업 시대의 도래는 시간, 노동, 자본 사이의 관계를 변화시켰다.
② Factories could produce around the clock, and they could do so with greater speed and volume than ever before.	공장은 24시간 내내 생산할 수 있었고, 이전 어느때보다 더 빠른 속도와 더 많은 양으로 그렇게 할수 있었다.
③ A machine that runs twelve hours a day will produce more widgets than one that runs for only eight hours per day ― and a machine that runs twenty-four hours per day will produce the most widgets of all.	하루 12시간 가동되는 기계는 하루 8시간만 가동되는 기계보다 더 많은 제품을 생산할 것이고, 하루24시간 가동되는 기계는 모든 기계 중 가장 많은제품을 생산할 것이다.
④ As such, at many factories, the workday is divided into eight-hour shifts, so that there will always be people on hand to keep the widget machines humming.	따라서 많은 공장에서 작업일은 8시간 근무 교대로나누어져서, 제품(생산) 기계가 쉬지 않고 돌아가도록 언제나 인력이 배치되어 있을 것이다.
⑤ Industrialization raised the potential value of every single work hour ― the more hours you worked, the more widgets you produced, and the more money you made ― and thus wages became tied to effort and production.	산업화는 모든 개별 근무 시간의 잠재적 가치를 높였는데, 더 많은 시간을 일했을수록, 더 많은 제품을 생산했고, 더 많은 돈을 벌었으며, 이로써 임금은 노력과 생산량에 연계되었다.
⑥ Labor, previously guided by harvest cycles, became clock-oriented, and society started to reorganize around new principles of productivity.	이전에는 수확 주기를 따르던 노동이 시계 중심이되었고, 사회는 새로운 생산성의 원칙을 중심으로재조직되기 시작했다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 24번: 셀피가 자아 표현의 역사적 연장선에 있음을 논의
① The selfie resonates not because it is new, but because it expresses, develops, expands, and intensifies the long history of the self-portrait.	셀피가 공명하는 이유는 그것이 새롭기 때문이 아니라, 자화상의 오랜 역사를 표현하고 발전시키며확장하고 강화하기 때문이다.
② The self-portrait showed to others the status of the person depicted.	자화상은 그려진 사람의 지위를 다른 사람들에게보여 주었다.
③ In this sense, what we have come to call our own "image" ― the interface of the way we think we look and the way others see us ― is the first and fundamental object of global visual culture.	이런 의미에서, 우리가 자신의 '이미지', 즉 우리가생각하는 우리의 모습과 다른 사람들이 우리를 보는 방식의 접점이라고 부르게 된 것은 세계적 시각문화의 첫 번째이자 근본적인 대상이다.
④ The selfie depicts the drama of our own daily performance of ourselves in tension with our inner emotions that may or may not be expressed as we wish.	셀피는 우리가 바라는 대로 표현될 수도 있고 그렇지 않을 수도 있는 우리의 내면적 감정과 긴장 관계에 있는, 우리 자신의 일상적 수행의 드라마를 그린다.
⑤ At each stage of the self-portrait's expansion, more and more people have been able to depict themselves.	자화상 확장의 각 단계에서 점점 더 많은 사람이 자신을 그릴 수 있게 되었다.
⑥ Today's young, urban, networked majority has reworked the history of the self-portrait to make the selfie into the first visual signature of the new era.	오늘날의 젊고, 도시에 살며, 네트워크로 연결된 다수는 셀피를 새로운 시대의 첫 번째 시각적 특징으로 만들기 위해 자화상의 역사를 다시 만들었다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 25번: 2020~2022년 미국 영화에서 여성 제작자 비율의 변화
① The graph above shows the percentages of women employed behind the scenes on the top 100 U.S. films by role in 2020, 2021, and 2022.	위 그래프는 2020년, 2021년, 그리고 2022년에미국 상위 100개 영화의 제작 현장에 고용된 여성의 비율을 역할별로 보여 준다.
② For each of the three years, the percentage of women employed as producers on the top 100 U.S. films was the highest as compared with the percentages of each of the other three roles.	세 개 연도 각각에서, 상위 100개 미국 영화의 제작자로 고용된 여성의 비율이 다른 세 가지 역할 각각의 비율과 비교하여 가장 높았다.
③ The percentage of women employed as directors on the top 100 U.S. films in 2021 was lower than in 2020 but higher than in 2022.	2021년에 상위 100개 미국 영화에서 감독으로 고용된 여성의 비율은, 2020년보다는 더 낮았지만2022년보다는 더 높았다.
④ The percentage of women employed as writers on the top 100 U.S. films increased by 4 percentage points from 2020 to 2021 and by 1 percentage point from 2021 to 2022.	상위 100개 미국 영화에서 작가로 고용된 여성의비율은 2020년에서 2021년까지는 4퍼센트포인트가 증가했고, 2021년에서 2022년까지는 1퍼센트포인트가 증가했다.
⑤ The percentage of women employed as editors on the top 100 U.S. films was less than 20% in each of the three years.	상위 100개 미국 영화에서 편집자로 고용된 여성의비율은 세 개 연도에서 각각 20%보다 더 낮았다.
⑥ In 2022, the percentage of women employed as producers on the top 100 U.S. films was the same as that in 2020.	2022년에 상위 100개 미국 영화에서 제작자로 고용된 여성의 비율은 2020년의 비율과 같았다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 26번: 미국 스포츠 방송인 Dick Enberg의 경력과 업적 설명
① Dick Enberg was one of America's most beloved sports broadcasters.	Dick Enberg는 미국의 가장 사랑받는 스포츠 방송인 중 한 명이었다.
② He was born in Michigan in 1935.	그는 1935년에 Michigan에서 태어났다.
③ In the early 1960s, he became an assistant professor at San Fernando Valley State College, where he also served as a coach of its baseball team.	1960년대 초에, 그는 San Fernando Valley 주립대학의 조교수가 되었으며, 그곳에서 그는 그 대학의 야구팀 코치로도 활동했다.
④ Afterwards, he began a full-time sportscasting career in Los Angeles.	후에 그는 Los Angeles에서 전업 스포츠 방송 일을시작했다.
⑤ In 1973, he became the first U.S. sportscaster ever to visit China.	1973년에 그는 역사상 중국을 방문한 최초의 미국스포츠 방송 진행자가 되었다.
⑥ He joined NBC Sports in 1975 and remained with the network for about 25 years, covering such big events as the Olympics.	그는 1975년에 NBC Sports에 합류하여 그 방송국에 약 25년간 남아 있었고, 올림픽과 같은 대규모행사를 보도했다.
⑦ He later worked for other major sports broadcasting stations.	그는 후에 다른 주요 스포츠 방송국에서 일했다.
⑧ He made his last live broadcast in 2016 and died the following year at the age of 82.	그는 2016년에 자신의 마지막 생방송을 했고 그 다음 해에 82세의 나이로 사망했다.
⑨ He served as Chairman of the American Sportscaster Association for more than three decades.	그는 30년 넘게 American Sportscaster Association의 회장직을 역임했다.
⑩ Enberg was also a best-selling writer and won Emmy Awards as a sportscaster, a writer, and a producer.	Enberg는 또한 베스트셀러 작가였으며, 스포츠 방송 진행자, 작가, 그리고 제작자로 Emmy Awards를 수상했다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 29번: 자동화된 신체 움직임이 뇌의 자원을 절약하는 방식
① Think of yourself.	자신을 생각해 보라.
② When you decide to get up and get a drink of water, for example, you don't consciously organize or consider the host of steps involved.	예를 들어, 여러분은 일어서서 물을 마시기로 결정할 때, 그와 관련된 많은 단계를 의식적으로 조직하거나 고려하지 않는다.
③ Imagine if we had to consider every single muscle that needed to be contracted or relaxed just to stand up and walk.	우리가 단지 일어서서 걸으려면 수축되거나 이완되어야 하는 모든 하나하나의 근육을 고려해야 하는경우를 상상해 보라.
④ It would be tiresome and very slow ― as patients recovering from a brain injury affecting the motor system know.	그것은 성가시고 아주 느릴 것인데, 운동계에 영향을 미치는 뇌 손상에서 회복 중인 환자들이 알고 있는 것처럼 말이다.
⑤ The autopilot parts of our brain do it for us automatically, freeing up our conscious mind for more important jobs.	우리 뇌의 자동 조종 부위가 우리를 위해 자동으로그것을 해서, 더 중요한 일을 위해 우리의 의식적마음을 확보해 준다.
⑥ It is the older parts of our brain that support these automatic processes that allow us to move, hear, see, and use many of our social skills.	우리가 움직이고, 듣고, 보고, 우리의 많은 사회적기술을 사용할 수 있게 해주는 이러한 자동적 과정을 지원하는 것은 우리 뇌의 오래된 부위들이다.
⑦ More recently evolved abilities like talking, reading, and writing are far less automated.	말하기, 읽기, 쓰기와 같은 더 최근에 진화된 능력들은 훨씬 덜 자동화되어 있다.
⑧ So, most of the time, what you are perceiving, feeling, or thinking is based on a very crude and fast analysis that happens completely without your awareness.	그래서 대개는, 여러분이 지각하거나, 느끼거나, 생각하는 것은 완전히 여러분의 의식 없이 일어나는매우 투박하고 빠른 분석에 기반한다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 30번: 경쟁이 동기 부여에 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 이유
① Studies in psychology have reported cases in which competitive incentives resulted in lower task effort, and their focus was on the psychological underpinnings of the reduction in motivation.	심리학 연구에서는 경쟁적 유인책이 과업 노력의감소를 유발한 사례들을 보고했으며, 그것들은 동기 감소의 심리적 기반에 초점을 두었다.
② For example, competition presents an inevitable conflict between the motivation to achieve one's personal goal and the desire to maintain good relationships with others.	예를 들어, 경쟁은 개인의 목표를 달성하려는 동기와 다른 사람들과 좋은 관계를 유지하려는 욕구 사이에 피할 수 없는 갈등을 제공한다.
③ When the maintenance of interpersonal relationships is important, with their counterparts in particular or with others generally, competitors experience an internal conflict that can harm their desire to achieve their goal and taint the good feeling brought about by winning.	구체적으로는 자신의 상대와 혹은 일반적으로는 타인과의 대인 관계 유지가 중요할 때, 경쟁하는 이들은 자신의 목표를 달성하려는 욕구에 손상을 주고승리로 인해 생기는 좋은 기분을 더럽힐 수 있는 내적 갈등을 경험한다.
④ Exline and Lobel found that the perception of oneself as a target for upward social comparison often makes people uncomfortable.	Exline과 Lobel은 상향 사회적 비교의 대상으로 자신을 인식하는 것이 흔히 사람들을 불편하게 만든다는 것을 발견했다.
⑤ When they believe that others are making envious comparisons with them, people feel uneasiness, distress, or sorrow.	사람들은 다른 사람들이 질투하며 자신과 비교하고있다고 생각하면, 불안, 괴로움, 혹은 슬픔을 느낀다.
⑥ Feelings of guilt, an emotion generally associated with high motivation for goal-achievement, lead to weaker motivation and performance in the pursuit of competitive goals.	일반적으로 목표 달성에 대한 높은 동기와 연관된감정인 죄책감은 경쟁적 목표를 추구할 때의 동기와 성과를 더 약하게 만든다.
⑦ Consequences of this emotional state include lower task motivation in a competition and preferences for more cooperative and altruistic outcomes, such as diminishing the significance of the outcome or sharing the winner's reward.	이러한 감정 상태의 결과에는 경쟁에서 과업 동기의 감소, 그리고 결과의 중요성을 줄이거나 승자의보상을 나누는 것과 같은 더 협력적이고 이타주의의 결과에 대한 선호가 포함된다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 31번: 문학이 외국어 학습에서 개인적 몰입을 유도하는 방식
① Literature can be helpful in the language learning process because of the personal involvement it fosters in readers.	문학은 그것이 독자에게 촉진하는 개인적 몰입 때문에 언어 학습 과정에 도움이 될 수 있다.
② Core language teaching materials must concentrate on how a language operates both as a rule-based system and as a sociosemantic system.	핵심 언어 교육 자료는 언어가 규칙 기반 체계이자사회의미론적인 체계로서 어떻게 작동하는지에 중점을 두어야 한다.
③ Very often, the process of learning is essentially analytic, piecemeal, and, at the level of the personality, fairly superficial.	매우 흔히, 학습 과정은 본질적으로 분석적이고 단편적이며, 개인의 수준에서는 상당히 피상적이다.
④ Engaging imaginatively with literature enables learners to shift the focus of their attention beyond the more mechanical aspects of the foreign language system.	상상력을 발휘하여 문학에 몰입함으로써 학습자는주의의 초점을 외국어 체계의 더 기계적인 측면 너머로 전환할 수 있게 된다.
⑤ When a novel, play or short story is explored over a period of time, the result is that the reader begins to 'inhabit' the text.	소설, 희곡, 혹은 단편 소설을 일정 기간 탐구하면, 그 결과로 독자는 그 글에 '깃들기' 시작한다.
⑥ He or she is drawn into the book.	그 독자는 책 속으로 빨려 들어간다.
⑦ Pinpointing what individual words or phrases may mean becomes less important than pursuing the development of the story.	개별 단어나 어구가 무엇을 의미할 수도 있는지 정확히 집어내는 것은 이야기 전개를 따라가는 것보다 덜 중요해진다.
⑧ The reader is eager to find out what happens as events unfold; he or she feels close to certain characters and shares their emotional responses.	독자는 사건이 전개되면서 무슨 일이 일어나는지간절히 알아내고 싶어 하고, 그 독자는 특정 등장인물들과 친밀감을 느끼며 그들의 감정적 반응을 공유한다.
⑨ The language becomes 'transparent' ― the fiction draws the whole person into its own world.	언어는 '투명'해지는데, 소설은 그 사람 전체를 그자신의 세계로 끌어들인다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 32번: 교육이 비판적 사고를 통해 감정에 의존하지 않도록 함
① Education, at its best, teaches more than just knowledge.	교육은 최고의 모습에서는 단순한 지식 이상을 가르친다.
② It teaches critical thinking: the ability to stop and think before acting, to avoid succumbing to emotional pressures.	그것은 비판적 사고, 즉 행동하기 전에 멈추어 생각할 수 있는, 감정적 압박에 굴복하는 것을 피하는능력을 가르친다.
③ This is not thought control.	이것은 사고 통제가 아니다.
④ It is the very reverse: mental liberation.	그것은 바로 정반대인 정신적 해방이다.
⑤ Even the most advanced intellectual will be imperfect at this skill.	심지어 가장 지적으로 발달한 사람조차도 이 기능은 불완전할 것이다.
⑥ But even imperfect possession of it frees a person from the burden of being 'stimulus-driven', constantly reacting to the immediate environment, the brightest colours or loudest sounds.	하지만 그것을 불완전하게나마 소유하는 것은 인접한 주변 환경, 가장 밝은색이나 가장 큰 소리에 끊임없이 반응하면서 '자극에 유도'되는 것에 대한 부담에서 사람을 벗어나게 한다.
⑦ Being driven by heuristic responses, living by instinct and emotion all the time, is a very easy way to live, in many ways: thought is effortful, especially for the inexperienced.	휴리스틱 반응에 의해 유도되는 것, 즉 항상 본능과감정에 따라 사는 것은 여러 면에서 매우 쉬운 삶의방식인데, 사고는 특히 경험이 없는 사람들에게는노력을 필요로 한다.
⑧ But emotions are also exhausting, and short-term reactions may not, in the long term, be the most beneficial for health and survival.	그러나 감정도 또한 지치게 하고, 단기적인 반응은장기적으로 볼 때 건강과 생존에 가장 유익하지 않을 수도 있다.
⑨ Just as we reach for burgers for the sake of convenience, storing up the arterial fat which may one day kill us, so our reliance on feelings can do us great harm.	우리가 편리함을 얻으려고 햄버거에 손을 뻗어 언젠가 우리의 목숨을 앗아갈지도 모르는 동맥 지방을 축적하는 것처럼, 우리가 감정에 의존하는 것은우리에게 큰 해를 끼칠 수 있다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 33번: 관심 경제에서 소비자의 관심을 상품으로 판매하는 방식
① We are famously living in the era of the attention economy, where the largest and most profitable businesses in the world are those that consume my attention.	우리는 잘 알려져 있는 바와 같이 세상에서 가장 크고 수익성이 가장 높은 사업은 나의 관심을 '소비하는' 사업인 관심 경제의 시대에 살고 있다.
② The advertising industry is literally dedicated to capturing the conscious hours of my life and selling them to someone else.	광고 산업은 말 그대로 내 삶의 의식적인 시간을 포착하여 다른 누군가에게 그것을 판매하는 데 전념한다.
③ It might seem magical that so many exciting and useful software systems are available to use for free, but it is now conventional wisdom that if you can't see who is paying for something that appears to be free, then the real product being sold is you.	너무나 많은 흥미롭고 유용한 소프트웨어 시스템을무료로 사용할 수 있는 것이 아주 멋지게 보일 수도있지만, 무료인 것처럼 보이는 것에 대해 누가 비용을 지불하고 있는지 알 수 없다면, 그렇다면 팔리고있는 진짜 제품은 바로 여러분이라는 것은 이제 일반 통념이다.
④ Our creative engagement with other people is mediated by AI-based recommendation systems that are designed to trap our attention through the process that Nick Seaver calls captology, keeping us attending to work sold by one company rather than another, replacing the freedom of personal exploration with algorithm-generated playlists or even algorithm-generated art.	다른 사람들과 맺는 우리의 창의적 관계는 Nick Seaver가 'captology'라고 부르는 과정을 통해 우리의 관심을 붙잡고, 딴 회사가 아니라 어떤 한 회사에 의해 판매되는 제품에 우리가 계속 관심을 쏟게하고, 개인적 탐색의 자유를 알고리즘이 생성한 재생 목록이나 심지어 알고리즘이 생성한 예술로 대체하도록 고안된 AI 기반 추천 시스템의 영향을 받는다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 34번: 규칙이 역할과 관행을 만들며 생산 활동을 촉진함
① Centralized, formal rules can facilitate productive activity by establishing roles and practices.	중앙 집권화되고 공식적인 규칙은 역할과 관행을확립함으로써 생산적인 활동을 촉진할 수 있다.
② The rules of baseball don't just regulate the behavior of the players; they determine the behavior that constitutes playing the game.	야구 규칙은 그저 선수들의 행동을 규제하는 것만이 아니라, 경기하는 것을 구성하는 행동을 결정한다.
③ Rules do not prevent people from playing baseball; they create the very practice that allows people to play baseball.	규칙은 사람들이 야구를 하지 못하게 막는 게 아니라, 사람들이 야구를 할 수 있게 하는 바로 그 관행을 만들어 낸다.
④ A score of music imposes rules, but it also creates a pattern of conduct that enables people to produce music.	악보는 규칙을 부과하지만, 그것은 또한 사람들이음악을 만들 수 있게 하는 행동 양식을 만들어 내기도 한다.
⑤ Legal rules that enable the formation of corporations, that enable the use of wills and trusts, that create negotiable instruments, and that establish the practice of contracting all make practices that create new opportunities for individuals.	기업의 형성을 가능하게 하는 법규, 유언장과 신탁금의 사용을 가능하게 하는 법규, 양도성 증권을 만들어 내는 법규, 계약의 관행을 확립하는 법규는 모두 사람들을 위해 새로운 기회를 만들어 내는 관행을 만든다.
⑥ And we have legal rules that establish roles individuals play within the legal system, such as judges, trustees, partners, and guardians.	그리고 우리에게는 판사, 신탁 관리자, 동업자, 후견인과 같은 법률 시스템 내에서 개인이 수행하는역할을 확립하는 법규가 있다.
⑦ True, the legal rules that establish these roles constrain the behavior of individuals who occupy them, but rules also create the roles themselves.	물론, 이러한 역할을 확립하는 법규는 그 역할을 차지하는 사람들의 행동을 제약하지만, 규칙 스스로가 또한 역할을 만들어 내기도 한다.
⑧ Without them an individual would not have the opportunity to occupy the role.	그것들이 없다면 개인은 역할을 차지할 기회를 갖지 못할 것이다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 35번: 자동차가 스포츠 관광 발전에 미친 영향
① The expansion of sports tourism in the twentieth century has been influenced by further developments in transportation.	20세기의 스포츠 관광의 확대는 교통수단이 더욱발전되는 것에 영향을 받았다.
② Just as the railways revolutionized travel in the nineteenth century, so the automobile produced even more dramatic changes in the twentieth.	철도가 19세기에 여행에 혁신을 일으켰던 것과 꼭마찬가지로, 자동차가 20세기에 훨씬 더 극적인 변화를 일으켰다.
③ The significance of the car in the development of sport and tourism generally has attracted considerable coverage and it has had no less an impact on sports tourism specifically.	스포츠와 관광의 발전에서의 자동차의 중요성은 일반적으로 상당한 주목을 끌었으며, 구체적으로는스포츠 관광에 못지않은 영향을 미쳤다.
④ Although originally invented towards the end of the nineteenth century, it started to become a mass form of transport in the 1920s in the USA and rather later in Britain.	자동차는 원래 19세기 말에 접어들면서 발명되었지만, 1920년대에 미국에서, 그리고 상당히 더 늦게영국에서 대중적인 교통수단이 되기 시작했다.
⑤ Apart from its convenience and flexibility, the car has the additional advantages of affording access to many areas not served by public transport, as well as allowing the easy transport of luggage and equipment.	자동차는 편리함과 유연성 외에도 짐과 장비를 쉽게 운송해 준다는 것과 더불어 대중교통이 제공되지 않는 많은 지역에 접근하게 해 준다는 추가적인장점이 있다.
⑥ As a result, it was invaluable for the development of many forms of sports tourism but especially those which require the transportation of people and equipment to relatively remote locations.	그 결과, 그것은 여러 형태의 스포츠 관광, 특히 사람과 장비를 비교적 먼 곳으로 운송해야 하는 스포츠 관광 형태가 발전하는 데 매우 유용했다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 36번: 농업 공동체에서 평판이 시장 강제력을 형성하는 방식
① The potential for market enforcement is greater when contracting parties have developed reputational capital that can be devalued when contracts are violated.	시장 규제 집행 가능성은 계약 당사자들이 계약 위반 시 가치가 떨어질 수 있는 평판 자본을 구축한경우에 더 크다.
② Farmers and landowners develop reputations for honesty, fairness, producing high yields, and consistently demonstrating that they are good at what they do.	농부와 지주는 높은 수확량을 생산하고, 자신이 하는 일을 잘한다는 것을 지속적으로 입증하면서 정직함과 공정함에 대한 평판을 쌓아 나간다.
③ In small, close-knit farming communities, reputations are well known.	소규모의 긴밀히 맺어진 농업 공동체에서는 평판이잘 알려져 있다.
④ Over time landowners indirectly monitor farmers by observing the reported output, the general quality of the soil, and any unusual or extreme behavior.	시간이 지나면서 지주들은 보고된 생산량, 토양의전반적인 질, 어떤 보기 드물거나 극단적인 행동을관찰하여 농부들을 간접적으로 감시한다.
⑤ Farmer and landowner reputations act as a bond.	농부와 지주의 평판은 계약의 역할을 한다.
⑥ In any growing season a farmer can reduce effort, overuse soil, or underreport the crop.	어떤 한 재배 철에 농부는 노력을 줄이거나 토양을과도하게 사용하거나 작물을 축소 보고할 수 있다.
⑦ Similarly, a landowner can undermaintain fences, ditches, and irrigation systems.	마찬가지로, 지주는 울타리, 도랑, 관개 시스템을제대로 관리하지 않을 수 있다.
⑧ Accurate assessments of farmer and landowner behavior will be made over time, and those farmers and landowners who attempt to gain at each other's expense will find that others may refuse to deal with them in the future.	농부와 지주의 행동에 대한 정확한 평가는 시간이지남에 따라 이루어질 것이고, 상대방의 비용으로이익을 취하려고 시도하는 농부와 지주는 다른 사람들이 향후 그들과의 거래를 거부할 수도 있다는것을 알게 될 것이다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 37번: 감정 전염이 새들의 포식자 회피 행동에서 배열 형태에 따라 미치는 영향
① Watch the birds in your backyard.	뒷마당의 새를 관찰해보라.
② If one bird startles and flies off, others will follow, not waiting around to assess whether the threat is real.	새 한 마리가 놀라 날아오르면 다른 새들도 위협의진위를 판단하기 위해 기다리지 않고 뒤따를 것이다.
③ They have been infected by emotional contagion.	그것들은 감정 전염에 감염되었다.
④ In a long-term research project that Marc did with some of his students on patterns of antipredatory scanning by western evening grosbeaks, they found that birds in a circle showed more coordination in scanning than did birds who were feeding in a line.	Marc가 자신의 학생 몇 명과 함께 진행한 서양 콩새류의 포식자 회피 관찰 패턴에 관한 장기 연구 프로젝트에서, 그들은 일렬로 먹이를 먹고 있는 새보다 원을 그리고 있는 새들이 관찰에 더 많은 조정력을 보인다는 사실을 발견했다.
⑤ The birds in a line, who could only see their nearest neighbor, not only were less coordinated when scanning, but also were more nervous, changing their body and head positions significantly more than grosbeaks in a circle, where it was possible for each grosbeak to see every other grosbeak.	일렬로 늘어선 새들은, 가장 가까운 이웃만 볼 수있었는데, 관찰할 때 조정력이 떨어졌을 뿐만 아니라 더 긴장한 상태였고 원을 그리고 있는 콩새들보다 몸과 머리 위치를 훨씬 더 많이 바꾸었는데, 원을 그린 상태에서는 각각의 콩새가 다른 모든 콩새를 볼 수 있었다.
⑥ Marc wondered whether the birds in line were more fearful because they didn't know what their flockmates were doing.	Marc는 줄을 선 새들이 자기 무리가 무엇을 하는지모르기 때문에 더 두려운 것은 아닌지 궁금해했다.
⑦ Emotional contagion would have been impossible for individual grosbeaks in the linear array except with their nearest neighbors.	감정 전염은 선형 배열에 있는 개개의 콩새류에 가장 가까운 곳에 있는 이웃을 제외하고는 불가능했을 것이다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 38번: 비밀 유지가 혁신 보호에 미치는 영향과 문제점
① Trade secret law aims to promote innovation, although it accomplishes this objective in a very different manner than patent protection.	영업상의 비밀 법은 혁신을 촉진하는 것이 목표이지만, 특허 보호와는 매우 다른 방식으로 이 목표를이룬다.
② Notwithstanding the advantages of obtaining a patent, many innovators prefer to protect their innovation through secrecy.	특허 취득의 장점에도 불구하고 많은 혁신가는 비밀 유지를 통해 자신의 혁신을 보호하는 것을 선호한다.
③ They may believe that the cost and delay of seeking a patent are too great or that secrecy better protects their investment and increases their profit.	그들은 특허를 따는 데 있어서의 비용과 지연이 너무 크거나 비밀 유지가 투자를 더 잘 보호하고 수익을 증가시킨다고 믿을 수도 있다.
④ They might also believe that the invention can best be utilized over a longer period of time than a patent would allow.	그들은 또한 그 발명품이 특허가 허용할 것보다 더오랜 기간 최고로 활용될 수 있다고 믿을 수도 있다.
⑤ Without any special legal protection for trade secrets, however, the secretive inventor risks that an employee or contractor will disclose the proprietary information.	그러나 영업상의 비밀에 대한 어떤 특별한 법적 보호가 없다면, 비밀주의의 발명가는 직원이나 계약자가 독점 정보를 드러낼 위험을 감수하게 된다.
⑥ Once the idea is released, it will be "free as the air" under the background norms of a free market economy.	일단 그 아이디어가 공개되면, 그것은 자유 시장 경제의 이면 규범에 따라 '공기처럼 자유롭게' 유출될것이다.
⑦ Such a predicament would lead any inventor seeking to rely upon secrecy to spend an inordinate amount of resources building high and impassable fences around their research facilities and greatly limiting the number of people with access to the proprietary information.	이러한 곤경으로 인해 비밀 유지에 의존하려는 모든 발명가는 자신의 연구 시설 주변에 높고 통과할수 없는 울타리를 치고 독점 정보에 접근할 권리를가진 사람의 수를 크게 제한하는 데 과도한 양의 자원을 소비하게 될 것이다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 39번: 유지 및 수리의 과정이 기술의 수명을 연장하는 방식
① By their very nature, the concepts of maintenance and repair are predominantly examined from a process-oriented perspective.	그야말로 본질적으로, 정비와 수리의 개념은 과정지향적인 관점에서 주로 검토된다.
② The focus in related scholarly discourse often revolves around the lifespan or lifecycle of objects and technologies.	관련된 학문적 담론의 초점은 흔히 물건과 기술의수명 또는 생애 주기를 중심으로 이루어진다.
③ In this context, maintenance and repair are considered practices that have the potential to prolong the existence of objects, ensuring their sustained utilization over an extended period.	이러한 맥락에서 정비와 수리는 물건의 존재를 연장하여 장기간에 걸쳐 지속적인 활용을 보장할 수있는 잠재력을 가진 행위로 여겨진다.
④ Krebs and Weber critically engage with anthropomorphic metaphors that imply a biography of things, appropriately highlighting that conventional understanding of the lifecycle of a technology, from its acquisition to its disposal from the household, provides an incomplete definition.	Krebs와 Weber는 물건의 일대기를 암시하는 의인화된 은유를 비판적으로 사용하여, 기술의 수명 주기에 대한 관례적인 이해가, 기술의 획득부터 가정에서의 그것의 폐기에 이르기까지, 불완전한 정의를 제공한다는 점을 적절히 강조한다.
⑤ In reality, objects do not conform to a linear lifecycle model; instead, they undergo breakdowns, await repairs, are stored away, or find themselves relegated to the basement, only to be rediscovered and repurposed later.	실제로 물건은 선형적인 수명 주기 모형을 따르지않고, 대신에 고장을 겪거나, 수리를 기다리거나, 사용되지 않고 보관되거나, 지하실로 추방되거나했다가, 결국 나중에 다시 발견되어 용도가 변경되기도 한다.
⑥ Additionally, objects may enter recycling or second-hand cycles, leading to a dynamic afterlife marked by diverse applications.	게다가, 물건은 재활용 또는 중고품 순환 과정으로들어갈 수도 있어서 다양한 용도가 특징인 역동적인 사후 생애를 맞이하기도 한다.
⑦ As such, the life of an object exhibits a far more complicated and adaptive path than a simplistic linear progression.	그와 같이 물건의 생애는 단순한 선형적 진행보다는 훨씬 더 복잡하고 적응적인 경로를 보인다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 40번: 합성 식품 성분과 자연 식품 성분의 안전성 비교
① People often assume that synthetic food ingredients are more harmful than natural ones, but this is not always the case.	사람들은 흔히 합성 식품 성분이 천연 성분보다 더해롭다고 가정하지만, 이것이 항상 그런 것은 아니다.
② Typically, synthetic ingredients can be made in a precisely controlled fashion and have well-defined compositions and properties, allowing careful evaluation of their potential toxicity.	일반적으로 합성 성분은 정밀하게 통제된 방식으로만들어질 수 있으며, 성분의 조합과 특성이 잘 정의되어 있어 잠재적인 독성을 주의 깊게 평가할 수 있다.
③ On the other hand, natural ingredients often vary appreciably in their composition and properties depending on their origin, the time of year they were harvested, the climate they experienced throughout their lifetime, the soil quality, and how they were isolated and stored.	반면에 천연 성분은 원산지, 수확된 시기, 살아 있을때 경험한 기후, 토양의 질, 분리되고 저장된 방식에따라 성분의 조합과 특성이 상당히 차이를 보이는경우가 많다.
④ These variations can make testing their safety extremely difficult ― one is never sure about the potential toxicity of minor components that may vary from time to time.	이러한 변동성으로 인해 안전성을 테스트하기가 매우 어려울 수 있는데, 그때그때 달라질 수 있는 미세성분들의 잠재적인 독성에 대해 결코 확신할 수 없다.
⑤ In some cases, a natural food component has been consumed for hundreds or thousands of years without causing any obvious health problems and can, therefore, be assumed to be safe.	어떤 경우에는 천연 식품 성분이 수백 년 또는 수천년 동안 명백한 건강 문제를 일으키지 않고 소비되어 왔기에 안전하다고 가정될 수 있다.
⑥ However, one must still be very careful.	하지만 여전히 매우 주의해야 한다.
⑦ [Summary] The controllability of the production process for synthetic food ingredients and the variability of natural food ingredients may challenge people's commonly held assumption that the natural ingredients are more secure.	[Summary] 합성 식품 성분 생산 과정의 통제 가능성과 천연 식품 성분의 변동성은 천연 성분이 더안전하다는 사람들의 일반적인 가정에 이의를 제기할 수 있다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 41~42번: 인간 손의 진화가 도구 제작에 기여한 방식 설명
① Imagine grabbing a piece of paper between your thumb and index finger.	여러분의 엄지손가락과 집게손가락 사이에 한 장의종이를 쥐는 것을 상상해 보라.
② Maybe you already are, as you turn this page.	어쩌면 여러분은 이 페이지를 넘기면서 이미 하고있을지도 모른다.
③ We use this type of forceful, pad-to-pad precision gripping without thinking about it, and literally in a snap.	우리는 이러한 유형의 힘을 써서 손가락 끝 살이 맞닿는 정밀하게 쥐는 법을 그것에 대하여 아무 생각없이, 말 그대로 순식간에 사용한다.
④ Yet it was a breakthrough in human evolution.	그러나 그것은 인류 진화의 획기적 발전이었다.
⑤ Other primates exhibit some kinds of precision grips in the handling and use of objects, but not with the kind of efficient opposition that our hand anatomy allows.	다른 영장류도 물체를 다루고 사용할 때 일종의 정밀한 쥐기를 보이지만, 우리 손의 해부학적 구조가허용하는 종류의 효율적인 (엄지와 다른 손가락의)마주 닿음은 아니다.
⑥ In a single hand, humans can easily hold and manipulate objects, even small and delicate ones, while adjusting our fingers to their shape and reorienting them with displacements of our fingertip pads.	한 손에서, 인간은 작고 깨지기 쉬운 물체조차도 쉽게 잡고 조작할 수 있으며, 한편 모양에 맞게 우리의 손가락을 조정하고 우리의 손가락 끝 살 부분을이동시켜 그것의 방향을 바꿀 수 있다.
⑦ Our relatively long, powerful thumb and other anatomical attributes, including our flat nails (which nearly all primates possess), make this possible.	우리의 비교적 길고 강력한 엄지손가락과 (거의 모든 영장류가 소유한) 평평한 손톱을 포함하여 다른해부학적 속성들이 이것을 가능하게 한다.
⑧ Just picture trying ― and failing ― to dog-ear this page with pointy, curved claws.	끝이 뾰족하고 굽은 발톱으로 이 페이지의 모서리를 접으려다가 실패하는 모습을 한번 상상해 보라.
⑨ With a unique combination of traits, the human hand shaped our history.	고유한 특성의 조합으로, 인간의 손은 인류의 역사를 이루었다.
⑩ No question, stone tools couldn't have become a keystone of human technology and subsistence without hands that could do the job, along with a nervous system that could regulate and coordinate the necessary signals.	의심할 여지 없이, 필요한 신호를 조절하고 조정할수 있는 신경계와 함께 그 일을 할 수 있는 손이 없었다면 석기는 인간 기술과 생계의 핵심이 될 수 없었을 것이다.
⑪ Anybody who's ever attempted to make a spear tip or arrowhead from a rock knows that it requires strong grips, constant rotation and repositioning, and forceful, careful strikes with another hard object.	돌로 창촉이나 화살촉을 만들어 보려 한 사람이라면 누구라도 그것이 강하게 쥐는, 지속적인 회전과재배치, 그리고 또 다른 단단한 물체로 강하고 주의깊게 두드리는 것을 요구한다는 것을 안다.
⑫ And even with a fair amount of know-how, it can be a bloody business.	그리고 상당한 정도의 요령을 가지고서도, 이것은피투성이가 되는 작업일 수 있다.

 

 

 

[고3] 2024 11월 수능 – 43~45번: 아버지와 아들이 함께 등산하며 관계를 회복하는 이야기
① Do you remember when Sean used to tell me that I was the best dad in the world? Ethan asked his wife, Grace.	Sean이 나에게 내가 세상에서 최고의 아빠라고 말하곤 했던 거 기억나요? Ethan이 아내 Grace에게물었다.
② Yes, I do. I always envied your relationship with Sean, she replied.	네, 기억해요. 항상 나는 당신과 Sean의 관계를 부러워했어요.라고 그녀가 대답했다.
③ Ethan then shared how things had changed since his son started middle school.	그런 다음 Ethan은 자신의 아들 Sean이 중학교에다니기 시작한 이후로 상황이 어떻게 변했는지 이야기했다.
④ Grace had noticed Ethan often pushing Sean to study harder.	Grace는 Ethan이 자주 Sean에게 공부를 더 열심히 하라고 밀어붙이는 것을 알아챘었다.
⑤ Maybe he isn't that into school right now. How about going hiking, just the two of you? she suggested.	아마도 지금 그 애는 학교에 그다지 관심이 없을 거예요. 당신과 Sean 단둘이서 하이킹하러 가는 건어때요?라고 그녀가 제안했다.
⑥ He agreed, and realizing that both his and Sean's hiking jackets were still at the laundry, he asked his wife to go and pick them up with him.	그는 동의했고, 자신과 Sean의 하이킹 재킷이 여전히 세탁소에 있다는 것을 깨닫고는 아내에게 자신과함께 가서 그것을 찾아오자고 부탁했다.
⑦ When did you bring the jackets in? the clerk at the laundry asked.	언제 재킷을 맡기셨나요?라고 세탁소 점원이 물었다.
⑧ Maybe two weeks ago, Ethan replied.	아마 2주 전쯤에요.라고 Ethan은 대답했다.
⑨ Then, Grace quickly reminded him, "Honey, we actually left them here a month ago."	그러자 "여보, 사실은 그것을 한 달 전에 여기에 두고 갔어요."라고 Grace가 재빨리 그에게 상기시켰다.
⑩ The clerk went into the storage area to look for the clothes.	점원은 보관 구역으로 들어가 그 옷들을 찾아보았다.
⑪ Finally, he returned with the jackets and handed them to Ethan.	마침내 그는 재킷을 들고 돌아와 Ethan에게 건네주었다.
⑫ The clerk politely said, "I am sorry, but please collect your items earlier next time. Our storage is too full."	죄송합니다만, 다음에는 물건을 더 일찍 찾아가 주세요. 저희 보관 공간이 너무 꽉 찼습니다.라고 점원이 공손하게 말했다.
⑬ Ethan felt embarrassed for the late collection and apologized.	Ethan은 늦은 수거에 대해 민망함을 느끼며 사과했다.
⑭ Ethan and Grace came back home with the jackets and checked if Sean had everything else he needed for hiking.	Ethan과 Grace는 재킷을 들고 집으로 돌아와Sean이 하이킹에 필요한 그 외의 모든 것을 갖고있는지 확인했다.
⑮ Luckily, in his drawers they found his hat, shoes, sunglasses, and hiking sticks.	다행히 그들은 서랍에서 그의 모자, 신발, 선글라스, 등산지팡이를 발견했다.
⑯ When Sean returned from school, Ethan softly said, "Sean, let's go hiking this Saturday, just the two of us."	Sean이 학교에서 돌아오자 Ethan은 부드럽게 말했다. "Sean, 이번 주 토요일에 우리 단둘이서 하이킹하러 가자."
⑰ Though Sean thanked him for the suggestion, he said he had to go to the library.	Sean은 그에게 제안해줘서 고맙다고 했지만, 도서관에 가야 한다고 말했다.
⑱ Grace stepped in, "You know, the weather this weekend will be the best of the year. Why not enjoy it?"	Grace가 끼어들었다. "있잖아, 이번 주말 날씨가올해 최고일 거야. 즐기지 않을래?"
⑲ After a moment's hesitation, he agreed.	잠시 망설인 후 그는 동의했다.
⑳ The weather was perfect.	날씨는 완벽했다.
㉑ Ethan and Sean set off hiking along the valley by Aicken Mountain.	Ethan과 Sean은 Aicken Mountain 계곡을 따라하이킹을 시작했다.
㉒ They walked in silence until Sean fell over a rock and twisted his ankle.	그들은 말없이 걷다가 Sean이 돌에 걸려 넘어져 발목을 삐끗했다.
㉓ Realizing he couldn't walk, Ethan carried his son down on his back.	그가 걸을 수 없다는 것을 깨닫고는 Ethan은 아들을 등에 업고 내려갔다.
㉔ He felt Sean's heartbeat, something he hadn't felt since Sean was a baby.	그는 Sean의 심장 박동을 느꼈는데, 이는 Sean이아기였을 때 이후로 처음 느끼는 것이었다.
㉕ Suddenly, Sean said, "Dad, I'm sorry. At some point, I started to become afraid of disappointing you. But you are still the best dad."	갑자기 Sean이 말했다. "아빠, 미안해요. 어느 순간부터 아빠를 실망하게 할까 봐 두려워지기 시작했어요. 하지만 아빠는 여전히 최고의 아빠예요."
㉖ Energized, he felt no weight on his back and replied, "You are the best son, no matter what."	힘이 솟아나 Ethan은 등에 아무런 무게도 느껴지지않았으며 "넌 무슨 일이 있어도 최고의 아들이야."라고 말했다.