ACC Travel Agency Customers: Have you ever wanted to enjoy a holiday in nature? This summer is the best time to turn your dream into reality. We have a perfect travel package for you. This travel package includes special trips to Lake Madison as well as massage and meditation to help you relax. Also, we provide yoga lessons taught by experienced instructors. If you book this package, you will enjoy all this at a reasonable price. We are sure that it will be an unforgettable experience for you. If you call us, we will be happy to give you more details.

Possible Titles:

1. Affordable Summer Getaway to Lake Madison for Relaxation and Rejuvenation

2. Unforgettable Nature Escape with Yoga, Massage, and Meditation at Lake Madison

3. The Ultimate Summer Retreat: Wellness and Tranquility at Lake Madison

4. Lake Madison Travel Package: Rejuvenate Your Body and Mind with ACC

Main Idea #1:

The travel package offers a summer escape to Lake Madison with activities promoting relaxation, such as massage, meditation, and yoga.

Main Idea #2:

ACC Travel Agency provides an affordable package combining outdoor activities at Lake Madison with wellness practices to ensure an unforgettable summer vacation.

Summary:

The ACC Travel Agency offers a summer travel package featuring Lake Madison. Guests will enjoy relaxing activities like yoga, massage, and meditation led by experienced instructors. With reasonable pricing, this nature escape promises an unforgettable holiday.

Key Points:

1. The travel package includes trips to Lake Madison.

2. Relaxation activities offered include massage, meditation, and yoga.

3. Experienced instructors will lead yoga lessons.

4. The package is affordably priced for an unforgettable summer experience.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 19번: 마술 쇼 관람 중 잠시 분실된 가족을 찾은 이야기]

When I woke up in our hotel room, it was almost midnight. I didn't see my husband nor daughter. I called them, but I heard their phones ringing in the room. Feeling worried, I went outside and walked down the street, but they were nowhere to be found. When I decided I should ask someone for help, a crowd nearby caught my attention. I approached, hoping to find my husband and daughter, and suddenly I saw two familiar faces. I smiled, feeling calm. Just then, my daughter saw me and called, "Mom!" They were watching the magic show. Finally, I felt all my worries disappear.

Possible Titles:

1. Midnight Worries Disappear as Family Reunites at Magic Show

2. Midnight Search Leads to Reunion and Relief at Hotel Magic Show

3. A Mother's Midnight Scare Turns to Joy at Magic Show

4. Finding Family in the Midnight Crowd: A Mother's Journey to Relief

Main Idea #1:

A woman wakes up to find her husband and daughter missing and begins to worry.

Main Idea #2:

After searching outside their hotel room, the woman finally finds her husband and daughter watching a nearby magic show, bringing her great relief.

Summary:

A woman wakes up near midnight to find her husband and daughter missing from their hotel room. Feeling anxious, she searches the street and spots them at a magic show. Reunited, she finally feels calm and relieved.

Key Points:

1. The woman wakes up near midnight and cannot find her family.

2. Their phones are in the room, adding to her worry.

3. She spots a crowd outside and approaches to investigate.

4. She finds her family at a magic show and is relieved.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 20번: 업무와 개인 일정을 하나의 캘린더에 통합하는 것이 효율적임]

Research shows that people who work have two calendars: one for work and one for their personal lives. Although it may seem sensible, having two separate calendars for work and personal life can lead to distractions. To check if something is missing, you will find yourself checking your to-do lists multiple times. Instead, organize all of your tasks in one place. It doesn't matter if you use digital or paper media. It's okay to keep your professional and personal tasks in one place. This will give you a good idea of how time is divided between work and home. This will allow you to make informed decisions about which tasks are most important.

Possible Titles:

1. Managing Time Effectively: Benefits of Consolidating Work and Personal Calendars

2. Streamline Productivity by Combining Professional and Personal Calendars

3. Consolidating Calendars: How Merging Work and Personal Schedules Reduces Distractions

4. Enhance Focus and Prioritize Tasks by Merging Personal and Work Calendars

Main Idea #1:

Maintaining separate calendars for work and personal life can create distractions and confusion.

Main Idea #2:

Consolidating work and personal tasks into one calendar provides a clearer overview of priorities and helps improve productivity.

Summary:

Keeping separate calendars for work and personal life may lead to distractions and frequent list-checking. Instead, merging both into one calendar offers a better view of how time is divided between work and personal life, helping prioritize tasks more effectively.

Key Points:

1. Separate calendars for work and personal life can cause distractions.

2. Consolidating tasks into one calendar provides a clearer view of priorities.

3. Using digital or paper media for organization is acceptable.

4. Merged calendars help in making informed decisions about prioritizing tasks.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 21번: 고객 만족도 모니터링의 중요성과 입소문 효과]

Why do you care how a customer reacts to a purchase? Good question. By understanding post-purchase behavior, you can understand the influence and the likelihood of whether a buyer will repurchase the product (and whether she will keep it or return it). You'll also determine whether the buyer will encourage others to purchase the product from you. Satisfied customers can become unpaid ambassadors for your business, so customer satisfaction should be on the top of your to-do list. People tend to believe the opinions of people they know. People trust friends over advertisements any day. They know that advertisements are paid to tell the "good side" and that they're used to persuade them to purchase products and services. By continually monitoring your customer's satisfaction after the sale, you have the ability to avoid negative word-of-mouth advertising.

Possible Titles:

1. The Importance of Post-Purchase Behavior in Building Customer Loyalty

2. Why Customer Satisfaction Matters: Turning Buyers into Brand Ambassadors

3. Harnessing Post-Purchase Behavior to Foster Positive Word-of-Mouth

4. Understanding Post-Purchase Behavior: How Customer Satisfaction Influences Repurchasing

Main Idea #1:

Monitoring post-purchase behavior helps understand the likelihood of repurchasing and the potential for product returns.

Main Idea #2:

Satisfied customers can become brand ambassadors, while careful attention to post-purchase behavior prevents negative word-of-mouth.

Summary:

Understanding post-purchase behavior reveals whether customers are likely to repurchase or return a product and if they will recommend it to others. Satisfied customers act as unpaid ambassadors, promoting the business through word-of-mouth, which is trusted more than advertisements. Monitoring post-purchase satisfaction helps prevent negative word-of-mouth.

Key Points:

1. Understanding post-purchase behavior indicates repurchasing and return likelihood.

2. Satisfied customers often recommend products to others.

3. People trust recommendations from friends more than advertisements.

4. Monitoring customer satisfaction helps prevent negative word-of-mouth.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 22번: 기술 발전으로 소비자에게 떠넘겨진 노동의 증가]

The promise of a computerized society, we were told, was that it would pass to machines all of the repetitive drudgery of work, allowing us humans to pursue higher purposes and to have more leisure time. It didn't work out this way. Instead of more time, most of us have less. Companies large and small have off-loaded work onto the backs of consumers. Things that used to be done for us, as part of the value-added service of working with a company, we are now expected to do ourselves. With air travel, we're now expected to complete our own reservations and check-in, jobs that used to be done by airline employees or travel agents. At the grocery store, we're expected to bag our own groceries and, in some supermarkets, to scan our own purchases.

Possible Titles:

1. The Irony of Automation: How Technology Shifted Work onto Consumers

2. Automation's Unintended Consequences: More Consumer Labor, Less Leisure Time

3. How the Computerized Society Increased Consumer Workload and Reduced Leisure

4. From Promise to Reality: Automation's Impact on Leisure and Consumer Labor

Main Idea #1:

The promise of automation reducing human work was not realized, as most people now have less free time.

Main Idea #2:

Companies shifted repetitive tasks onto consumers, making them handle jobs that used to be performed as part of a service, like booking travel or checking out groceries.

Summary:

Despite the promise that automation would increase leisure time, most people find themselves busier. Companies have shifted tasks to consumers that used to be part of the provided service, such as booking flights or scanning groceries. This has led to more consumer labor and less leisure time.

Key Points:

1. Automation was supposed to free up time by reducing repetitive work.

2. People now have less leisure time as companies shifted tasks onto consumers.

3. Examples include handling travel bookings and scanning groceries.

4. Many tasks once part of customer service are now consumer responsibilities.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 23번: 사람들은 자신의 능력을 과대평가하는 경향이 있음]

We tend to believe that we possess a host of socially desirable characteristics, and that we are free of most of those that are socially undesirable. For example, a large majority of the general public thinks that they are more intelligent, more fair-minded, less prejudiced, and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person. This phenomenon is so reliable and ubiquitous that it has come to be known as the "Lake Wobegon effect," after Garrison Keillor's fictional community where "the women are strong, the men are good-looking, and all the children are above average." A survey of one million high school seniors found that 70% thought they were above average in leadership ability, and only 2% thought they were below average. In terms of ability to get along with others, all students thought they were above average, 60% thought they were in the top 10%, and 25% thought they were in the top 1%!

Possible Titles:

1. Understanding the "Lake Wobegon Effect": Why We Overestimate Our Abilities

2. The Lake Wobegon Effect: Illusions of Superiority in Self-Perception

3. Why We All Think We're Above Average: The Lake Wobegon Effect Explained

4. Examining the Lake Wobegon Effect: Overconfidence in Socially Desirable Traits

Main Idea #1:

People believe they possess socially desirable traits and lack undesirable ones, often overestimating their abilities compared to others.

Main Idea #2:

The "Lake Wobegon effect," named after a fictional town, describes this overestimation, with surveys showing that high school seniors overwhelmingly see themselves as above average in leadership and social skills.

Summary:

People consistently believe they are superior in socially desirable traits, a phenomenon known as the "Lake Wobegon effect." A survey of high school seniors revealed that the majority rated themselves above average in leadership and social skills, with many believing they rank among the top.

Key Points:

1. People tend to overestimate their socially desirable qualities.

2. The "Lake Wobegon effect" illustrates this overconfidence.

3. High school seniors overwhelmingly believe they are above average in leadership and social skills.

4. The phenomenon highlights widespread illusions of personal superiority.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 24번: 부유한 국가일수록 시간적 압박감이 높음]

Few people will be surprised to hear that poverty tends to create stress: a 2006 study published in the American journal Psychosomatic Medicine, for example, noted that a lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher levels of stress hormones in the body. However, richer economies have their own distinct stresses. The key issue is time pressure. A 1999 study of 31 countries by American psychologist Robert Levine and Canadian psychologist Ara Norenzayan found that wealthier, more industrialized nations had a faster pace of life ─ which led to a higher standard of living, but at the same time left the population feeling a constant sense of urgency, as well as being more prone to heart disease. In effect, fast-paced productivity creates wealth, but it also leads people to feel time-poor when they lack the time to relax and enjoy themselves.

Possible Titles:

1. Time Poverty in Wealthy Nations: The Stress of Fast-Paced Living

2. How Fast-Paced Economies Create Time Poverty and Stress

3. Balancing Wealth and Well-Being: The Hidden Costs of Fast-Paced Economies

4. High Pace of Life in Rich Economies: Wealth, Stress, and the Sense of Urgency

Main Idea #1:

Poverty induces stress, with studies linking lower socioeconomic status to higher stress hormone levels.

Main Idea #2:

Wealthier economies face distinct stressors from the faster pace of life, creating a time pressure that leaves people feeling constantly rushed and susceptible to heart disease.

Summary:

Poverty is linked to high stress hormone levels, but fast-paced living in wealthy economies creates its own stresses. Although this lifestyle boosts productivity and wealth, people feel time-poor and under constant urgency, often experiencing health consequences.

Key Points:

1. Poverty is linked to increased stress hormone levels.

2. Wealthier nations have a faster pace of life, leading to constant urgency.

3. This sense of urgency makes people more prone to heart disease.

4. Fast-paced productivity generates wealth but leaves people feeling time-poor.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 25번: 1990년과 2019년 지역별 산림 면적 비율 그래프]

The above graph shows the share of forest area in total land area by region in 1990 and 2019. Africa's share of forest area in total land area was over 20% in both 1990 and 2019. The share of forest area in America was 42.6% in 1990, which was larger than that in 2019. The share of forest area in Asia declined from 1990 to 2019 by more than 10 percentage points. In 2019, the share of forest area in Europe was the largest among the five regions, more than three times that in Asia in the same year. Oceania showed the smallest gap between 1990 and 2019 in terms of the share of forest area in total land area.

Possible Titles:

1. Regional Trends in Forest Coverage: Comparing 1990 and 2019

2. Forest Area Declines in Asia and America, Europe Leads in 2019

3. Changes in Global Forest Distribution: Key Regional Differences from 1990 to 2019

4. Regional Shifts in Forest Coverage: Asia’s Decline and Europe’s Dominance

Main Idea #1:

Africa maintained over 20% of its land as forest in both 1990 and 2019.

Main Idea #2:

The share of forest area in total land decreased in America and Asia, while Europe had the largest share in 2019 and Oceania exhibited the smallest change.

Summary:

The share of forest area in total land has generally declined since 1990. Asia's forest area dropped by over 10 percentage points, while America's share also decreased. Europe had the highest forest coverage in 2019, and Oceania showed minimal changes in its forest area percentage over time.

Key Points:

1. Africa's forest area remained above 20% of its total land in 1990 and 2019.

2. America’s forest coverage decreased from 42.6% in 1990 to a lower figure in 2019.

3. Asia’s forest area share declined by over 10 percentage points.

4. Europe had the largest forest coverage in 2019, more than three times that of Asia.

5. Oceania had the smallest gap in forest coverage between 1990 and 2019.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 26번: 노벨 경제학상 수상자 게리 베커 소개]

Gary Becker was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania in 1930 and grew up in Brooklyn, New York City. His father, who was not well educated, had a deep interest in financial and political issues. After graduating from high school, Becker went to Princeton University, where he majored in economics. He was dissatisfied with his economic education at Princeton University because "it didn't seem to be handling real problems." He earned a doctor's degree in economics from the University of Chicago in 1955. His doctoral paper on the economics of discrimination was mentioned by the Nobel Prize Committee as an important contribution to economics. Since 1985, Becker had written a regular economics column in Business Week, explaining economic analysis and ideas to the general public. In 1992, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economic science.

Possible Titles:

1. Regional Trends in Forest Coverage: Comparing 1990 and 2019

2. Forest Area Declines in Asia and America, Europe Leads in 2019

3. Changes in Global Forest Distribution: Key Regional Differences from 1990 to 2019

4. Regional Shifts in Forest Coverage: Asia’s Decline and Europe’s Dominance

Main Idea #1:

Africa maintained over 20% of its land as forest in both 1990 and 2019.

Main Idea #2:

The share of forest area in total land decreased in America and Asia, while Europe had the largest share in 2019 and Oceania exhibited the smallest change.

Summary:

Key Points:

1. Africa's forest area remained above 20% of its total land in 1990 and 2019.

2. America’s forest coverage decreased from 42.6% in 1990 to a lower figure in 2019.

3. Asia’s forest area share declined by over 10 percentage points.

4. Europe had the largest forest coverage in 2019, more than three times that of Asia.

5. Oceania had the smallest gap in forest coverage between 1990 and 2019.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 29번: 아이에게 긍정적 자아상을 심어주는 칭찬의 중요성]

Although praise is one of the most powerful tools available for improving young children's behavior, it is equally powerful for improving your child's self-esteem. Preschoolers believe what their parents tell them in a very profound way. They do not yet have the cognitive sophistication to reason analytically and reject false information. If a preschool boy consistently hears from his mother that he is smart and a good helper, he is likely to incorporate that information into his self-image. Thinking of himself as a boy who is smart and knows how to do things is likely to make him endure longer in problem-solving efforts and increase his confidence in trying new and difficult tasks. Similarly, thinking of himself as the kind of boy who is a good helper will make him more likely to volunteer to help with tasks at home and at preschool.

Possible Titles:

1. Positive Parental Praise Shapes Preschoolers' Self-Esteem and Behavior

2. The Role of Parental Affirmation in Early Childhood Development

3. How Consistent Praise Boosts Preschoolers' Confidence and Helping Behavior

4. The Impact of Parental Praise on Preschoolers' Problem-Solving and Volunteering

Main Idea #1:

Positive parental praise shapes a preschooler's self-image, influencing their behavior and confidence.

Main Idea #2:

Preschoolers tend to internalize the positive affirmations they receive from their parents, which increases their problem-solving skills, encourages them to tackle new challenges, and motivates them to be helpful.

Summary:

Praise is a powerful tool that shapes preschoolers' behavior and self-esteem because they believe their parents deeply. Positive affirmations help them internalize these beliefs, encouraging them to face challenges with confidence and to volunteer with helpful tasks. Praise not only molds their self-image but also inspires them to persist in problem-solving and new endeavors.

Key Points:

1. Preschoolers absorb their parents' praise, shaping their self-esteem and identity.

2. Positive affirmations make children endure challenges and persist longer in problem-solving tasks.

3. Consistent praise about being helpful encourages children to volunteer for tasks at home and in school.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 30번: 광고를 통한 상품 재포지셔닝 사례]

Advertisers often displayed considerable facility in adapting their claims to the market status of the goods they promoted. Fleischmann's yeast, for instance, was used as an ingredient for cooking homemade bread. Yet more and more people in the early 20th century were buying their bread from stores or bakeries, so consumer demand for yeast decreased. The producer of Fleischmann's yeast hired the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency to come up with a different marketing strategy to boost sales. No longer the "Soul of Bread," the Thompson agency first turned yeast into an important source of vitamins with significant health benefits. Shortly thereafter, the advertising agency transformed yeast into a natural laxative. Repositioning yeast helped increase sales.

Possible Titles:

1. How Creative Advertising Revitalized Fleischmann's Yeast Sales

2. Adaptive Marketing: Rebranding Fleischmann's Yeast for Modern Consumers

3. The Strategic Transformation of Fleischmann's Yeast into a Health Product

4. Fleischmann's Yeast: From Bread Ingredient to Health-Boosting Laxative

Main Idea #1:

Advertisers adapted their strategies to promote Fleischmann's yeast despite declining demand for homemade bread.

Main Idea #2:

Fleischmann's yeast was successfully repositioned from a bread-making ingredient to a health product, first as a vitamin source and then as a natural laxative, leading to increased sales.

Summary:

As demand for homemade bread fell, Fleischmann's yeast producers adapted their marketing strategy with help from the J. Walter Thompson agency. They repositioned yeast from a cooking ingredient to a health product, emphasizing its vitamin content and laxative properties. This creative advertising approach boosted yeast sales significantly.

Key Points:

1. Advertisers adapted their messaging to align with shifting consumer habits.

2. Fleischmann's yeast was repositioned from a bread-making ingredient to a source of vitamins and a natural laxative.

3. The marketing shift increased yeast sales by tapping into emerging consumer health interests.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 31번: 명성에 대한 존경심을 활용한 자선 행위 에피소드]

Individuals who perform at a high level in their profession often have instant credibility with others. People admire them, they want to be like them, and they feel connected to them. When they speak, others listen ― even if the area of their skill has nothing to do with the advice they give. Think about a world-famous basketball player. He has made more money from endorsements than he ever did playing basketball. Is it because of his knowledge of the products he endorses? No. It's because of what he can do with a basketball. The same can be said of an Olympic medalist swimmer. People listen to him because of what he can do in the pool. And when an actor tells us we should drive a certain car, we don't listen because of his expertise on engines. We listen because we admire his talent. Excellence connects. If you possess a high level of ability in an area, others may desire to connect with you because of it.

Possible Titles:

1. The Influence of Excellence: How Professional Success Establishes Credibility

2. Instant Credibility: Why High Performers Garner Admiration and Trust

3. The Magnetic Power of Excellence: How Professionals Inspire Trust Beyond Their Field

4. High Performers and Influence: Building Connections Through Talent and Skill

Main Idea #1:

High-performing individuals often have immediate credibility that inspires others, even in areas unrelated to their expertise.

Main Idea #2:

Excellence in a particular field, such as sports or acting, creates a strong connection with others who admire the individual's skill, leading them to trust and follow advice beyond that specific field.

Summary:

Individuals who excel in their professions have instant credibility, inspiring others regardless of the field. Their high-level skill establishes a connection that makes people trust their endorsements and advice, even if unrelated to their area of expertise. Excellence draws admiration and forms connections beyond the original domain.

Key Points:

1. High-performing professionals gain credibility through excellence in their field.

2. Their influence extends beyond their expertise due to admiration and connection.

3. Their endorsements often succeed despite lacking specific product knowledge.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 32번: 두뇌는 도시처럼 복잡한 상호작용의 결과물임]

Think of the brain as a city. If you were to look out over a city and ask "where is the economy located?" you'd see there's no good answer to the question. Instead, the economy emerges from the interaction of all the elements ― from the stores and the banks to the merchants and the customers. And so it is with the brain's operation: it doesn't happen in one spot. Just as in a city, no neighborhood of the brain operates in isolation. In brains and in cities, everything emerges from the interaction between residents, at all scales, locally and distantly. Just as trains bring materials and textiles into a city, which become processed into the economy, so the raw electrochemical signals from sensory organs are transported along superhighways of neurons. There the signals undergo processing and transformation into our conscious reality.

Possible Titles:

1. Understanding the Brain as a City: Interconnected Networks and Processes

2. Comparing the Brain to a City: How Interaction Shapes Conscious Thought

3. The Brain's Economy: A City-Like Network of Complex Interactions

4. The Brain and the City: Parallel Emergence Through Networked Interactions

Main Idea #1:

The brain functions like a city, where its "economy" emerges from the complex interactions between different regions.

Main Idea #2:

In both cities and the brain, no neighborhood functions in isolation. Signals from sensory organs are transported via neural networks, processed, and transformed into conscious thought through interconnected interactions.

Summary:

The brain functions like a city, with its economy emerging from interconnected regions rather than a single area. Each neighborhood of the brain collaborates with others, like in a city. Sensory signals travel through neural networks, becoming processed into conscious reality through these interactions.

Key Points:

1. The brain's operation is similar to a city's economy, emerging from interactions between regions.

2. No brain region operates in isolation, just like neighborhoods in cities.

3. Sensory signals are transported and processed via neural networks, shaping conscious reality.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 33번: 특정 행동을 취하면 그에 상응하는 감정이 유발됨]

Someone else's body language affects our own body, which then creates an emotional echo that makes us feel accordingly. As Louis Armstrong sang, "When you're smiling, the whole world smiles with you." If copying another's smile makes us feel happy, the emotion of the smiler has been transmitted via our body. Strange as it may sound, this theory states that emotions arise from our bodies. For example, our mood can be improved by simply lifting up the corners of our mouth. If people are asked to bite down on a pencil lengthwise, taking care not to let the pencil touch their lips (thus forcing the mouth into a smile-like shape), they judge cartoons funnier than if they have been asked to frown. The primacy of the body is sometimes summarized in the phrase "I must be afraid, because I'm running."

Possible Titles:

1. How Body Language Influences Emotions: The Theory of Emotional Echo

2. The Power of Body Language: How Smiling and Movement Affect Our Emotions

3. Understanding Emotional Echo: How Mimicking Body Language Shapes Feelings

4. The Influence of Physical Expression on Emotions: Why We Smile When Others Do

Main Idea #1:

Emotions can be transmitted through body language, creating an emotional echo that influences our own feelings.

Main Idea #2:

Our emotions often arise from physical actions and expressions; smiling can make us feel happier, while bodily movements can affect how we perceive events and experiences.

Summary:

Our emotions are influenced by the body language of others, creating an emotional echo. For instance, smiling can make us feel happier, and when asked to bite a pencil to mimic a smile, people find cartoons funnier than when frowning. This theory, summarized as "I must be afraid because I'm running," suggests that emotions arise from physical actions and expressions.

Key Points:

1. Body language from others can affect our emotional state through an emotional echo.

2. Physical actions like smiling can improve our mood.

3. Mimicking a smile leads people to perceive things as more amusing.

4. The theory suggests that emotions arise from bodily expressions.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 34번: 제한된 구매 수량이 판매를 증가시키는 사례]

Restricting the number of items customers can buy boosts sales. Brian Wansink, Professor of Marketing at Cornell University, investigated the effectiveness of this tactic in 1998. He persuaded three supermarkets in Sioux City, Iowa, to offer Campbell's soup at a small discount: 79 cents rather than 89 cents. The discounted soup was sold in one of three conditions: a control, where there was no limit on the volume of purchases, or two tests, where customers were limited to either four or twelve cans. In the unlimited condition shoppers bought 3.3 cans on average, whereas in the scarce condition, when there was a limit, they bought 5.3 on average. This suggests scarcity encourages sales. The findings are particularly strong because the test took place in a supermarket with genuine shoppers. It didn't rely on claimed data, nor was it held in a laboratory where consumers might behave differently.

Possible Titles:

1. Scarcity Marketing Boosts Sales: Evidence from Campbell's Soup Experiment

2. The Impact of Purchase Limits on Consumer Buying Behavior in Supermarkets

3. How Limiting Purchases Can Drive Sales: Insights from a Marketing Experiment

4. Scarcity Effect on Sales: How Purchase Restrictions Influence Buying Patterns

Main Idea #1:

Setting limits on the number of items customers can buy leads to increased sales due to the perceived scarcity of the product.

Main Idea #2:

Brian Wansink's 1998 experiment with Campbell's soup found that limiting customers to four or twelve cans boosted sales compared to when no purchase limit was imposed, revealing that scarcity is an effective marketing tactic.

Summary:

Brian Wansink's 1998 experiment demonstrated that imposing a purchase limit on Campbell's soup increased sales, with shoppers buying an average of 5.3 cans when limits were set compared to 3.3 without restrictions. This experiment in a real supermarket setting confirms that scarcity marketing effectively encourages customers to buy more.

Key Points:

1. Restricting purchase limits can boost sales by creating a sense of scarcity.

2. Shoppers purchased significantly more soup when there was a limit on the number of cans they could buy.

3. The experiment's real-world supermarket setting adds credibility to the findings.

4. This marketing tactic doesn't rely on self-reported data or controlled laboratory behavior.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 35번: 새로운 기술 도입 시 생산성에 미치는 영향]

Although technology has the potential to increase productivity, it can also have a negative impact on productivity. For example, in many office environments workers sit at desks with computers and have access to the internet. They are able to check their personal e-mails and use social media whenever they want to. This can stop them from doing their work and make them less productive. Introducing new technology can also have a negative impact on production when it causes a change to the production process or requires workers to learn a new system. Learning to use new technology can be time consuming and stressful for workers and this can cause a decline in productivity.

Possible Titles:

1. Balancing Technology and Productivity: Navigating Digital Distractions and Learning Curves

2. The Dual Nature of Technology: How New Systems Can Hamper Workplace Productivity

3. Understanding the Challenges of Technology Adoption in the Workplace

4. The Impact of Technology on Productivity: Distractions and Learning Curves

Main Idea #1:

Technology, despite its potential, can reduce productivity due to distractions like social media and personal emails.

Main Idea #2:

New technology can negatively impact productivity if it disrupts existing processes or requires workers to learn unfamiliar systems, as training can be time-consuming and stressful.

Summary:

Although technology can boost productivity, it also brings challenges. In office settings, distractions like social media and personal emails can reduce productivity. Additionally, new systems can disrupt workflows and require time-consuming, stressful training, further hampering productivity.

Key Points:

1. Office workers often get distracted by personal emails and social media, reducing productivity.

2. New technology can disrupt production processes and require a challenging learning curve.

3. Training on new systems is time-consuming and can cause stress, leading to reduced productivity.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 36번: 시간 측정의 역사와 시계의 중요성]

Up until about 6,000 years ago, most people were farmers. Many lived in different places throughout the year, hunting for food or moving their livestock to areas with enough food. There was no need to tell the time because life depended on natural cycles, such as the changing seasons or sunrise and sunset. Gradually more people started to live in larger settlements, and some needed to tell the time. For example, priests wanted to know when to carry out religious ceremonies. This was when people first invented clocks ― devices that show, measure, and keep track of passing time. Clocks have been important ever since. Today, clocks are used for important things such as setting busy airport timetables ― if the time is incorrect, aeroplanes might crash into each other when taking off or landing!

Possible Titles:

1. The Evolution of Clocks: From Farming Societies to Modern Airports

2. The Role of Clocks in Human History: From Seasonal Farming to Precise Aviation

3. How Clocks Transformed Society: Understanding the Need to Track Time

4. The Importance of Clocks: From Ancient Religious Ceremonies to Modern Timetables

Main Idea #1:

Clocks were invented to meet the needs of societies transitioning from farming to living in larger, organized settlements.

Main Idea #2:

Clocks have grown in importance, initially aiding religious ceremonies but now playing a crucial role in precise scheduling, such as coordinating airport timetables to prevent accidents.

Summary:

Clocks were first invented to help early societies transitioning from farming to larger settlements accurately track time for activities like religious ceremonies. Today, clocks are indispensable for coordinating complex tasks, such as managing airport schedules to ensure flight safety.

Key Points:

1. Before clocks, early societies relied on natural cycles to manage their daily lives.

2. Clocks were created to aid priests in timing religious ceremonies.

3. Modern clocks ensure accurate timetables, preventing potentially dangerous accidents like airplane collisions.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 37번: 분업을 통한 생산성 향상 방안]

Managers are always looking for ways to increase productivity, which is the ratio of costs to output in production. Adam Smith, writing when the manufacturing industry was new, described a way that production could be made more efficient, known as the "division of labor." Making most manufactured goods involves several different processes using different skills. Smith's example was the manufacture of pins: the wire is straightened, sharpened, a head is put on, and then it is polished. One worker could do all these tasks, and make 20 pins in a day. But this work can be divided into its separate processes, with a number of workers each performing one task. Because each worker specializes in one job, he or she can work much faster without changing from one task to another. Now 10 workers can produce thousands of pins in a day ─ a huge increase in productivity from the 200 they would have produced before.

Possible Titles:

1. Understanding Adam Smith's Division of Labor and Its Impact on Productivity

2. How Specialization Transforms Production: Adam Smith's Division of Labor

3. Increasing Efficiency in Manufacturing: The Role of Labor Division

4. Division of Labor: From 20 to Thousands of Pins in a Day

Main Idea #1:

The division of labor is a method to increase productivity by dividing production into specialized tasks.

Main Idea #2:

Adam Smith illustrated the division of labor through pin manufacturing, showing how breaking down the process into specialized tasks allowed 10 workers to make thousands of pins daily, rather than only 200.

Summary:

Managers seek productivity improvements through the division of labor, where each worker specializes in one production task. Adam Smith used pin manufacturing as an example, demonstrating that by dividing the tasks, 10 workers could produce thousands of pins daily, compared to the 200 pins they would produce individually.

Key Points:

1. Division of labor increases productivity by allowing workers to specialize.

2. In pin manufacturing, production was divided into tasks like sharpening and polishing.

3. With the division of labor, 10 workers could produce thousands of pins daily, up from 200.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 38번: 시간이 지남에 따라 우리 모습도 변화함]

Sometimes the pace of change is far slower. The face you saw reflected in your mirror this morning probably appeared no different from the face you saw the day before ― or a week or a month ago. Yet we know that the face that stares back at us from the glass is not the same, cannot be the same, as it was 10 minutes ago. The proof is in your photo album: Look at a photograph taken of yourself 5 or 10 years ago and you see clear differences between the face in the snapshot and the face in your mirror. If you lived in a world without mirrors for a year and then saw your reflection, you might be surprised by the change. After an interval of 10 years without seeing yourself, you might not at first recognize the person peering from the mirror. Even something as basic as our own face changes from moment to moment.

Possible Titles:

1. Slow Yet Constant: How Our Faces Change Gradually Over Time

2. Understanding the Pace of Change: Why Our Faces Seem Static in Daily Reflection

3. The Gradual Transformation of Faces: Recognizing Long-Term Changes in Ourselves

4. The Mirror vs. the Photo Album: Perceiving the Subtle Evolution of Our Faces

Main Idea #1:

Our faces change gradually over time, even though daily reflections make them seem static.

Main Idea #2:

The gradual pace of facial changes becomes evident when comparing old photographs, revealing significant differences that are not noticeable in everyday reflections.

Summary:

Our faces change so slowly that daily reflections appear identical, yet comparing them to photographs from years ago reveals stark differences. If deprived of mirrors for a long time, we might not recognize our reflection, demonstrating how subtle changes accumulate over time.

Key Points:

1. Daily reflections make it challenging to perceive gradual changes in our faces.

2. Old photographs reveal the significant transformation our faces undergo over time.

3. Without seeing one's reflection for a long period, facial changes become more surprising and recognizable.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 39번: 아이의 호기심이 점차 줄어드는 이유]

According to educational psychologist Susan Engel, curiosity begins to decrease as young as four years old. By the time we are adults, we have fewer questions and more default settings. As Henry James put it, "Disinterested curiosity is past, the mental grooves and channels set." The decline in curiosity can be traced in the development of the brain through childhood. Though smaller than the adult brain, the infant brain contains millions more neural connections. The wiring, however, is a mess; the lines of communication between infant neurons are far less efficient than between those in the adult brain. The baby's perception of the world is consequently both intensely rich and wildly disordered. As children absorb more evidence from the world around them, certain possibilities become much more likely and more useful and harden into knowledge or beliefs. The neural pathways that enable those beliefs become faster and more automatic, while the ones that the child doesn't use regularly are pruned away.

Possible Titles:

1. How Curiosity Diminishes Over Time: Exploring the Neural Changes from Childhood to Adulthood

2. The Decline of Curiosity: Understanding Neural Pathway Changes from Childhood to Adulthood

3. Neural Pathways and Curiosity: How Childhood Brain Development Affects Questioning

4. From Rich Disorder to Efficiency: How Our Brain Development Limits Curiosity

Main Idea #1:

Curiosity begins to diminish as early as age four, leaving adults with fewer questions and more fixed beliefs.

Main Idea #2:

In childhood, the brain is highly interconnected but disorganized. As children learn more about the world, the neural pathways that reinforce existing beliefs become stronger while unused connections are pruned, leading to faster but more rigid thinking.

Summary:

Curiosity wanes starting at age four as neural pathways in the brain become streamlined. In childhood, the brain is highly connected but disordered. As children gain knowledge, certain beliefs are reinforced through faster neural connections, while unused pathways are pruned away, leaving adults with more rigid thinking patterns.

Key Points:

1. Curiosity decreases significantly beginning at age four.

2. Children's brains are highly connected but initially disorganized.

3. As children absorb information, useful neural pathways strengthen while others are pruned.

4. Adults tend to have fewer questions and more fixed beliefs due to this neural pruning.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 40번: 건강한 식단을 위해서는 식품 분류가 아닌 균형 잡힌 섭취가 중요함]

Nearly eight of ten U.S. adults believe there are "good foods" and "bad foods." Unless we're talking about spoiled stew, poison mushrooms, or something similar, however, no foods can be labeled as either good or bad. There are, however, combinations of foods that add up to a healthful or unhealthful diet. Consider the case of an adult who eats only foods thought of as "good" ― for example, raw broccoli, apples, orange juice, boiled tofu, and carrots. Although all these foods are nutrient-dense, they do not add up to a healthy diet because they don't supply a wide enough variety of the nutrients we need. Or take the case of the teenager who occasionally eats fried chicken, but otherwise stays away from fried foods. The occasional fried chicken isn't going to knock his or her diet off track. But the person who eats fried foods every day, with few vegetables or fruits, and loads up on supersized soft drinks, candy, and chips for snacks has a bad diet.

Possible Titles:

1. Debunking the Myth of "Good" and "Bad" Foods: Building a Balanced Diet

2. Beyond Labels: Understanding How Food Combinations Affect Dietary Health

3. The Importance of Dietary Variety: Why No Single Food Is Universally "Good" or "Bad"

4. The Complexity of Nutrition: How Food Choices and Combinations Define Diet Quality

Main Idea #1:

Labeling foods as "good" or "bad" is misleading; diet quality is determined by the overall combination of foods consumed.

Main Idea #2:

A diet consisting solely of nutrient-dense "good" foods can still lack essential nutrients, while occasionally eating "bad" foods doesn't necessarily lead to a poor diet unless it's part of an unbalanced, unhealthy eating pattern.

Summary:

Despite popular beliefs, no foods are inherently "good" or "bad." Diet quality depends on the overall combination of foods consumed. Even nutrient-dense foods like broccoli or tofu can't form a complete diet on their own, and occasionally eating fried foods isn't harmful if paired with healthier habits. An unbalanced diet emerges when unhealthy foods dominate, and nutrient-rich foods are neglected.

Key Points:

1. Most U.S. adults label foods as either "good" or "bad."

2. Even nutrient-dense foods don't provide a complete diet on their own.

3. The occasional indulgence in "bad" foods is harmless if balanced with healthier choices.

4. A poor diet results from consistent overconsumption of unhealthy foods paired with neglect of nutrient-rich options.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 41~42번: 농업 발달로 잉여 식량이 생기면서 전문 직업이 생겨남]

Early hunter-gatherer societies had minimal structure. A chief or group of elders usually led the camp or village. Most of these leaders had to hunt and gather along with the other members because the surpluses of food and other vital resources were seldom sufficient to support a full-time chief or village council. The development of agriculture changed work patterns. Early farmers could reap 3-10 kg of grain from each 1 kg of seed planted. Part of this food/energy surplus was returned to the community and provided support for nonfarmers such as chieftains, village councils, men who practice medicine, priests, and warriors. In return, the nonfarmers provided leadership and security for the farming population, enabling it to continue to increase food/energy yields and provide ever larger surpluses. With improved technology and favorable conditions, agriculture produced consistent surpluses of the basic necessities, and population groups grew in size. These groups concentrated in towns and cities, and human tasks specialized further. Specialists such as carpenters, blacksmiths, merchants, traders, and sailors developed their skills and became more efficient in their use of time and energy. The goods and services they provided brought about an improved quality of life, a higher standard of living, and, for most societies, increased stability.

Possible Titles:

1. The Evolution of Early Societies: From Hunter-Gatherers to Agricultural Specialists

2. How Agriculture Transformed Societal Structure and Work Patterns

3. The Impact of Agriculture: Surpluses, Specialization, and Societal Development

4. From Chiefdoms to Cities: The Role of Agriculture in Shaping Human Societies

Main Idea #1:

Early hunter-gatherer societies had minimal structure, with leaders who also worked due to limited food surpluses.

Main Idea #2:

The advent of agriculture allowed societies to generate surpluses, leading to specialization and the growth of towns and cities where nonfarmers could offer specialized goods and services that improved living standards and stability.

Summary:

Hunter-gatherer societies had simple structures due to limited food surpluses. With agriculture, societies created surpluses that supported nonfarmers like chiefs and warriors. This surplus led to the specialization of tasks, improved living standards, and societal stability as groups concentrated in towns and cities and relied on specialized skills like carpentry and blacksmithing.

Key Points:

1. Early hunter-gatherers had minimal leadership structures due to a lack of surpluses.

2. Agriculture produced surpluses that enabled societal specialization and growth.

3. Towns and cities emerged, fostering specialists who improved living standards.

4. Specialization brought stability and a higher quality of life through efficient use of time and skills.

[고1 2023년 06월 – 43~45번: 아들을 간호하며 임종을 지켜준 병사의 인간애 실화]

A nurse took a tired, anxious soldier to the bedside. "Jack, your son is here," the nurse said to an old man lying on the bed. She had to repeat the words several times before the old man's eyes opened. Suffering from the severe pain because of heart disease, he barely saw the young uniformed soldier standing next to him. He reached out his hand to the soldier. The soldier gently wrapped his fingers around the weak hand of the old man. The nurse brought a chair so that the soldier could sit beside the bed. All through the night the young soldier sat there, holding the old man's hand and offering him words of support and comfort. Occasionally, she suggested that the soldier take a rest for a while. He politely said no. Whenever the nurse came into the room, she heard the soldier say a few gentle words. The old man said nothing, only held tightly to him all through the night. Just before dawn, the old man died. The soldier released the old man's hand and left the room to find the nurse. After she was told what happened, she went back to the room with him. The soldier hesitated for a while and asked, "Who was this man?" She was surprised and asked, "Wasn't he your father?" "No, he wasn't. I've never met him before," the soldier replied. She asked, "Then why didn't you say something when I took you to him?" He said, "I knew there had been a mistake, but when I realized that he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, I could see how much he needed me. So, I stayed."

Possible Titles:

1. The Compassion of a Stranger: A Soldier's Act of Kindness at a Hospital Bedside

2. Finding Purpose in Compassion: A Soldier's Selfless Vigil for an Elderly Patient

3. The Power of Empathy: How a Soldier Offered Comfort to a Dying Stranger

4. A Mistaken Identity, A Selfless Act: The Unexpected Bond Between a Soldier and an Old Man

Main Idea #1:

A soldier offered comfort and stayed by the bedside of an elderly, dying man, despite realizing they were strangers.

Main Idea #2:

After recognizing a case of mistaken identity, the soldier chose to provide solace to the suffering old man, understanding the depth of support and companionship he needed in his final hours.

Summary:

Mistaken for the old man's son, a compassionate soldier stayed by his bedside throughout the night, offering words of support and comfort despite being a stranger. Realizing how much the elderly man needed him, the soldier chose to stay until the old man passed away, embodying empathy and selfless kindness.

Key Points:

1. The nurse mistakenly introduced the soldier as the old man's son.

2. The soldier recognized the error but stayed to offer comfort to the dying man.

3. He held the man's hand and provided supportive words throughout the night.

4. The soldier's empathetic presence eased the old man's final hours, despite their being strangers.

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